The 41st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1869, to March 4, 1871, during the first two years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1860 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Major events

• March 4, 1869: Ulysses Grant became President of the United States

• March 4, 1869: Carl Schurz R-Missouri became the first German American to serve in the United States Senate

• May 10, 1869: Golden spike marked the completion of the First transcontinental railroad in Promontory, Utah

• December 10, 1869: Wyoming Territory gave women the right to vote, one of the first such laws in the world

• February 12, 1870: Utah Territory gave women the right to vote

• February 25, 1870: Senator Hiram Rhodes Revels became the first African American in the U.S. Congress

Major legislation

• March 18, 1869: Public Credit Act of 1869, Sess. 1, ch. 1,

• April 10, 1869: Judiciary Act of 1869, Sess. 1, ch. 22,

• May 31, 1870: Enforcement Act of 1870, Sess. 2, ch. 114,

• June 22, 1870: An Act to establish the Department of Justice, Sess. 2, ch. 150,

• June 29, 1870: An Act to reorganize the Marine Hospital Service, Sess. 2, ch. 169,

• July 12, 1870: Currency Act of 1870, Sess. 2, ch. 252,

• July 14, 1870: Funding Act of 1870, Sess. 2, ch. 256,

• February 21, 1871: District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871, Sess. 3, ch. 62, ,

Constitutional amendments

• February 3, 1870: Fifteenth Amendment was ratified by the requisite number of states (then 28) to become part of the Constitution

States readmitted

• January 26, 1870: Virginia rejoined the Union

• February 23, 1870: Mississippi rejoined the Union

• March 30, 1870: Texas rejoined the Union

• July 15, 1870: Georgia rejoined the Union, the last former Confederate state to be readmitted

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, Virginia, Mississippi, Texas, and Georgia were readmitted to representation.

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

• President: Schuyler Colfax (R)

• President pro tempore: Henry B. Anthony (R)

House of Representatives

• Speaker: James G. Blaine (R)

• Republican Conference Chairman: Robert C. Schenck and Nathaniel P. Banks

• Democratic Caucus Chairman: William E. Niblack and Samuel J. Randall

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed then by class and representatives are listed then by district.

1. Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, "Class 1" meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1874; "Class 2" meant their term ended in this Congress, facing re-election in 1870; and "Class 3" meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1872.

List of United States senators from AlabamaAlabama

1. 2. Willard Warner (R)

2. 3. George E. Spencer (R)

List of United States senators from ArkansasArkansas

1. 2. Alexander McDonald (R)

2. 3. Benjamin F. Rice (R)

List of United States senators from CaliforniaCalifornia

1. 1. Eugene Casserly (D)

2. 3. Cornelius Cole (R)

List of United States senators from ConnecticutConnecticut

1. 1. William A. Buckingham (R)

2. 3. Orris S. Ferry (R)

List of United States senators from DelawareDelaware

1. 1. Thomas F. Bayard (D)

2. 2. Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D)

List of United States senators from FloridaFlorida

1. 1. Abijah Gilbert (R)

2. 3. Thomas W. Osborn (R)

List of United States senators from GeorgiaGeorgia

1. 2. Homer V. M. Miller (D), from February 24, 1871

2. 3. Joshua Hill (R), from February 1, 1871

List of United States senators from IllinoisIllinois

1. 2. Richard Yates (R)

2. 3. Lyman Trumbull (R)

List of United States senators from IndianaIndiana

1. 1. Daniel D. Pratt (R)

2. 3. Oliver P. Morton (R)

List of United States senators from IowaIowa

1. 2. James W. Grimes (R), until December 6, 1869

   1. James B. Howell (R), from January 18, 1870

   3. James Harlan (R)

List of United States senators from KansasKansas

1. 2. Edmund G. Ross (R)

2. 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R)

List of United States senators from KentuckyKentucky

1. 2. Thomas C. McCreery (D)

2. 3. Garrett Davis (D)

List of United States senators from LouisianaLouisiana

1. 2. John S. Harris (R)

2. 3. William P. Kellogg (R)

List of United States senators from MaineMaine

1. 1. Hannibal Hamlin (R)

2. 2. William P. Fessenden (R), until September 8, 1869

   1. Lot M. Morrill (R), from October 30, 1869

List of United States senators from MarylandMaryland

1. 1. William T. Hamilton (D)

2. 3. George Vickers (D)

List of United States senators from MassachusettsMassachusetts

1. 1. Charles Sumner (R)

2. 2. Henry Wilson (R)

List of United States senators from MichiganMichigan

1. 1. Zachariah Chandler (R)

2. 2. Jacob M. Howard (R)

