Wikipedia / Cronquist system
Wikipedia / Cronquist system
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) and An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) (see Bibliography).
Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two broad classes, Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) and Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Within these classes, related orders are grouped into subclasses. While the scheme was widely used, in either the original form or in adapted versions, many botanists now use the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants, first developed in 1998. The system as laid out in Cronquist's An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) counts 64 orders and 321 families in class Magnoliopsida and 19 orders and 65 families in class Liliopsida.
The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants 1968 (monocots)
Class Liliatae (Monocotyledoneae)
Subclass Alismatidae (4 orders)
Order Alismatales
Order Hydrocharitales
Order Najadales
Order Triuridales
Subclass Commelinidae (8 orders)
Order Commelinales
Order Eriocaulales
Order Restionales
Order Juncales
Order Cyperales
Order Typhales
Order Bromeliales
Order Zingiberales
Subclass Arecidae (4 orders)
Order Arecales
Order Cyclanthales
Order Pandanales
Order Arales
Subclass Liliidae (2 orders)
Order Liliales
Family Philydraceae
Family Pontederiaceae
Family Liliaceae (Alluaceae, Alstroemeriaceae, Aphyllanthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Colchicaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Melanthiaceae, Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae, Ruscaceae, Trilliaceae)
Family Iridaceae
Family Agavaceae
Family Xanthorrhoeaceae
Family Velloziaceae
Family Haemodoraceae (Tecophilaeceae)
Family Taccaceae
Family Cyanastraceae
Family Stemonaceae (Roxburghiaceae)
Family Smilacaceae
Family Dioscoreaceae (Stenomeridaceae, Trichopodaceae)
Order Orchidales
Family Geosiridaceae
Family Burmanniaceae (Thismiaceae)
Family Corsiaceae
Family Orchidaceae (Apostasiaceae)
An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants 1981
Class Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
Subclass Magnoliidae (mostly basal dicots)
Order Magnoliales
Magnoliaceae (magnolia family)
Order Laurales
Idiospermaceae (now part of Calycanthaceae)
Lauraceae (laurel family)
Order Piperales
Piperaceae (pepper family)
Order Aristolochiales
Order Illiciales
Order Nymphaeales
Nelumbonaceae (lotus family)
Nymphaeaceae (waterlily family)
Order Ranunculales
Ranunculaceae (buttercup family)
Order Papaverales
Papaveraceae (poppy family)
Subclass Hamamelidae [sic: correctly Hamamelididae]
Order Trochodendrales
Order Hamamelidales
Order Daphniphyllales
Order Didymelales
Order Eucommiales
Order Urticales
Cannabaceae (cannabis family)
Moraceae (mulberry family)
Order Leitneriales
Order Juglandales
Order Myricales
Order Fagales
Order Casuarinales
Subclass Caryophyllidae
Order Caryophyllales
Cactaceae (cactus family)
Order Polygonales
Order Plumbaginales
Subclass Dilleniidae
Order Dilleniales
Order Theales
Theaceae (tea family)
Actinidiaceae (kiwi family)
Order Malvales
Malvaceae (mallow family)
Order Lecythidales
Order Nepenthales
Order Violales
Cistaceae (rock rose family)
Violaceae (violet family)
Tamaricaceae (tamarix family)
Passifloraceae (passionflower family)
Caricaceae (papaya family)
Cucurbitaceae (squash family)
Order Salicales
Order Capparales
Brassicaceae (mustard family)
Order Batales
Order Ericales
Order Diapensiales
Order Ebenales
Order Primulales
Primulaceae (primula family)
Subclass Rosidae
Order Rosales
Rosaceae (rose family)
Order Fabales
Mimosaceae (mimosa family)
Fabaceae (legume/pea family)
Order Proteales
Order Podostemales
Order Haloragales
Order Myrtales
Myrtaceae (myrtle family)
Order Rhizophorales
Order Cornales
Order Santalales
Order Rafflesiales
Rafflesiaceae (rafflesia family)
Order Celastrales
Order Euphorbiales
Buxaceae (box family)
Order Rhamnales
Vitaceae (grape family)
Order Linales
Order Polygalales
Order Sapindales
Anacardiaceae (cashew family)
Rutaceae (citrus family)
Order Geraniales
Order Apiales
Apiaceae (carrot family)
Subclass Asteridae
Order Gentianales
Order Solanales
Solanaceae (nightshade/tomato family)
Order Lamiales
Lamiaceae (mint family)
Order Callitrichales
Order Plantaginales
Order Scrophulariales
Oleaceae (olive family)
Order Campanulales
Campanulaceae (bell flower family)
Order Rubiales
Rubiaceae (coffee family)
Order Dipsacales
Order Calycerales
Order Asterales
Asteraceae (sunflower family)
Class Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
Subclass Alismatidae
Order Alismatales
Order Hydrocharitales
Order Najadales
Order Triuridales
Subclass Arecidae
Order Arecales
Arecaceae (palm family)
Order Cyclanthales
Order Pandanales
Pandanaceae (pandan family)
Order Arales
Subclass Commelinidae
Order Commelinales
Order Eriocaulales
Order Restionales
Order Juncales
Order Cyperales
Poaceae (grass family)
Order Hydatellales
Order Typhales
Subclass Zingiberidae
Order Bromeliales
Order Zingiberales
Zingiberaceae (ginger family)
Subclass Liliidae
Order Liliales
Order Orchidales
Orchidaceae (orchid family)
Bibliography
Work by Cronquist
Cronquist, Arthur. (1957). Outline of a new system of families and orders of dicotyledons. Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat Brux. 27: 13–40.