Aliyev (sometimes spelled Aliev, Aliew, Aliyew, Eliyev, or Iliyev; , , ), Aliyeva for females, is a surname originating from the Caucasus and Central Asia. The surname is a Russian-language patronymic derivation from both Hebrew and the Arabic male given names. Three district sources linked to modern day Aliyev surname in Azerbaijan. Aliyah meaning "ascent" in Hebrew, Ali meaning "highness" in Arabic and Eli meaning "My God" in Hebrew.

Notable people with the surname include:

Aliyev

• Abulfaz Aliyev (1938-2000), former President of Azerbaijan commonly referred to as Abulfaz Elchibey

• Ali Aliyev (boxer), a Russian amateur boxer

• Ali Aliyev (footballer) a Kazakh footballer

• Aydin Aliyev, Chairman of the State Customs Committee of Azerbaijan Republic

• Aziz Aliyev, politician, scientist, and member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, father-in-law of Heydar Aliyev and maternal grandfather of Azerbaijan's current President Ilham Aliyev

• Heydar Aliyev (1923–2003), former President of Azerbaijan

• Igrar Aliyev, Azerbaijani historian

• Ilham Aliyev (born 1961), current President of Azerbaijan, son of Heydar Aliyev

• Mamed Aliyev (1934 - 2004 ), was a recipient of the Order of the Badge of Honour, an Honorary Railwayman Badge of the USSR, and a Veteran of Labour

• Mirzaagha Aliyev, Azerbaijani actor

• Mukhu Aliyev, president of the Republic of Dagestan

• Natig Aliyev, politician, Minister of Industry and Energy of Azerbaijan

• Oleksandr Aliyev, Ukrainian footballer

• Rakhat Aliyev, former First Vice Foreign Minister of Kazakhstan and son-in-law of President

• Rauf Aliyev (born 1989), Azerbaijani footballer

• Tofig Aliyev (born 2004), Azerbaijani trampolinist

• Yashar Aliyev, Azerbaijan's current ambassador to the United States

• Vagif Aliyev, Mayor of Sumgayit, Azerbaijan

• Salau Aliyev, Kumyk politician

Aliev

• Dmitri Aliev, Russian figure skater

Aliyew

• Illya Aliyew, Belorussian football player

Aliyeva

• Aysun Aliyeva (born 1997), Azerbaijani women's footballer

• Dilara Aliyeva, Azerbaijani women's rights activist

• Hokuma Aliyeva (1991–2024), Azerbaijani flight attendant, recognised as a National Hero of Azerbaijan

• Kamila Aliyeva, Azerbaijani politician

• Mehriban Aliyeva, current First Lady of Azerbaijan

• Nargiz Aliyeva (born 2002), Azerbaijani women's footballer

• Saadat Aliyeva

• Ulduz Rafili-Aliyeva, Azerbaijani theatre director

• Alena Aliyeva, The wife of Heydar Aliyev, the son of the President of Azerbaijan

Alieva

• Dinara Alieva (born 1980), Azerbaijani and Russian opera singer

• Marina Alieva, Russian female singer, actress, dancer and songwriter