List of United States senators from MinnesotaMinnesota

1. 1. Alexander Ramsey (R)

2. 2. Daniel S. Norton (R), until July 14, 1870

   1. William Windom (R), July 15, 1870 – January 22, 1871

   2. Ozora P. Stearns (R), from January 22, 1871

List of United States senators from MississippiMississippi

1. 1. Adelbert Ames (R), from February 23, 1870

2. 2. Hiram R. Revels (R), from February 23, 1870

List of United States senators from MissouriMissouri

1. 1. Carl Schurz (R)

2. 3. Charles D. Drake (R), until December 19, 1870

   1. Daniel T. Jewett (R), December 19, 1870 – January 20, 1871

   2. Francis P. Blair Jr. (D), from January 20, 1871

List of United States senators from NebraskaNebraska

1. 1. Thomas Tipton (R)

2. 2. John M. Thayer (R)

List of United States senators from NevadaNevada

1. 1. William M. Stewart (R)

2. 3. James W. Nye (R)

List of United States senators from New HampshireNew Hampshire

1. 2. Aaron H. Cragin (R)

2. 3. James W. Patterson (R)

List of United States senators from New JerseyNew Jersey

1. 1. John P. Stockton (D)

2. 2. Alexander G. Cattell (R)

List of United States senators from New YorkNew York

1. 1. Reuben E. Fenton (R)

2. 3. Roscoe Conkling (R)

List of United States senators from North CarolinaNorth Carolina

1. 2. Joseph C. Abbott (R)

2. 3. John Pool (R)

List of United States senators from OhioOhio

1. 1. Allen G. Thurman (D)

2. 3. John Sherman (R)

List of United States senators from OregonOregon

1. 2. George H. Williams (R)

2. 3. Henry W. Corbett (R)

List of United States senators from PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

1. 1. John Scott (R)

2. 3. Simon Cameron (R)

List of United States senators from Rhode IslandRhode Island

1. 1. William Sprague IV (R)

2. 2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

List of United States senators from South CarolinaSouth Carolina

1. 2. Thomas J. Robertson (R)

2. 3. Frederick A. Sawyer (R)

List of United States senators from TennesseeTennessee

1. 1. William G. Brownlow (R)

2. 2. Joseph S. Fowler (R)

List of United States senators from TexasTexas

1. 1. James W. Flanagan (R), from March 30, 1870

2. 2. Morgan C. Hamilton (R), from March 31, 1870

List of United States senators from VermontVermont

1. 1. George F. Edmunds (R)

2. 3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

List of United States senators from VirginiaVirginia

1. 1. John F. Lewis (R), from January 26, 1870

2. 2. John W. Johnston (D), from January 26, 1870

List of United States senators from West VirginiaWest Virginia

1. 1. Arthur I. Boreman (R)

2. 2. Waitman T. Willey (R)

List of United States senators from WisconsinWisconsin

1. 1. Matthew H. Carpenter (R)

2. 3. Timothy O. Howe (R)

House of Representatives

The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

List of United States representatives from AlabamaAlabama

1. . Alfred E. Buck (R)

2. . Charles W. Buckley (R)

3. . Robert S. Heflin (R)

4. . Charles Hays (R)

5. . Peter M. Dox (D)

6. . William C. Sherrod (D)

List of United States representatives from ArkansasArkansas

1. . Logan H. Roots (R)

2. . Anthony A. C. Rogers (D)

3. . Thomas Boles (R)

List of United States representatives from CaliforniaCalifornia

1. . Samuel B. Axtell (D)

2. . Aaron A. Sargent (R)

3. . James A. Johnson (D)

List of United States representatives from ConnecticutConnecticut

1. . Julius L. Strong (R)

2. . Stephen W. Kellogg (R)

3. . Henry H. Starkweather (R)

4. . William H. Barnum (D)

List of United States representatives from DelawareDelaware

1. . Benjamin T. Biggs (D)

List of United States representatives from FloridaFlorida

1. . Charles M. Hamilton (R)

List of United States representatives from GeorgiaGeorgia

1. . William W. Paine (D), from December 22, 1870

2. . Richard H. Whiteley (R), from December 22, 1870

3. . Marion Bethune (R), from December 22, 1870

4. . Jefferson F. Long (R), from January 16, 1871

5. . Stephen A. Corker (D), from January 24, 1871

6. . William P. Price (D), from December 22, 1870

7. . Pierce M. B. Young (D), from December 22, 1870

List of United States representatives from IllinoisIllinois

1. . Norman B. Judd (R)

2. . John F. Farnsworth (R)

