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Wikipedia / Haminoeidae

Haminoeidae, commonly known as the haminoeid bubble snail family, is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Haminoeoidea.

The name of this family has long been controversial, and used to be Atyidae or Atydidae. Another, but incorrect, spelling was Haminaeidae (See (ICZN) 2000. Opinion 1942).

A number of genera have been proposed for this family, but the species are hard to identify (or sometimes impossible to identify) by looking only at the external characteristics. Until the internal anatomy of 'wet' specimens has been fully described, the status of many of the genera listed here is uncertain.

Distribution

These bubble snails occur in all warm or temperate seas.

Habitat

These are sand dwellers or they live on muddy bottoms, in bays, estuaries, and close to the shore in tidepools.

Description of the live animal

These are colorful snails, that can partially take the color of the sea floor.

Their large cephalic shield is rounded at the front, but deeply lobed behind. The mantle protrudes behind the shell. The shell is partially or completely enfolded by lateral parapodial (=fleshy winglike outgrowths) lobes.

Shell description

Their shell varies in size according to the species, from 3mm to 30mm.

The shell is ovoid, thin and translucent. It may be smooth or have spiral grooves (striae). The umbilical apex is sunken or enclosed and no longer visible. Large body whorl with fine spiral striations. Smooth columella. The thin outer lip of the aperture extends beyond the apex of the shell and is thus longer than the body whorl. The aperture narrows posteriorly and is wider anteriorly.

Ecology

These snails are herbivorous. Their diet consists of various kinds of green algae. They can survive in brackish water.

They are hermaphrodites. Their eggss are deposited in round or oval jellylike strings, attached to eelgrass or sand.

Atys naucum and Atys cylindricum are known to show biological fluorescence.

Genera and species

Genera within the family Haminoeidae include:

  • Aliculastrum Pilsbry, 1896

  • Atys Montfort, 1810

  • Bakawan Oskars & Malaquias, 2019

  • Bullacta Bergh, 1901 - with the only species: Bullacta exarata (Philippi, 1849)

  • Confettiella Oskars, 2024

  • Cylichnatys Kuroda & Habe, 1952

  • Diniatys Iredale, 1936

  • Haloa Pilsbry, 1921

  • Haminella Thiele, 1925

  • Haminoea Turton & Kingston in Carrington, 1830

  • Lamprohaminoea Habe, 1952

  • Liloa Pilsbry, 1921

  • Papawera Oskars & Malaquias, 2019

  • Phanerophthalmus A. Adams, 1850

  • Roxaniella Monterosato, 1884

  • Sericohaminoea Habe, 1952: synonym of Haloa Pilsbry, 1921

  • Smaragdinella A. Adams, 1848

  • Vellicolla Oskars, Too, Rees, P. M. Mikkelsen, Willassen & Malaquias, 2019

  • Weinkauffia Monterosato, 1884

  • Genera brought into synonymy:

  • Alicula Ehrenberg, 1831: synonym of Aliculastrum Pilsbry, 1896 (invalid: junior homonym of Alicula Eichwald, 1830; Aliculastrum is a replacement name)

  • Atyscaphander Annandale, 1924: synonym of Bullacta Bergh, 1901

  • Austrocylichna Burn, 1974: synonym of Roxaniella Monterosato, 1884

  • Cryptophthalmus Ehrenberg, 1828: synonym of Phanerophthalmus A. Adams, 1850 (invalid: junior homonym of Cryptophthalmus Rafinesque, 1814 [Crustacea]; Lathophthalmus is a replacement name)

  • Dinia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of Diniatys Iredale, 1936

  • Glauconella Gray, 1850: synonym of Smaragdinella A. Adams, 1848

  • Haminaea Gray, 1847: synonym of Haminoea Turton & Kingston in Carrington, 1830

  • Haminoeatys Is. Taki, 1951: synonym of Liloa Pilsbry, 1921 (unavailable name: nomen nudum)

  • Lathophthalmus Pruvot-Fol, 1932: synonym of Phanerophthalmus A. Adams, 1850

  • Limulatys Iredale, 1936: synonym of Weinkauffia Weinkauff, 1873

  • Linteria A. Adams, 1850: synonym of Smaragdinella A. Adams, 1848

  • Micraenigma S. S. Berry, 1953: synonym of Diniatys Iredale, 1936

  • Naucum Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Atys Montfort, 1810 (objective synonym)

  • Nipponatys Habe, 1952; synonym of Aliculastrum Pilsbry, 1896

  • Parahaminoea Kuroda & Habe, 1952: synonym of Haloa Pilsbry, 1921 (unavailable name: no diagnosis)

  • Penthominea Iredale, 1929: synonym of Haloa Pilsbry, 1921

  • Sao H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of Pyrunculus Pilsbry, 1895

  • Sinohaminea Tchang, 1933: synonym of Bullacta Bergh, 1901

  • Tepidatys Iredale, 1936: synonym of Weinkauffia Weinkauff, 1873

  • Sphaeratys F. Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of Oxygyrus Benson, 1835

  • Vitreohaminoea T. Habe, 1952: synonym of Haloa Pilsbry, 1921 (junior subjective synonym)

  • Xanthonella Gray, 1850: synonym of Phanerophthalmus A. Adams, 1850

  • Brought to another family:

  • Micratys Habe, 1952: belongs to the family [unassigned] Cephalaspidea

  • Mimatys Habe, 1952: belongs to the family Alacuppidae.

