Bessey system on arvau

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A system of plant taxonomy, the Bessey system was published by Charles Bessey in 1915.

Description

Bessey based his system on the tradition of de Candolle, Bentham and Hooker and Hallier. He was also influenced by Darwin and Wallace. He taught that taxonomy must be based on evolutionary principles. Like Wettstein he placed the Ranales at the origin of Angiospermae.

He considered Spermatophyta as having a polyphyletic origin, being made up of three different phyla, of which he only treated Anthophyta (syn.: Angiosperms). In that he used the same names for the subclasses of both monocotyledons and dicotyledons, this is contrary to contemporary rules on plant nomenclature that require names to be unique. However Bessey actually used a qualifying hyphenation (Alternifoliae-Strobiloideae and Oppositifoliae-Strobiloideae), a distinction not always recognised in reference to this scheme. With some modifications, most modern classifications - for example, those of Cronquist (1981, 1983, 1988), Takhtajan (1969, 1980, 1983, 1991), Stebbins (1974), R. Dahlgren (1975, 1980, 1983; R. Dahlgren et al. 1981; R. Dahlgren and F. N. Rasmussen 1983; R. Dahlgren and K. Bremer 1985; G. Dahlgren 1989), and Thorne (1976, 1981, 1983, 1992) - follow the Bessey tradition.

Summary

phylum Angiospermae
1. 1 classis Alternifoliae syn.:Monocotyledoneae
2. 2 classis Oppositifoliae syn.: Dicotyledoneae

Alternifoliae

1 classis Alternifoliae syn.:Monocotyledoneae
1. 1 subclassis Alternifoliae-Strobiloideae
  1. 1. ordo Alismatales
      ordo Liliales
      1. Liliaceae
      2. Stemonaceae
      3. Pontederiaceae
      4. Cyanastraceae
      5. Philydraceae
      6. Commelinaceae
      7. Xyridaceae
      8. Mayacaceae
      9. Juncaceae
      10. Eriocaulaceae as Eriocaulonaceae [sic]
      11. Thurniaceae
      12. Rapateaceae
      13. Najadaceae as Naiadaceae [sic]
      ordo Arales
      ordo Palmales
      1. Palmae as Palmaceae [sic]
      ordo Graminales
  2 subclassis Cotyloideae
  1. 1. ordo Hydrales
      1. Vallisneriaceae syn.: Hydrocharitaceae
      ordo Iridales
      ordo Orchidales
      1. Burmanniaceae
      2. Orchidaceae

Oppositifoliae

2 classis Oppositifoliae syn.: Dicotyledoneae
1. 1 subclassis Oppositifoliae-Strobiloideae
  1. 1 superordo Apopetalae-Polycarpellatae
    1. ordo Ranales
      1. Magnoliaceae
      2. Calycanthaceae
      3. Monimiaceae
      4. Cercidiphyllaceae
      5. Trochodendraceae
      6. Leitneriaceae
      7. Annonaceae as Anonaceae [sic]
      8. Lactoridaceae
      9. Gomortegaceae
      10. Myristicaceae
      11. Saururaceae
      12. Piperaceae
      13. Lacistemaceae
      14. Chloranthaceae
      15. Ranunculaceae
      16. Lardizabalaceae
      17. Berberidaceae
      18. Menispermaceae
      19. Lauraceae
      20. Nelumbonaceae as Nelumbaceae [sic]
      21. Cabombaceae
      22. Ceratophyllaceae
      23. Dilleniaceae
      24. Winteraceae as Winteranaceae [sic]
      ordo Malvales
      1. Sterculiaceae
      2. Malvaceae
      3. Bombacaceae as Bombaceae [sic]
      4. Scytopetalaceae
      5. Chlaenaceae syn.: Sarcolaenaceae
      6. Gonystylaceae
      7. Tiliaceae
      8. Elaeocarpaceae
      9. Balanopaceae as Balanopsidaceae [sic]
      10. Ulmaceae
      11. Moraceae
      12. Urticaceae
      ordo Sarraceniales
      1. Sarraceniaceae
      2. Nepenthaceae
      ordo Geraniales
      1. Geraniaceae
      2. Oxalidaceae
      3. Tropaeolaceae
      4. Balsaminaceae
      5. Limnanthaceae
      6. Linaceae
      7. Humiriaceae
      8. Rutaceae
      9. Simaroubaceae as Simarubaceae [sic]
      10. Burseraceae
      11. Meliaceae
      12. Malpighiaceae
      13. Trigoniaceae
      14. Vochysiaceae
      15. Polygalaceae
      16. Tremandraceae
      17. Dichapetalaceae
      18. Euphorbiaceae
      19. Callitrichaceae
      ordo Guttiferales
      1. Theaceae
      2. Cistaceae
      3. Guttiferae as Guttiferaceae [sic]
      4. Eucryphiaceae
      5. Ochnaceae
      6. Dipterocarpaceae
      7. Caryocaraceae
      8. Quiinaceae
      9. Marcgraviaceae
      10. Flacourtiaceae
      11. Bixaceae
      12. Cochlospermaceae
      13. Violaceae
      14. Malesherbiaceae
      15. Turneraceae
      16. Passifloraceae
      17. Achariaceae
      18. Caricaceae
      19. Stachyuraceae
      20. Koeberliniaceae
      ordo Rhoeadales
      1. Papaveraceae
      2. Tovariaceae
      3. Nymphaeaceae
      4. Moringaceae
      5. Resedaceae
      6. Capparaceae as Capparidaceae [sic]
      7. Brassicaceae
      ordo Caryophyllales
      1. Caryophyllaceae
      2. Elatinaceae
      3. Portulacaceae
      4. Aizoaceae
      5. Frankeniaceae
      6. Tamaricaceae
      7. Salicaceae
      8. Podostemaceae as Podostemonaceae [sic]
      9. Hydrostachyaceae as Hydrostachydaceae [sic]
      10. Phytolaccaceae
      11. Basellaceae
      12. Amaranthaceae
      13. Chenopodiaceae
      14. Polygonaceae
      15. Nyctaginaceae
      16. Cynocrambaceae syn.: Theligonaceae
      17. Bataceae as Batidaceae [sic]
    2 superordo Sympetalae-Polycarpellatae
    1. ordo Ebenales
      ordo Ericales
      ordo Primulales
    3 superordo Sympetalae-Dicarpellatae
    1. ordo Gentianales
      ordo Polemoniales
      1. Polemoniaceae
      2. Convolvulaceae
      3. Hydrophyllaceae
      4. Boraginaceae as Borraginaceae
      5. Nolanaceae
      6. Solanaceae
      ordo Scrophulariales
  2 subclassis Cotyloideae
  1. 1 superordo Apopetalae
    1. ordo Rosales
      ordo Myrtales
      ordo Loasales
      ordo Cactales
      1. Cactaceae
      ordo Celastrales
      ordo Sapindales
      ordo Apiales as Umbellales
    2 superordo Sympetalae
    1. ordo Rubiales
      ordo Campanulales
      ordo Asterales

References

Bibliography

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