3. . Elihu B. Washburne (R), until March 6, 1869

   1. Horatio C. Burchard (R), from December 6, 1869

   . John B. Hawley (R)

4. . Ebon C. Ingersoll (R)

5. . Burton C. Cook (R)

6. . Jesse H. Moore (R)

7. . Shelby M. Cullom (R)

8. . Thompson W. McNeely (D)

9. . Albert G. Burr (D)

10. . Samuel S. Marshall (D)

11. . John B. Hay (R)

12. . John M. Crebs (D)

13. . John A. Logan (R), until March 3, 1871

List of United States representatives from IndianaIndiana

1. . William E. Niblack (D)

2. . Michael C. Kerr (D)

3. . William S. Holman (D)

4. . George W. Julian (R)

5. . John Coburn (R)

6. . Daniel W. Voorhees (D)

7. . Godlove S. Orth (R)

8. . James N. Tyner (R)

9. . John P. C. Shanks (R)

10. . William Williams (R)

11. . Jasper Packard (R)

List of United States representatives from IowaIowa

1. . George W. McCrary (R)

2. . William Smyth (R), until September 30, 1870

   1. William P. Wolf (R), from December 6, 1870

   . William B. Allison (R)

3. . William Loughridge (R)

4. . Francis W. Palmer (R)

5. . Charles Pomeroy (R)

List of United States representatives from KansasKansas

1. . Sidney Clarke (R)

List of United States representatives from KentuckyKentucky

1. . Lawrence S. Trimble (D)

2. . William N. Sweeney (D)

3. . Jacob Golladay (D), until February 28, 1870

   1. Joseph H. Lewis (D), from May 10, 1870

   . J. Proctor Knott (D)

4. . Boyd Winchester (D)

5. . Thomas L. Jones (D)

6. . James B. Beck (D)

7. . George M. Adams (D)

8. . John M. Rice (D)

List of United States representatives from LouisianaLouisiana

1. . J. Hale Sypher (R), from November 7, 1870

2. . Lionel A. Sheldon (R)

3. . Chester B. Darrall (R)

4. . Joseph P. Newsham (R), from May 23, 1870

5. . Frank Morey (R)

List of United States representatives from MaineMaine

1. . John Lynch (R)

2. . Samuel P. Morrill (R)

3. . James G. Blaine (R)

4. . John A. Peters (R)

5. . Eugene Hale (R)

List of United States representatives from MarylandMaryland

1. . Samuel Hambleton (D)

2. . Stevenson Archer (D)

3. . Thomas Swann (D)

4. . Patrick Hamill (D)

5. . Frederick Stone (D)

List of United States representatives from MassachusettsMassachusetts

1. . James Buffington (R)

2. . Oakes Ames (R)

3. . Ginery Twichell (R)

4. . Samuel Hooper (R)

5. . Benjamin F. Butler (R)

6. . Nathaniel P. Banks (R)

7. . George S. Boutwell (R), until March 12, 1869

   1. George M. Brooks (R), from November 2, 1869

   . George F. Hoar (R)

8. . William B. Washburn (R)

9. . Henry L. Dawes (R)

List of United States representatives from MichiganMichigan

1. . Fernando C. Beaman (R)

2. . William L. Stoughton (R)

3. . Austin Blair (R)

4. . Thomas W. Ferry (R), until March 3, 1871

5. . Omar D. Conger (R)

6. . Randolph Strickland (R)

List of United States representatives from MinnesotaMinnesota

1. . Morton S. Wilkinson (R)

2. . Eugene M. Wilson (D)

List of United States representatives from MississippiMississippi

1. . George E. Harris (R), from February 23, 1870

2. . Joseph L. Morphis (R), from February 23, 1870

3. . Henry W. Barry (R), from April 8, 1870

4. . George C. McKee (R), from February 23, 1870

5. . Legrand W. Perce (R), from February 23, 1870

List of United States representatives from MissouriMissouri

1. . Erastus Wells (D)

2. . Gustavus A. Finkelnburg (R)

3. . James R. McCormick (D)

4. . Sempronius H. Boyd (R)

5. . Samuel S. Burdett (R)

6. . Robert T. Van Horn (R)

7. . Joel F. Asper (R)

8. . John F. Benjamin (R)

9. . David P. Dyer (R)

List of United States representatives from NebraskaNebraska

1. . John Taffe (R)

List of United States representatives from NevadaNevada

1. . Thomas Fitch (R)

List of United States representatives from New HampshireNew Hampshire

1. . Jacob H. Ela (R)

2. . Aaron F. Stevens (R)

3. . Jacob Benton (R)

List of United States representatives from New JerseyNew Jersey

1. . William Moore (R)

2. . Charles Haight (D)