  • Mnestia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; belongs to the family Mnestiidae

Genus Diniatys

  • Diniatys dentifer A. Adams, 1850 - Distribution: Indo-Pacific, Length : 10mm, Description : this herbivore is found on the bluegreen algae Lyngbya majuscula, Schizothrix and Hormothamnion. There is a pointed projection on the columella. The color varies between green and various shades of brown. The two black eyes are on the back of the cephalic shield.

Diniatys monodonta A. Adams, 1850

  • Distribution: Japan

Genus Haloa

Haloa binotata (H. A. Pilsbry, 1895)

  • Distribution : Indo Pacific

Haloa constricta A. Adams, 1850

  • Distribution : Japan

Haloa crocata W. H. Pease, 1860

  • Distribution : Hawaii

Haloa flavescens (A. Adams, 1850)

  • Distribution : Indo Pacific

Haloa fusca W. H. Pease, 1863

  • Distribution : Indo Pacific

Haloa japonica H. A. Pilsbry, 1895 Japanese paper-bubble

  • Distribution : Indo Pacific, Japan

  • Length : 10mm

  • Description : species with beautiful colors : glassy white background with tiny white spots and dark patches with orange dots.

Haloa kawamurai T. Habe, 1950

  • Distribution : Indo Pacific

Haloa margaritoides T. Kuroda & T. Habe, 1971

  • Distribution : Japan

  • Length : 7mm

  • Description : intertidal among seaweeds

Haloa nigripunctata W. H. Pease, 1868

  • Distribution : Japan

Haloa rotundata A. Adams, 1850

  • Distribution : Japan

Haloa vitrea (A. Adams, 1850)

  • Distribution : Japan

Haloa yamaguchii T. Habe, 1952

  • Distribution : Indo Pacific

Genus Hamineobulla Habe, 1950 (incertae sedis; may be belong to the family Bullidae)

Hamineobulla kawamurai Habe, 1950

  • Distribution : Okinawa

  • Length : 6mm

  • Description : brown animal with short cephalic shield; on the shell there are a few transverse rows with brighter dots

  • Genus Liloa Pilsbry, 1921

Since most of these bubble snails were named on the basis of the shell alone, the occurrence of synonyms among the following species is quite possible.

Liloa brevis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)

  • Distribution : Australia

  • Description : elongate body; parapodial flaps cover only the front of the thin, fragile shell

Liloa curta (A. Adams, 1850)

  • Distribution : Western Pacific

  • Description : elongate body; the color can vary from a few dark spots on a translucent body, to almost completely dark.

Liloa incisula Yokoyama, 1928

  • Distribution : Japan

Liloa laeta A. A. Gould, 1859

  • Distribution : Indo Pacific

Liloa nipponensis Nomura & Hatai, 1940

  • Distribution : Japan

Liloa porcellana A. A. Gould, 1859

  • Distribution : Japan

Liloa tomaculum H. A. Pilsbry, 1951

  • Distribution : Hawaiian Islands

Liloa translucens A. Adams, 1862

  • Distribution : Japan

Genus Limulatys Iredale, 1936

Limulatys constrictus T. Habe, 1952

  • Distribution : Indo Pacific

  • Length : 16mm

Limulatys crassilabris (J. Thiele, 1925)

  • Distribution : S.E. Asia, Thailand

  • Length : 8mm

Limulatys fusiformis T. Habe, 1952

  • Distribution : Japan

Limulatys muscarius A. A. Gould, 1859

  • Distribution : Indo Pacific, Philippines

Limulatys okamotoi T. Habe, 1952

  • Distribution : Indo Pacific

Limulatys ooformis T. Habe, 1964 Egg-shaped Bubble

  • Distribution : Indo Pacific, Philippines, Thailand

  • Length : 20mm

Limulatys okamotoi Habe, 1952

  • Distribution : Philippines

  • Length : 9mm

Limulatys reliquus Iredale, 1936

  • Distribution : New Zealand

Limulatys scobriculatus A. Adams, 1862

  • Distribution : Japan

Limulatys tortuosus A. Adams, 1850

  • Distribution : Japan

Genus Micratys Habe, 1952

Micratys ovum T. Habe, 1952

  • Distribution : Japan, Philippines

  • Length : 2mm

Genus Mimatys Habe, 1952

Mimatys fukuokaensis T. Habe, 1952

  • Distribution : Japan, Philippines

  • Length : 2.5mm

Genus Nipponatys Kurida & Habe, 1952

Nipponatys amakusaensis T. Habe & Kikuchi, 1960

Nipponatys volvulina A. Adams, 1862

Genus Ventomnestia

Ventomnestia villica (Gould, 1859) (may be a synonym of Ventomnestia bizona)

  • Distribution : Guam

  • Length : 5.5mm

  • Description : a bubble snail with a great variation in color, from white to brown, but always with a characteristic pattern; heavy shell; radula formula : 2.1.2;

Genus Weinkauffia A. Adams, 1858

Weinkauffia diaphana A. Aradas & Maggiore, 1839

  • Distribution : West Africa

  • Description : has similar gizzard plates as Atys multistriatus

Weinkauffia turgidula Forbes, 1844

  • Distribution : Adriatic Sea, Malta, Turkey

  • Length : 5mm

  • Description : fossils of this species have been found in sediments of Pliocene age in Italy.

References

  • Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp