Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 (PC-1, CD203a) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENPP1 gene.

Structure

This gene is a member of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family. The encoded protein is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein comprising two identical disulfide-bonded subunits.

Function

The main substrate of ENPP1 is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is cleaved into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and diphosphate. Other notable substrates include cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and cADPR.

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene have been associated with Generalized arterial calcification of infancy, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL), Hypophosphatemic rickets autosomal recessive 2 (ARHR2), and insulin resistance.

In a tumor microenvironment, AMP generated by ENPP1 can lead to production of adenosine, which suppresses the anti-cancer function of the immune system.

Interactions

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 has been shown to interact with Insulin receptor.

See also

• Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase

References

Further reading