3. . John T. Bird (D)

4. . John Hill (R)

5. . Orestes Cleveland (D)

List of United States representatives from New YorkNew York

1. . Henry A. Reeves (D)

2. . John G. Schumaker (D)

3. . Henry W. Slocum (D)

4. . John Fox (D)

5. . John Morrissey (D)

6. . Samuel S. Cox (D)

7. . Hervey C. Calkin (D)

8. . James Brooks (D)

9. . Fernando Wood (D)

10. . Clarkson N. Potter (D)

11. . George W. Greene (D), until February 17, 1870

    1. Charles H. Van Wyck (R), from February 17, 1870

    . John H. Ketcham (R)

12. . John A. Griswold (D)

13. . Stephen L. Mayham (D)

14. . Adolphus H. Tanner (R)

15. . Orange Ferriss (R)

16. . William A. Wheeler (R)

17. . Stephen Sanford (R)

18. . Charles Knapp (R)

19. . Addison H. Laflin (R)

20. . Alexander H. Bailey (R)

21. . John C. Churchill (R)

22. . Dennis McCarthy (R)

23. . George W. Cowles (R)

24. . William H. Kelsey (R)

25. . Giles W. Hotchkiss (R)

26. . Hamilton Ward Sr. (R)

27. . Noah Davis (R), until July 15, 1870

    1. Charles H. Holmes (R), from December 6, 1870

    . John Fisher (R)

28. . David S. Bennett (R)

29. . Porter Sheldon (R)

List of United States representatives from North CarolinaNorth Carolina

1. . Clinton L. Cobb (R)

2. . David Heaton (R), until June 25, 1870

   1. Joseph Dixon (R), from December 5, 1870

   . Oliver H. Dockery (R)

3. . John T. Deweese (R), until February 28, 1870

   1. John Manning Jr. (D), from December 7, 1870

   . Israel G. Lash (R)

4. . Francis E. Shober (D)

5. . Alexander H. Jones (R)

List of United States representatives from OhioOhio

1. . Peter W. Strader (D)

2. . Job E. Stevenson (R)

3. . Robert C. Schenck (R), until January 5, 1871

4. . William Lawrence (R)

5. . William Mungen (D)

6. . John A. Smith (R)

7. . James J. Winans (R)

8. . John Beatty (R)

9. . Edward F. Dickinson (D)

10. . Truman H. Hoag (D), until February 5, 1870

    1. Erasmus D. Peck (R), from April 23, 1870

    . John T. Wilson (R)

11. . Philadelph Van Trump (D)

12. . George W. Morgan (D)

13. . Martin Welker (R)

14. . Eliakim H. Moore (R)

15. . John Bingham (R)

16. . Jacob A. Ambler (R)

17. . William H. Upson (R)

18. . James A. Garfield (R)

List of United States representatives from OregonOregon

1. . Joseph S. Smith (D)

List of United States representatives from PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

1. . Samuel J. Randall (D)

2. . Charles O'Neill (R)

3. . John Moffet (D), until April 9, 1869

   1. Leonard Myers (R), from April 9, 1869

   . William D. Kelley (R)

4. . John R. Reading (D), until April 13, 1870

   1. Caleb N. Taylor (R), from April 13, 1870

   . John D. Stiles (D)

5. . Washington Townsend (R)

6. . J. Lawrence Getz (D)

7. . Oliver J. Dickey (R)

8. . Henry L. Cake (R)

9. . Daniel M. Van Auken (D)

10. . George W. Woodward (D)

11. . Ulysses Mercur (R)

12. . John B. Packer (R)

13. . Richard J. Haldeman (D)

14. . John Cessna (R)

15. . Daniel J. Morrell (R)

16. . William H. Armstrong (R)

17. . Glenni W. Scofield (R)

18. . Calvin W. Gilfillan (R)

19. . John Covode (R), February 9, 1870 – January 11, 1871

20. . James S. Negley (R)

21. . Darwin Phelps (R)

22. . Joseph B. Donley (R)

List of United States representatives from Rhode IslandRhode Island

1. . Thomas A. Jenckes (R)

2. . Nathan F. Dixon Jr. (R)

List of United States representatives from South CarolinaSouth Carolina

1. . B. Frank Whittemore (R), until February 24, 1870

   1. Joseph Rainey (R), from December 12, 1870

   . Christopher C. Bowen (R)

2. . Solomon L. Hoge (R), from April 8, 1869

3. . Alexander S. Wallace (R), from May 27, 1870

List of United States representatives from TennesseeTennessee

1. . Roderick R. Butler (R)

2. . Horace Maynard (R)

3. . William B. Stokes (R)

4. . Lewis Tillman (R)

5. . William F. Prosser (R)

6. . Samuel M. Arnell (R)

7. . Isaac R. Hawkins (R)

8. . William J. Smith (R)

List of United States representatives from TexasTexas

1. . George W. Whitmore (R), from March 30, 1870

2. . John C. Conner (D), from March 31, 1870

3. . William T. Clark (R), from March 31, 1870

4. . Edward Degener (R), from March 31, 1870

List of United States representatives from VermontVermont

1. . Charles W. Willard (R)

2. . Luke P. Poland (R)

3. . Worthington C. Smith (R)

List of United States representatives from VirginiaVirginia

1. . Richard S. Ayer (R), from January 31, 1870

2. . James H. Platt Jr. (R), from January 26, 1870

3. . Charles H. Porter (R), from January 26, 1870

4. . George Booker (C), from January 26, 1870

5. . Robert Ridgway (C), from January 27, 1870 – October 16, 1870

   1. Richard T. W. Duke (C), from November 8, 1870

   . William Milnes Jr. (C), from January 27, 1870

6. . Lewis McKenzie (C), from January 31, 1870

7. . James K. Gibson (C), from January 28, 1870

List of United States representatives from West VirginiaWest Virginia

1. . Isaac H. Duval (R)

2. . James C. McGrew (R)

3. . John Witcher (R)

List of United States representatives from WisconsinWisconsin

1. . Halbert E. Paine (R)

2. . Benjamin F. Hopkins (R), until January 1, 1870

   1. David Atwood (R), from February 23, 1870

   . Amasa Cobb (R)

3. . Charles A. Eldredge (D)

4. . Philetus Sawyer (R)

5. . Cadwallader C. Washburn (R)

Non-voting members

1. . Richard C. McCormick (D)

2. . Allen A. Bradford (R)

3. . Solomon L. Spink (R)

4. . Jacob K. Shafer (D)

5. . James M. Cavanaugh (D)

6. . J. Francisco Chaves (R)

7. . William H. Hooper (D)

8. . Selucius Garfielde (R)

9. . Stephen F. Nuckolls (D), from December 6, 1869

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

Replacements: 6

• Democratic: 1 seat net gain

• Republican: 1 seat net loss

  Deaths: 2

• Resignations:2

• Interim appointments: 2

• Seats of newly re-admitted states: 8

• Total seats with changes: 14

|- | Virginia (1) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Virginia re-admitted to the Union | nowrap | John F. Lewis (R) | rowspan=2 | January 26, 1870

|- | Virginia (2) | nowrap | John W. Johnston (D)

|- | Mississippi (1) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Mississippi re-admitted to the Union | nowrap | Adelbert Ames (R) | rowspan=2 | February 23, 1870

|- | Mississippi (2) | nowrap | Hiram R Revels (R)

|- | Texas (1) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Texas re-admitted to the Union | nowrap | James W. Flanagan (R) | March 30, 1870

|- | Texas (2) | nowrap | Morgan C. Hamilton (R) | March 31, 1870

|- | Georgia (3) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Georgia re-admitted to the Union | nowrap | Joshua Hill (R) | February 1, 1871

|- | Georgia (2) | nowrap | Homer V. M. Miller (D) | February 28, 1871

|- | Maine (2) | nowrap | William P. Fessenden (R) | Died September 8, 1869.Successor appointed October 30, 1869.Successor was subsequently elected January 19, 1870 to finish the term. | nowrap | Lot M. Morrill (R) | October 30, 1869

|- | Iowa (2) | nowrap | James W. Grimes (R) | Resigned December 6, 1869, because of failing health.Successor elected January 18, 1870. | nowrap | James B. Howell (R) | January 18, 1870

|- | Minnesota (2) | nowrap | Daniel S. Norton (R) | Died July 14, 1870.Successor appointed July 15, 1870. | nowrap | William Windom (R) | July 15, 1870

|- | Missouri (3) | nowrap | Charles D. Drake (R) | Resigned December 19, 1870, after being appointed chief justice of the United States Court of Claims.Successor appointed December 19, 1870. | nowrap | Daniel T. Jewett (R) | December 19, 1870

|- | Missouri (3) | nowrap | Daniel T. Jewett (R) | Interim appointee retired.Successor elected January 20, 1871. | nowrap | Francis P. Blair Jr. (D) | January 20, 1871

|- | Minnesota (2) | nowrap | William Windom (R) | Successor elected January 22, 1871. | nowrap | Ozora P. Stearns (R) | January 22, 1871

|}

House of Representatives

Replacements: 14

• Democratic: 3 seat net loss

• Republican: 3 seat net gain

• Conservative Party of Virginia: no net change

• Deaths: 6

• Resignations: 6

• Contested election: 8

• Seats of newly re-admitted states: 17

• Total seats with changes: 44

|- | | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Contested election with J.P. Reed. Reed was never seated. House declared Hoge entitled to seat. | nowrap | Solomon L. Hoge (R) | April 8, 1869 |- | | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Territory organized in previous congress and remained vacant until December 6, 1869 | nowrap | Stephen F. Nuckolls (D) | December 6, 1869 |- | | rowspan=8 | Vacant | rowspan=8 style="font-size:80%" | Virginia re-admitted into the Union | nowrap | James H. Platt Jr. (R) | rowspan=3 | January 26, 1870 |- | | nowrap | Charles H. Porter (R) |- | | nowrap | George Booker (C) |- | | nowrap | Robert Ridgway (C) | rowspan=2 | January 27, 1870 |- | | nowrap | William Milnes Jr. (C) |- | | nowrap | James K. Gibson (C) | January 28, 1870 |- | | nowrap | Richard S. Ayer (R) | rowspan=2 | January 31, 1870 |- | | nowrap | Lewis McKenzie (C) |- | | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Contested election with Henry D. Foster. House declared neither was entitled to seat. House then declared Covode duly elected February 9, 1870 | nowrap | John Covode (R) | February 9, 1870 |- | | rowspan=5 | Vacant | rowspan=5 style="font-size:80%" | Mississippi re-admitted into the Union | nowrap | George E. Harris (R) | rowspan=5 | February 23, 1870 |- | | nowrap | Joseph L. Morphis (R) |- | | nowrap | Henry W. Barry (R) |- | | nowrap | George C. McKee (R) |- | | nowrap | Legrand W. Perce (R) |- | | rowspan=4 | Vacant | rowspan=4 style="font-size:80%" | Texas re-admitted into the Union | nowrap | George W. Whitmore (R) | March 30, 1870 |- | | nowrap | John C. Conner (D) | rowspan=3 | March 31, 1870 |- | | nowrap | William T. Clark (R) |- | | nowrap | Edward Degener (R) |- | | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Contested election with Michael Ryan. House declared neither was entitled to seat. Elected to seat thus caused | nowrap | Joseph P. Newsham (R) | May 23, 1870 |- | | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Contested election with William D. Simpson. Simpson was never seated. House declared Wallace entitled to seat. | nowrap | Alexander S. Wallace (R) | May 27, 1870 |- | | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Contested election with Louis St. Martin. House declared neither was entitled to seat. Elected to seat thus caused | nowrap | J. Hale Sypher (R) | November 7, 1870 |- | | rowspan=7 | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy caused by House declaring Joseph W. Clift not entitled to seat | nowrap | William W. Paine (D) | rowspan=7 | December 22, 1870 |- | | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy caused by House declaring Nelson Tift not entitled to seat | nowrap | Richard H. Whiteley (R) |- | | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy caused by House declaring William P. Edwards not entitled to seat | nowrap | Marion Bethune (R) |- | | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy caused by House declaring Samuel F. Gove not entitled to seat | nowrap | Jefferson F. Long (R) |- | | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy caused by House declaring Charles H. Prince not entitled to seat | nowrap | Stephen A. Corker (D) |- | | style="font-size:80%" | Failure to elect | nowrap | William P. Price (D) |- | | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy caused by House declaring Pierce M. B. Young not entitled to seat. He was subsequently elected to fill the vacancy thus caused | nowrap | Pierce M. B. Young (D) |- | | nowrap | Elihu B. Washburne (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 6, 1869, after being appointed United States Secretary of State | nowrap | Horatio C. Burchard (R) | December 6, 1869 |- | | nowrap | George S. Boutwell (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 12, 1869, after being appointed United States Secretary of the Treasury | nowrap | George M. Brooks (R) | November 2, 1869 |- | | nowrap | John Moffet (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election April 9, 1869 | nowrap | Leonard Myers (R) | April 9, 1869 |- | | nowrap | Benjamin F. Hopkins (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 1, 1870 | nowrap | David Atwood (R) | February 23, 1870 |- | | nowrap | Truman H. Hoag (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died February 5, 1870 | nowrap | Erasmus D. Peck (R) | April 23, 1870 |- | | nowrap | George W. Greene (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election February 17, 1870 | nowrap | Charles Van Wyck (R) | February 17, 1870 |- | | nowrap | Benjamin F. Whittemore (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 24, 1870, pending an investigation of certain appointments to the US Military and Naval Academies | nowrap | Joseph Rainey (R) | December 12, 1870 |- | | nowrap | Jacob Golladay (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 28, 1870 | nowrap | Joseph H. Lewis (D) | May 10, 1870 |- | | nowrap | John T. Deweese (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 28, 1870, pending an investigation of certain appointments to the US Military and Naval Academies | nowrap | John Manning Jr. (D) | December 7, 1870 |- | | nowrap | John R. Reading (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election April 13, 1870 | nowrap | Caleb N. Taylor (R) | April 13, 1870 |- | | nowrap | David Heaton (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died June 25, 1870 | nowrap | Joseph Dixon (R) | December 5, 1870 |- | | nowrap | Noah Davis (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 15, 1870, before being appointed U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York | nowrap | Charles H. Holmes (R) | December 6, 1870 |- | | nowrap | William Smyth (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 30, 1870 | nowrap | William P. Wolf (R) | December 6, 1870 |- | | nowrap | Robert Ridgway (C) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 16, 1870 | nowrap | Richard T. W. Duke (C) | November 8, 1870 |- | | nowrap | Robert C. Schenck (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 5, 1871, after being appointed U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | | nowrap | John Covode (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 11, 1871 | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | | nowrap | John A. Logan (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned at end of congress March 3, 1871, after being elected to the US Senate for the following term | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | | nowrap | Thomas W. Ferry (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned at end of congress March 3, 1871, after being elected to the US Senate for the following term | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |}

