Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system. The branch of medicine associated with endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology.

Types of disease

Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups:

1. Endocrine gland hypofunction/hyposecretion (leading to hormone deficiency)

2. Endocrine gland hyperfunction/hypersecretion (leading to hormone excess)

3. Tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands

Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system. For example, most forms of hyperthyroidism are associated with an excess of thyroid hormone and a low level of thyroid stimulating hormone.

List of diseases

Glucose homeostasis disorders

Diabetes

• Type 1 Diabetes

• Type 2 Diabetes

• Gestational Diabetes

• Mature Onset Diabetes of the Young

• Diabetic myopathy

Hypoglycemia

• Idiopathic hypoglycemia

• Insulinoma

• Glucagonoma

Thyroid disorders

• Goitre

Hyperthyroidism

• Graves-Basedow disease

• Toxic multinodular goitre

• Thyrotoxic myopathy

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroid myopathies

• Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome

• Hoffmann syndrome

• Myasthenic syndrome

• Atrophic form

Thyroiditis

• Hashimoto's thyroiditis

• Thyroid cancer

• Thyroid hormone resistance

Calcium homeostasis disorders and Metabolic bone disease

Parathyroid gland disorders

Hyperparathyroidism

• Primary hyperparathyroidism

• Secondary hyperparathyroidism

• Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

• Hyperparathyroid myopathy

Hypoparathyroidism

• Pseudohypoparathyroidism

• Hypoparathyroid myopathy

  Osteoporosis

• Osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of bone)

• Rickets

• Osteomalacia

Pituitary gland disorders

Posterior pituitary

• Diabetes insipidus

• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

Anterior pituitary

• Hypopituitarism (or Panhypopituitarism)

Pituitary tumors

• Pituitary adenomas

• Prolactinoma (or Hyperprolactinemia)

• Acromegaly, gigantism, dwarfism

• Cushing's disease

Adrenal gland disorders

• Addison's disease

• Adrenal crisis

• Adrenal insufficiency

• Adrenal tumour

• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Hypercortisolism (Cushing's disease)

• Steroid myopathy

• Hypoaldosteronism

• Hyperaldosteronism

Sex hormone disorders

Disorders of sex development or intersex disorders

• Hermaphroditism

• Gonadal dysgenesis

• Androgen insensitivity syndromes

Hypogonadism (Gonadotropin deficiency)

Inherited (genetic and chromosomal) disorders

• Kallmann syndrome

• Klinefelter syndrome

• Turner syndrome

Acquired disorders

• Ovarian failure (also known as Premature Menopause)

Testicular failure

• Testosterone deficiency myopathy

Disorders of Puberty

• Delayed puberty

• Precocious puberty

Menstrual function or fertility disorders

• Amenorrhea

• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Tumours of the endocrine glands not mentioned elsewhere

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

• MEN type 1

• MEN type 2a

• MEN type 2b

• Carcinoid syndrome

See also separate organs

• Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes

• Incidentaloma - an unexpected finding on diagnostic imaging, often of endocrine glands

Endocrine emergencies

In endocrinology, medical emergencies include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, hypoglycemic coma, acute adrenocortical insufficiency, phaeochromocytoma crisis, hypercalcemic crisis, thyroid storm, myxoedema coma and pituitary apoplexy.

Emergencies arising from decompensated pheochromocytomas or parathyroid adenomas are sometimes referred for emergency resection when aggressive medical therapies fail to control the patient's state, however the surgical risks are significant, especially blood pressure lability and the possibility of cardiovascular collapse after resection (due to a brutal drop in respectively catecholamines and calcium, which must be compensated with gradual normalization). It remains debated when emergency surgery is appropriate as opposed to urgent or elective surgery after continued attempts to stabilize the patient, notably in view of newer and more efficient medications and protocols.

See also

• List of MeSH codes (C19)

• List of ICD-9 codes 240-279: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and immunity disorders

• Diabetes self-management

References

External links