List of dialects of English on arvau

Wikipedia / List of dialects of English

Dialects are linguistic varieties that may differ in pronunciation, vocabulary, spelling, and other aspects of grammar. For the classification of varieties of the language, English, in pronunciation only, see regional accents of English.

Dialects can be defined as "sub-forms of languages which are, in general, mutually comprehensible." English speakers from different countries and regions use a variety of accents (systems of pronunciation), and local words and grammatical constructions, and from these factors various dialects can be differentiated. Dialects can be classified at broad or narrow levels: within a broad national or regional dialect, localised sub-dialects can be identified. The combination of differences in pronunciation and use of local words may make some English dialects almost unintelligible to speakers from other regions without any prior exposure.

The major native dialects of English are often divided by linguists into three general categories: the British Isles dialects, those of North America, and those of Australasia. Dialects can be associated not only with place but also with particular social groups. Within a given English-speaking country, there is a form of the language considered to be Standard English: the Standard Englishes of different countries differ and can themselves be considered dialects. Standard English is often associated with the more educated layers of society as well as more formal registers.

Standard British and Standard American English are the reference norms for English as spoken, written, and taught in the rest of the world, excluding countries in which English is spoken natively such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Singapore and Ireland. In many former British Empire countries in which English is not spoken natively, British English forms are closely followed, alongside numerous American English usages that have become widespread throughout the English-speaking world. Conversely, a number of countries with historical ties to the United States tend to follow American English conventions. Many of these countries, while retaining strong British English or American English influences, have developed their own unique dialects, which include Indian English and Philippine English.

Chief among other native English dialects are Canadian English and Australian English, which rank third and fourth in the number of native speakers. For the most part, Canadian English, while featuring numerous British forms, alongside indigenous Canadianisms, shares vocabulary, phonology and syntax with American English, which leads many to recognise North American English as an organic grouping of dialects. Australian English, likewise, shares many British English usages, alongside plentiful features unique to Australia, and retains a significantly higher degree of distinctiveness from both larger varieties than does Canadian English. South African English, New Zealand English and Irish English are also distinctive and rank fifth, sixth, and seventh in the number of native speakers.

Europe

English language in Europe

Great Britain

British English

England

English language in England:

Standard English (Not to be confused with the accent Received Pronunciation)

Northern

Lancastrian (Lancashire) and Cheshire

Cumbrian (Cumbria)

Barrovian (Barrow-in-Furness)

Northumbrian (Northumberland and County Durham)

East Midlands

Lincolnshire

West Midlands

East Anglian

Southern

Cockney (working-class London and surrounding areas)
Estuary
Received Pronunciation (middle-class London, Home Counties and Hampshire)
Multicultural London (London)
Sussex

West Country

Scotland

Scottish English comprising varieties based on the Standard English of England.

Wales

Welsh English

Non-geographic based English

British dependencies and territories

Channel Islands: Channel Island English
Isle of Man: Manx English
Gibraltar: Gibraltarian English
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha: South Atlantic English

Ireland

Hiberno-English (Irish English)

Ulster

Ulster Scots dialect (contested)

Leinster

Dublin

Dublin 4 (D4)
South-West Ireland

Extinct

Yola language (also known as Forth and Bargy dialect), thought to have been a descendant of Middle English, spoken in County Wexford
Fingallian, another presumed descendant of Middle English, spoken in Fingal

Continental Europe

Euro English

European interlanguageinterlanguages

Runglish

Solombala English

Mediterranean

North America

United States

Interactive map of American English American English:

Cultural and ethnic American English

African American English

African-American Vernacular English
Cajun Vernacular English
General American: the "standard" or "mainstream" spectrum of American English

Latino (Hispanic) Vernacular Englishes

Chicano English (Mexican-American English)
Miami English
New York Latino English
Pennsylvania Dutch English
Yeshiva English

American Indian English

Lumbee English

Regional and local American English

Northern American English

Inland Northern English: Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Milwaukee, Western New York, the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and most of the U.S. Great Lakes region

New England English

Eastern New England English (including Boston and Maine English)

Rhode Island English
Western New England English: Connecticut, Hudson Valley, western Massachusetts, and Vermont
North-Central (Upper Midwestern) English: northern Wisconsin, northern Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana
Metropolitan New York English

Southeast Super-Regional English

Midland American English

North Midland English: Iowa City, Omaha, Lincoln, Columbia, Springfield, Muncie, Columbus, etc.
South Midland English: Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Topeka, Wichita, Kansas City, St. Louis (in transition), Decatur, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Dayton, etc.
High Tider English: traditional dialect of the Chesapeake Bay, Tangier, Ocracoke, the Outer Banks, Virginia Barrier Islands, etc.
New Orleans English

Philadelphia English

Baltimore English

Southern American English

Southern Appalachian English: Linden, Birmingham, Chattanooga, Knoxville, Asheville, and Greenville
Texan English: Lubbock, Odessa, and Dallas
Tennessean English: Nashville, Murfreesboro, Memphis

Western American English

Extinct or near-extinct American English

Boontling
"Good American Speech": Mid-Atlantic or Transatlantic English
Elite Northeastern American English
Older Southern American English

American English-based hybrid languages (creoles or pidgins)

Afro-Seminole Creole
Gullah language/Sea Island Creole English, South-East US related to Bahamian creole
Hawaiian Pidgin

Canada

Interactive map of Canadian English Canadian English:

Aboriginal English in Canada

Bungi of the Canadian Metis people of British descent

Atlantic Canadian English

Caribbean, Central, and South America

Puerto Rico

Saba

Saban English

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Vincentian English

Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidadian and Tobagonian English

Turks and Caicos Islands

Turks and Caicos Creole

Virgin Islands

Virgin Islands Creole

Asia

Bangladesh

Bangladeshi English (Benglish or Banglish)
Banglish

Brunei

Brunei English

Cambodia

Cambodian English

China and Taiwan

Chinese Pidgin English (Extinct)
Chinglish

Hong Kong

Hong Kong English

India

Indian English:

Standard Indian English

Indian English: the "standard" English used by government administration, it derives from the British Indian Empire.
Butler English: (also Bearer English or Kitchen English), once an occupational dialect, now a social dialect.

Regional and local Indian English

East Region: Odia English, Bhojpuriya English, Assamese English, Bengali English, North-East Indian English etc.
West Region: Gujarati English, Maharashtrian English etc.
North Region: Hindustani English (Hinglish), Delhi/Punjabi English, Rajasthani English etc.
South Region: Telugu English (Tenglish), Kannada English (Kanglish), Tamil English (Tanglish), Malayali English etc.