Committees

Senate

• Agriculture (Chairman: Simon Cameron; Ranking Member: Abijah Gilbert)

• Appropriations (Chairman: Lot M. Morrill; Ranking Member: William Sprague IV)

• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Orris S. Ferry; Ranking Member: Garrett Davis)

• Claims (Chairman: Timothy O. Howe; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Robertson)

• Commerce (Chairman: Zachariah Chandler; Ranking Member: Roscoe Conkling)

• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

• District of Columbia (Chairman: James W. Patterson; Ranking Member: John S. Harris)

• Education (Chairman: Frederick A. Sawyer; Ranking Member: Henry W. Corbett)

• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: William A. Buckingham; Ranking Member: Daniel S. Norton)

• Finance (Chairman: John Sherman; Ranking Member: Willard Warner)

• Foreign Relations (Chairman: Charles Sumner; Ranking Member: Oliver P. Morton)

• Indian Affairs (Chairman: James Harlan; Ranking Member: William A. Buckingham)

• Judiciary (Chairman: Lyman Trumbull; Ranking Member: Benjamin F. Rice)

• Manufactures (Chairman: Oliver P. Morton; Ranking Member: Arthur I. Boreman)

• Memorial of Davis Hatch (Select)

• Military Affairs and the Militia (Chairman: Henry Wilson; Ranking Member: John M. Thayer)

• Mines and Mining (Chairman: William M. Stewart; Ranking Member: Edmund G. Ross)

• Mississippi River Levee System (Select)

• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Aaron H. Cragin; Ranking Member: Charles D. Drake)

• Ordnance and War Ships (Select)

• Outrages in Southern States (Select)

• Pacific Railroad (Chairman: Jacob M. Howard; Ranking Member: Charles D. Drake)

• Patents (Chairman: Waitman T. Willey; Ranking Member: Thomas W. Osborn)

• Pensions (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: William G. Brownlow)

• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Alexander Ramsey; Ranking Member: Cornelius Cole)

• Private Land Claims (Chairman: George H. Williams; Ranking Member: William P. Kellogg)

• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Adolphus H. Tanner)

• Public Lands (Chairman: Samuel C. Pomeroy; Ranking Member: Willard Warner)

• Removal of Political Disabilities (Select) (Chairman: Henry B. Anthony; Ranking Member: Orris S. Ferry)

• Retrenchment (Chairman: John S. Harris; Ranking Member: Carl Schurz)

• Revision of the Laws (Chairman: Roscoe Conkling; Ranking Member: John Pool)

• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Richard Yates; Ranking Member: William G. Brownlow)

• Rules (Select)

• Tariff Regulation (Select)

• Territories (Chairman: James W. Nye; Ranking Member: Jacob M. Howard)

• Traffic with Rebels in Texas (Select)

• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Henry L. Cake; Ranking Member: Aaron A. Sargent)

• Agriculture (Chairman: John T. Wilson; Ranking Member: Jacob Benton)

• Appropriations (Chairman: Henry L. Dawes; Ranking Member: Aaron A. Sargent)

• Banking and Currency (Chairman: James A. Garfield; Ranking Member: John B. Packer)

• Claims (Chairman: William B. Washburn; Ranking Member: Jacob H. Ela)

• Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: William D. Kelley; Ranking Member: Noah Davis)

• Commerce (Chairman: Nathan F. Dixon; Ranking Member: David S. Bennett)

• District of Columbia (Chairman: Burton C. Cook; Ranking Member: Charles M. Hamilton)

• Education and Labor (Chairman: Samuel M. Arnell; Ranking Member: Samuel S. Burdett)

• Elections (Chairman: Halbert E. Paine; Ranking Member: Job E. Stevenson)

• Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Jacob H. Ela; Ranking Member: Peter W. Strader)

• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: John Lynch; Ranking Member: Patrick Hamill)

• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William Moore; Ranking Member: John F. Benjamin)

• Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Alexander H. Bailey; Ranking Member: John D. Stiles)

• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Samuel J. Randall)

• Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: William Williams; Ranking Member: Clinton L. Cobb)

• Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: John C. Churchill; Ranking Member: Truman H. Hoag)

• Freedmen's Affairs (Chairman: Oliver H. Dockery; Ranking Member: John B. Hawley)

• Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Nathaniel P. Banks; Ranking Member: Charles W. Willard)

• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Sidney Clarke; Ranking Member: John T. Deweese)

• Invalid Pensions (Chairman: John F. Benjamin; Ranking Member: Christopher C. Bowen)

• Judiciary (Chairman: John A. Bingham; Ranking Member: Ulysses Mercur)

• Manufactures (Chairman: Daniel J. Morrell; Ranking Member: William H. Upson)

• Mileage (Chairman: Isaac R. Hawkins; Ranking Member: Job E. Stevenson)

• Military Affairs (Chairman: John A. Logan; Ranking Member: John S. Witcher)

• Militia (Chairman: John P. C. Shanks; Ranking Member: Eliakim H. Moore)

• Mines and Mining (Chairman: Orange Ferriss; Ranking Member: Isaac H. Duval)

• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Glenni W. Scofield; Ranking Member: George W. McCrary)

• Pacific Railroads (Chairman: William A. Wheeler; Ranking Member: Logan H. Roots)

• Patents (Chairman: Thomas A. Jenckes; Ranking Member: James A. Johnson)

• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John F. Farnsworth; Ranking Member: James N. Tyner)

• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Godlove Stein Orth; Ranking Member: Cadwallader C. Washburn)

• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: John Beatty)

• Public Expenditures (Chairman: John Coburn)

• Public Lands (Chairman: George W. Julian; Ranking Member: James J. Winans)

• Railways and Canals (Chairman: Ebon C. Ingersoll; Ranking Member: William F. Prosser)

• Revision of Laws (Chairman: Luke P. Poland; Ranking Member: George F. Hoar)

• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Sempronius H. Boyd; Ranking Member: Alexander H. Jones)

• Revolutionary Pensions and War of 1812 (Chairman: Charles W. Willard; Ranking Member: Roderick R. Butler)

• Rules (Select) (Chairman: Schuyler Colfax; Ranking Member: James A. Garfield)

• Standards of Official Conduct

• Territories (Chairman: Shelby M. Cullom; Ranking Member: Eliakim H. Moore)

• Ways and Means (Chairman: Samuel Hooper; Ranking Member: James Brooks)

• Whole

Joint committees

• Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep. John Beatty; Vice Chairman: Rep. Joseph C. Abbott)

• The Library (Chairman: Rep. John A. Peters; Vice Chairman: Rep. George A. Woodward)

• Printing (Chairman: Rep. Addison H. Laflin; Vice Chairman: Rep. William Mungen)

• Retrenchment (Chairman: Rep. Martin Welker; Vice Chairman: Rep. Thomas A. Jenckes)

Caucuses

• Democratic (House)

• Democratic (Senate)

Employees

List of federal agencies in the United States#United States CongressLegislative branch agency directors

• Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark

• Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford

Senate

• Chaplain: John P. Newman (Methodist)

• Secretary: George C. Gorham

Sergeant at Arms: George T. Brown, until March 22, 1869

• John R. French, elected March 22, 1869

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: John G. Butler (Presbyterian)

• Clerk: Edward McPherson

• Clerk at the Speaker's Table: John M. Barclay

• Doorkeeper: Otis S. Buxton

• Postmaster: William S. King

• Reading Clerks: Charles N. Clisbee (D) and William K. Mehaffey (R)

• Sergeant at Arms: Nehemiah G. Ordway

See also

1868 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)

• 1868 United States presidential election

• 1868–69 United States Senate elections

• 1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections

1870 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)

• 1870–71 United States Senate elections

• 1870–71 United States House of Representatives elections

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

• U.S. House of Representatives: House History

• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists