The 51st United States Congress, referred to by some critics as the Billion Dollar Congress, was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1889, to March 4, 1891, during the first two years of Benjamin Harrison's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1880 United States census.

The Republicans maintained their majority in the Senate, and won the majority in the House. With Benjamin Harrison being sworn in as president on March 4, 1889, this gave the Republicans an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 43rd Congress in 1873–1875.

Major events

• March 4, 1889: Benjamin Harrison became President of the United States

• December 29, 1890: Wounded Knee Massacre

Major legislation

It was responsible for a number of pieces of landmark legislation, many of which asserted the authority of the federal government.

Emboldened by their success in the elections of 1888, the Republicans enacted virtually their entire platform during their first 303-day session, including a measure that provided American Civil War veterans with generous pensions and expanded the list of eligible recipients to include noncombatants and the children of veterans. Grover Cleveland had vetoed a similar bill in 1887. It was criticized as the "Billion Dollar Congress'" for its lavish spending and, for this reason it incited drastic reversals in public support that led to Cleveland's reelection in 1892.

Other important legislation passed into law by the Congress included the McKinley tariff, authored by Representative, and future President, William McKinley; the Sherman Antitrust Act, which prohibited business combinations that restricted trade; and the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which required the U.S. government to mint silver. The last two were concessions to Western farmer interests in exchange for support of the tariff and would become central tenets of the Populist Party later in the decade. They were authored by Senator John Sherman.

The Fifty-first Congress was also responsible for passing the Land Revision Act of 1891, which created the national forests. Harrison authorized America's first forest reserve in Yellowstone, Wyoming, the same year.

Other bills were discussed but failed to pass, including two significant pieces of legislation focused on ensuring African Americans the right to vote. Henry Cabot Lodge sponsored a so-called Lodge Bill that would have established federal supervision of Congressional elections so as to prevent the disfranchisement of southern blacks. Henry W. Blair sponsored the Blair Education Bill, which advocated the use of federal aid for education in order to frustrate southern whites employing literacy tests to prevent blacks from registering to vote.

• June 27, 1890: Dependent Pension Act

• July 2, 1890: Sherman Antitrust Act, ch. 647,

• July 14, 1890: Sherman Silver Purchase Act, ch. 708,

• August 30, 1890: Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act

• October 1, 1890: McKinley Tariff, ch. 1244,

• March 3, 1891: Forest Reserve Act of 1891

• March 3, 1891: Land Revision Act of 1891

• March 3, 1891: Immigration Act of 1891

• March 3, 1891: Merchant Marine Act of 1891

• March 3, 1891: International Copyright Act (The Chace Act)

States admitted and territories organized

• November 2, 1889: North Dakota and South Dakota were admitted as the 39th and 40th states.

• November 8, 1889: Montana was admitted as the 41st state.

• November 11, 1889: Washington was admitted as the 42nd state.

• May 2, 1890: Oklahoma Territory was organized.

• July 3, 1890: Idaho was admitted as the 43rd state.

• July 10, 1890: Wyoming was admitted as the 44th state.

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Six new states were admitted during this Congress, and their senators and representatives were elected throughout the Congress.

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

• President: Levi P. Morton (R)

President pro tempore: John J. Ingalls (R), elected March 7, 1889

• Charles F. Manderson (R), elected March 2, 1891

• Republican Conference Chairman: George F. Edmunds

Democratic Caucus Chairman: James B. Beck, until May 3, 1890

• Arthur P. Gorman, afterwards

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Thomas B. Reed (R)

• Republican Conference Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson

• Democratic Caucus Chairman: William S. Holman

• Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: James T. Jones

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

1. Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1892; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1894; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1890.

List of United States senators from AlabamaAlabama

1. 2. John T. Morgan (D)

2. 3. James L. Pugh (D)

List of United States senators from ArkansasArkansas

1. 2. James H. Berry (D)

2. 3. James K. Jones (D)

List of United States senators from CaliforniaCalifornia

1. 1. George Hearst (D), until February 28, 1891

2. 3. Leland Stanford (R)

List of United States senators from ColoradoColorado

1. 2. Edward O. Wolcott (R)

2. 3. Henry M. Teller (R)

List of United States senators from ConnecticutConnecticut

1. 1. Joseph R. Hawley (R)

2. 3. Orville H. Platt (R)

List of United States senators from DelawareDelaware

1. 1. George Gray (D)

2. 2. Anthony Higgins (R)

List of United States senators from FloridaFlorida

1. 1. Samuel Pasco (D)

2. 3. Wilkinson Call (D)

List of United States senators from GeorgiaGeorgia

1. 2. Alfred H. Colquitt (D)

2. 3. Joseph E. Brown (D)

List of United States senators from IdahoIdaho

1. 2. George L. Shoup (R), from December 18, 1890

2. 3. William J. McConnell (R), from December 18, 1890

List of United States senators from IllinoisIllinois

1. 2. Shelby M. Cullom (R)

2. 3. Charles B. Farwell (R)

List of United States senators from IndianaIndiana

1. 1. David Turpie (D)

2. 3. Daniel W. Voorhees (D)

List of United States senators from IowaIowa

1. 2. James F. Wilson (R)

2. 3. William B. Allison (R)

List of United States senators from KansasKansas

1. 2. Preston B. Plumb (R)

2. 3. John J. Ingalls (R)

List of United States senators from KentuckyKentucky

1. 2. James B. Beck (D), until May 3, 1890

   1. John G. Carlisle (D), from May 26, 1890

   3. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)

List of United States senators from LouisianaLouisiana

1. 2. Randall L. Gibson (D)

2. 3. James B. Eustis (D)

List of United States senators from MaineMaine

1. 1. Eugene Hale (R)

2. 2. William P. Frye (R)

List of United States senators from MarylandMaryland

1. 1. Arthur Pue Gorman (D)

2. 3. Ephraim K. Wilson II (D), until February 24, 1891

List of United States senators from MassachusettsMassachusetts

1. 1. Henry L. Dawes (R)

2. 2. George F. Hoar (R)

List of United States senators from MichiganMichigan

1. 1. Francis B. Stockbridge (R)

2. 2. James McMillan (R)

List of United States senators from MinnesotaMinnesota

1. 1. Cushman K. Davis (R)

2. 2. William D. Washburn (R)

List of United States senators from MississippiMississippi

1. 1. James Z. George (D)

2. 2. Edward C. Walthall (D)

List of United States senators from MissouriMissouri

1. 1. Francis Cockrell (D)

2. 3. George G. Vest (D)

List of United States senators from MontanaMontana

1. 1. Wilbur F. Sanders (R), from January 1, 1890

2. 2. Thomas C. Power (R), from January 2, 1890

List of United States senators from NebraskaNebraska

1. 1. Algernon S. Paddock (R)

2. 2. Charles F. Manderson (R)

List of United States senators from NevadaNevada

1. 1. William M. Stewart (R)

2. 3. John P. Jones (R)

List of United States senators from New HampshireNew Hampshire

1. 2. Gilman Marston (R), until June 18, 1889

   1. William E. Chandler (R), from June 18, 1889

   3. Henry W. Blair (R)

List of United States senators from New JerseyNew Jersey

1. 1. Rufus Blodgett (D)

2. 2. John R. McPherson (D)

List of United States senators from New YorkNew York

1. 1. Frank Hiscock (R)

2. 3. William M. Evarts (R)

List of United States senators from North CarolinaNorth Carolina

1. 2. Matt W. Ransom (D)

2. 3. Zebulon B. Vance (D)

List of United States senators from North DakotaNorth Dakota

1. 1. Lyman R. Casey (R), from November 25, 1889

2. 3. Gilbert A. Pierce (R), from November 25, 1889

List of United States senators from OhioOhio

1. 1. John Sherman (R)

2. 3. Henry B. Payne (D)

List of United States senators from OregonOregon

1. 2. Joseph N. Dolph (R)

2. 3. John H. Mitchell (R)

List of United States senators from PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

1. 1. Matthew S. Quay (R)

2. 3. J. Donald Cameron (R)

List of United States senators from Rhode IslandRhode Island

1. 1. Nelson W. Aldrich (R)

2. 2. Jonathan Chace (R), until April 9, 1889

   1. Nathan F. Dixon III (R), from April 10, 1889

List of United States senators from South CarolinaSouth Carolina

1. 2. Matthew C. Butler (D)

2. 3. Wade Hampton III (D)

List of United States senators from South DakotaSouth Dakota

1. 2. Richard F. Pettigrew (R), from November 2, 1889

2. 3. Gideon C. Moody (R), from November 2, 1889

List of United States senators from TennesseeTennessee

1. 1. William B. Bate (D)

2. 2. Isham G. Harris (D)

List of United States senators from TexasTexas

1. 1. John H. Reagan (D)

2. 2. Richard Coke (D)

List of United States senators from VermontVermont

1. 1. George F. Edmunds (R)

2. 3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

List of United States senators from VirginiaVirginia

1. 1. John W. Daniel (D)

2. 2. John S. Barbour Jr. (D)

List of United States senators from WashingtonWashington

1. 1. John B. Allen (R), from November 20, 1889

2. 3. Watson C. Squire (R), from November 20, 1889

List of United States senators from West VirginiaWest Virginia

1. 1. Charles J. Faulkner Jr. (D)

2. 2. John E. Kenna (D)

List of United States senators from WisconsinWisconsin

1. 1. Philetus Sawyer (R)

2. 3. John C. Spooner (R)

List of United States senators from WyomingWyoming

1. 1. Francis E. Warren (R), from November 24, 1890

2. 2. Joseph M. Carey (R), from November 15, 1890

House of Representatives

The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

List of United States representatives from AlabamaAlabama

1. . Richard H. Clarke (D)

2. . Hilary A. Herbert (D)

3. . William C. Oates (D)

4. . Louis W. Turpin (D), until June 4, 1890

   1. John V. McDuffie (R), from June 4, 1890

   . James E. Cobb (D)

5. . John H. Bankhead (D)

6. . William H. Forney (D)

7. . Joseph Wheeler (D)

List of United States representatives from ArkansasArkansas

1. . William H. Cate (D), until March 5, 1890

   1. Lewis P. Featherstone (L), from March 5, 1890

   . Clifton R. Breckinridge (D), until September 5, 1890

   1. Clifton R. Breckinridge (D), from November 4, 1890

   . Thomas C. McRae (D)

2. . John H. Rogers (D)

3. . Samuel W. Peel (D)

List of United States representatives from CaliforniaCalifornia

1. . John J. De Haven (R), until October 1, 1890

   1. Thomas J. Geary (D), from December 9, 1890

   . Marion Biggs (D)

2. . Joseph McKenna (R)

3. . William W. Morrow (R)

4. . Thomas J. Clunie (D)

5. . William Vandever (R)

List of United States representatives from ColoradoColorado

1. . Hosea Townsend (R)

List of United States representatives from ConnecticutConnecticut

1. . William E. Simonds (R)

2. . Washington F. Willcox (D)

3. . Charles A. Russell (R)

4. . Frederick Miles (R)

List of United States representatives from DelawareDelaware

1. . John B. Penington (D)

List of United States representatives from FloridaFlorida

1. . Robert H. M. Davidson (D)

2. . Robert Bullock (D)

List of United States representatives from GeorgiaGeorgia

1. . Rufus E. Lester (D)

2. . Henry G. Turner (D)

3. . Charles F. Crisp (D)

4. . Thomas W. Grimes (D)

5. . John D. Stewart (D)

6. . James H. Blount (D)

7. . Judson C. Clements (D)

8. . Henry H. Carlton (D)

9. . Allen D. Candler (D)

10. . George T. Barnes (D)

List of United States representatives from IdahoIdaho

1. . Willis Sweet (R), from October 1, 1890

List of United States representatives from IllinoisIllinois

1. . Abner Taylor (R)

2. . Frank Lawler (D)

3. . William E. Mason (R)

4. . George E. Adams (R)

5. . Albert J. Hopkins (R)

6. . Robert R. Hitt (R)

7. . Thomas J. Henderson (R)

8. . Charles A. Hill (R)

9. . Lewis E. Payson (R)

10. . Philip S. Post (R)

11. . William H. Gest (R)

12. . Scott Wike (D)

13. . William M. Springer (D)

14. . Jonathan H. Rowell (R)

15. . Joseph G. Cannon (R)

16. . George W. Fithian (D)

17. . Edward Lane (D)

18. . William S. Forman (D)

19. . Richard W. Townshend (D), until March 9, 1889

    1. James R. Williams (D), from December 2, 1889

    . George Washington Smith (R)

List of United States representatives from IndianaIndiana

1. . William F. Parrett (D)

2. . John H. O'Neall (D)

3. . Jason B. Brown (D)

4. . William S. Holman (D)

5. . George W. Cooper (D)

6. . Thomas M. Browne (R)

7. . William D. Bynum (D)

8. . Elijah V. Brookshire (D)

9. . Joseph B. Cheadle (R)

10. . William D. Owen (R)

11. . Augustus N. Martin (D)

12. . Charles A. O. McClellan (D)

13. . Benjamin F. Shively (D)

List of United States representatives from IowaIowa

1. . John H. Gear (R)

2. . Walter I. Hayes (D)

3. . David B. Henderson (R)

4. . Joseph H. Sweney (R)

5. . Daniel Kerr (R)

6. . John F. Lacey (R)

7. . Edwin H. Conger (R), until October 3, 1890

   1. Edward R. Hays (R), from November 4, 1890

   . James P. Flick (R)

8. . Joseph R. Reed (R)

9. . Jonathan P. Dolliver (R)

10. . Isaac S. Struble (R)

List of United States representatives from KansasKansas

1. . Edmund N. Morrill (R)

2. . Edward H. Funston (R)

3. . Bishop W. Perkins (R)

4. . Thomas Ryan (R), until April 4, 1889

   1. Harrison Kelley (R), from December 2, 1889

   . John A. Anderson (R)

5. . Erastus J. Turner (R)

6. . Samuel R. Peters (R)

List of United States representatives from KentuckyKentucky

1. . William J. Stone (D)

2. . William T. Ellis (D)

3. . Isaac H. Goodnight (D)

4. . Alexander B. Montgomery (D)

5. . Asher G. Caruth (D)

6. . John G. Carlisle (D), until May 26, 1890

   1. William W. Dickerson (D), from June 21, 1890

   . William C. P. Breckinridge (D)

7. . James B. McCreary (D)

8. . Thomas H. Paynter (D)

9. . John H. Wilson (R)

10. . Hugh F. Finley (R)

List of United States representatives from LouisianaLouisiana

1. . Theodore S. Wilkinson (D)

2. . Hamilton D. Coleman (R)

3. . Edward J. Gay (D), until May 30, 1889

   1. Andrew Price (D), from December 2, 1889

   . Newton C. Blanchard (D)

4. . Charles J. Boatner (D)

5. . Samuel M. Robertson (D)

List of United States representatives from MaineMaine

1. . Thomas B. Reed (R)

2. . Nelson Dingley Jr. (R)

3. . Seth L. Milliken (R)

4. . Charles A. Boutelle (R)

List of United States representatives from MarylandMaryland

1. . Charles H. Gibson (D)

2. . Herman Stump (D)

3. . Henry W. Rusk (D)

4. . Henry J. Stockbridge Jr. (R)

5. . Barnes Compton (D), until March 20, 1890

   1. Sydney E. Mudd (R), from March 20, 1890

   . Louis E. McComas (R)

List of United States representatives from MassachusettsMassachusetts

1. . Charles S. Randall (R)

2. . Elijah A. Morse (R)

3. . John F. Andrew (D)

4. . Joseph H. O'Neil (D)

5. . Nathaniel P. Banks (R)

6. . Henry Cabot Lodge (R)

7. . William Cogswell (R)

8. . Frederic T. Greenhalge (R)

9. . John W. Candler (R)

10. . Joseph H. Walker (R)

11. . Rodney Wallace (R)

12. . Francis W. Rockwell (R)

List of United States representatives from MichiganMichigan

1. . J. Logan Chipman (D)

2. . Edward P. Allen (R)

3. . James O'Donnell (R)

4. . Julius C. Burrows (R)

5. . Charles E. Belknap (R)

6. . Mark S. Brewer (R)

7. . Justin R. Whiting (D)

8. . Aaron T. Bliss (R)

9. . Byron M. Cutcheon (R)

10. . Frank W. Wheeler (R)

11. . Samuel M. Stephenson (R)

List of United States representatives from MinnesotaMinnesota

1. . Mark H. Dunnell (R)

2. . John Lind (R)

3. . Darwin S. Hall (R)

4. . Samuel P. Snider (R)

5. . Solomon G. Comstock (R)

List of United States representatives from MississippiMississippi

1. . John M. Allen (D)

2. . James B. Morgan (D)

3. . Thomas C. Catchings (D)

4. . Clarke Lewis (D)

5. . Chapman L. Anderson (D)

6. . Thomas R. Stockdale (D)

7. . Charles E. Hooker (D)

List of United States representatives from MissouriMissouri

1. . William H. Hatch (D)

2. . Charles H. Mansur (D)

3. . Alexander M. Dockery (D)

4. . Robert P. C. Wilson (D), from December 2, 1889

5. . John C. Tarsney (D)

6. . John T. Heard (D)

7. . Richard H. Norton (D)

8. . Frederick G. Niedringhaus (R)

9. . Nathan Frank (R)

10. . William M. Kinsey (R)

11. . Richard P. Bland (D)

12. . William J. Stone (D)

13. . William H. Wade (R)

14. . James P. Walker (D), until July 19, 1890

    1. Robert H. Whitelaw (D), from November 4, 1890

List of United States representatives from MontanaMontana

1. . Thomas H. Carter (R), from November 8, 1889

List of United States representatives from NebraskaNebraska

1. . William J. Connell (R)

2. . James Laird (R), until August 17, 1889

   1. Gilbert L. Laws (R), from December 2, 1889

   . George W. E. Dorsey (R)

List of United States representatives from NevadaNevada

1. . Horace F. Bartine (R)

List of United States representatives from New HampshireNew Hampshire

1. . Alonzo Nute (R)

2. . Orren C. Moore (R)

List of United States representatives from New JerseyNew Jersey

1. . Christopher A. Bergen (R)

2. . James Buchanan (R)

3. . Jacob A. Geissenhainer (D)

4. . Samuel Fowler (D)

5. . Charles D. Beckwith (R)

6. . Herman Lehlbach (R)

7. . William McAdoo (D)

List of United States representatives from New YorkNew York

1. . James W. Covert (D)

2. . Felix Campbell (D)

3. . William C. Wallace (R)

4. . John M. Clancy (D)

5. . Thomas F. Magner (D)

6. . Frank T. Fitzgerald (D), until November 4, 1889

   1. Charles H. Turner (D), from December 9, 1889

   . Edward J. Dunphy (D)

7. . John H. McCarthy (D), until January 14, 1891, vacant thereafter

8. . Samuel S. Cox (D), until September 10, 1889

   1. Amos J. Cummings (D), from November 5, 1889

   . Francis B. Spinola (D)

9. . John Quinn (D)

10. . Roswell P. Flower (D)

11. . Ashbel P. Fitch (D)

12. . William G. Stahlnecker (D)

13. . Moses D. Stivers (R)

14. . John H. Ketcham (R)

15. . Charles J. Knapp (R)

16. . John A. Quackenbush (R)

17. . Charles Tracey (D)

18. . John Sanford (R)

19. . John H. Moffitt (R)

20. . Frederick Lansing (R)

21. . James S. Sherman (R)

22. . David Wilber (R), until April 1, 1890

    1. John S. Pindar (D), from November 4, 1890

    . James J. Belden (R)

23. . Milton De Lano (R)

24. . Newton W. Nutting (R), until October 15, 1889

    1. Sereno E. Payne (R), from December 2, 1889

    . Thomas S. Flood (R)

25. . John Raines (R)

26. . Charles S. Baker (R)

27. . John G. Sawyer (R)

28. . John M. Farquhar (R)

29. . John McClure Wiley (D)

30. . William G. Laidlaw (R)

List of United States representatives from North CarolinaNorth Carolina

1. . Thomas G. Skinner (D)

2. . Henry P. Cheatham (R)

3. . Charles W. McClammy (D)

4. . Benjamin H. Bunn (D)

5. . John M. Brower (R)

6. . Alfred Rowland (D)

7. . John S. Henderson (D)

8. . William H. H. Cowles (D)

9. . Hamilton G. Ewart (R)

List of United States representatives from North DakotaNorth Dakota

1. . Henry C. Hansbrough (R), from November 2, 1889

List of United States representatives from OhioOhio

1. . Benjamin Butterworth (R)

2. . John A. Caldwell (R)

3. . Elihu S. Williams (R)

4. . Samuel S. Yoder (D)

5. . George E. Seney (D)

6. . Melvin M. Boothman (R)

7. . Henry L. Morey (R)

8. . Robert P. Kennedy (R)

9. . William C. Cooper (R)

10. . William E. Haynes (D)

11. . Albert C. Thompson (R)

12. . Jacob J. Pugsley (R)

13. . Joseph H. Outhwaite (D)

14. . Charles P. Wickham (R)

15. . Charles H. Grosvenor (R)

16. . James W. Owens (D)

17. . Joseph D. Taylor (R)

18. . William McKinley (R)

19. . Ezra B. Taylor (R)

20. . Martin L. Smyser (R)

21. . Theodore E. Burton (R)

List of United States representatives from OregonOregon

1. . Binger Hermann (R)

List of United States representatives from PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

1. . Henry H. Bingham (R)

2. . Charles O'Neill (R)

3. . Samuel J. Randall (D), until April 13, 1890

   1. Richard Vaux (D), from May 20, 1890

   . William D. Kelley (R), until January 9, 1890

   1. John E. Reyburn (R), from February 18, 1890

   . Alfred C. Harmer (R)

4. . Smedley Darlington (R)

5. . Robert M. Yardley (R)

6. . William Mutchler (D)

7. . David B. Brunner (D)

8. . Marriott Brosius (R)

9. . Joseph A. Scranton (R)

10. . Edwin S. Osborne (R)

11. . James B. Reilly (D)

12. . John W. Rife (R)

13. . Myron B. Wright (R)

14. . Henry C. McCormick (R)

15. . Charles R. Buckalew (D)

16. . Louis E. Atkinson (R)

17. . Levi Maish (D)

18. . Edward Scull (R)

19. . Samuel A. Craig (R)

20. . John Dalzell (R)

21. . Thomas M. Bayne (R)

22. . Joseph W. Ray (R)

23. . Charles C. Townsend (R)

24. . William C. Culbertson (R)

25. . Lewis F. Watson (R), until August 25, 1890

    1. Charles W. Stone (R), from November 4, 1890

    . James Kerr (D)

List of United States representatives from Rhode IslandRhode Island

1. . Henry J. Spooner (R)

2. . Warren O. Arnold (R)

List of United States representatives from South CarolinaSouth Carolina

1. . Samuel Dibble (D)

2. . George D. Tillman (D)

3. . James S. Cothran (D)

4. . William H. Perry (D)

5. . John J. Hemphill (D)

6. . George W. Dargan (D)

7. . William Elliott (D), until September 23, 1890

   1. Thomas E. Miller (R), from September 24, 1890

List of United States representatives from South DakotaSouth Dakota

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.(2 Republicans)

1. . Oscar S. Gifford (R), from November 2, 1889

2. . John A. Pickler (R), from November 2, 1889

List of United States representatives from TennesseeTennessee

1. . Alfred A. Taylor (R)

2. . Leonidas C. Houk (R)

3. . Henry Clay Evans (R)

4. . Benton McMillin (D)

5. . James D. Richardson (D)

6. . Joseph E. Washington (D)

7. . Washington C. Whitthorne (D)

8. . Benjamin A. Enloe (D)

9. . Rice A. Pierce (D)

10. . James Phelan Jr. (D), until January 30, 1891, vacant thereafter

List of United States representatives from TexasTexas

1. . Charles Stewart (D)

2. . William H. Martin (D)

3. . Constantine B. Kilgore (D)

4. . David B. Culberson (D)

5. . Silas Hare (D)

6. . Joseph Abbott (D)

7. . William H. Crain (D)

8. . Littleton W. Moore (D)

9. . Roger Q. Mills (D)

10. . Joseph D. Sayers (D)

11. . Samuel W. T. Lanham (D)

List of United States representatives from VermontVermont

1. . John W. Stewart (R)

2. . William W. Grout (R)

List of United States representatives from VirginiaVirginia

1. . Thomas H. B. Browne (R)

2. . George E. Bowden (R)

3. . George D. Wise (D), until April 10, 1890

   1. Edmund Waddill Jr. (R), from April 12, 1890

   . Edward C. Venable (D), until September 23, 1890

   1. John M. Langston (R), from September 23, 1890

   . Posey G. Lester (D)

4. . Paul C. Edmunds (D)

5. . Charles T. O'Ferrall (D)

6. . William H. F. Lee (D)

7. . John A. Buchanan (D)

8. . Henry St. George Tucker III (D)

List of United States representatives from WashingtonWashington

1. . John L. Wilson (R), from November 20, 1889

List of United States representatives from West VirginiaWest Virginia

1. . John O. Pendleton (D), until February 26, 1890

   1. George W. Atkinson (R), from February 26, 1890

   . William L. Wilson (D)

2. . John D. Alderson (D)

3. . James M. Jackson (D), until February 3, 1890

   1. Charles B. Smith (R), from February 3, 1890

List of United States representatives from WisconsinWisconsin

1. . Lucien B. Caswell (R)

2. . Charles Barwig (D)

3. . Robert M. La Follette Sr. (R)

4. . Isaac W. Van Schaick (R)

5. . George H. Brickner (D)

6. . Charles B. Clark (R)

7. . Ormsby B. Thomas (R)

8. . Nils P. Haugen (R)

9. . Myron H. McCord (R)

List of United States representatives from WyomingWyoming

1. . Clarence D. Clark (R), from December 1, 1890

Non-voting members

1. . Marcus A. Smith (D)

2. . George A. Mathews (R), until November 2, 1889

3. . Fred Dubois (R), until July 3, 1890

4. . Thomas H. Carter (R), until November 7, 1889

5. . Antonio Joseph (D)

6. . David A. Harvey (R), from November 4, 1890

7. . John T. Caine (D)

8. . John B. Allen (R), until November 11, 1889

9. . Joseph M. Carey (R), until July 10, 1890

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

Replacements: 3

• Democratic: no net change

• Republican: no net change

• Liberal Republican: 1-seat net loss

• Deaths: 3

• Resignations: 2

• Interim appointments: 1

• Seats of newly admitted states: 12

• Total seats with changes: 17

House of Representatives

Replacements: 16

• Democratic: 2-seat net gain

• Republican: 2-seat net loss

  Deaths: 11

• Resignations: 6

• Contested election:8

• Seats of newly admitted states: 7

• Total seats with changes: 33

Committees

Senate

• Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select) (Chairman: Daniel W. Voorhees; Ranking Member: William M. Evarts)

• Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: Algernon S. Paddock; Ranking Member: James Z. George)

• Appropriations (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)

• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance)

• Canadian Relations (Select) (Chairman: George F. Hoar; Ranking Member: James L. Pugh)

• Census (Chairman: Eugene Hale; Ranking Member: James H. Berry)

• Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Edward O. Wolcott; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)

• Claims (Chairman: John C. Spooner; Ranking Member: James K. Jones)

• Coast Defenses (Chairman: Joseph N. Dolph; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson)

• Commerce (Chairman: William P. Frye; Ranking Member: Matt W. Ransom)

• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

• District of Columbia (Chairman: John J. Ingalls; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)

• Education and Labor (Chairman: Henry W. Blair; Ranking Member: James Z. George)

• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Francis M. Cockrell; Ranking Member: Shelby M. Cullom)

• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Charles B. Farwell; Ranking Member: Wilbur F. Sanders)

• Epidemic Diseases (Chairman: Isham G. Harris; Ranking Member: Eugene Hale)

• Establish a University in the United States (Select) (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)

• Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Chairman: Anthony Higgins; Ranking Member: George Gray)

• Executive Departments Methods (Select)

• Finance (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Daniel W. Voorhees)

• Fisheries (Chairman: Francis B. Stockbridge; Ranking Member: Wade Hampton III)

• Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Select) (Chairman: Matthew C. Butler; Ranking Member: J. Donald Cameron)

• Foreign Relations (Chairman: John Sherman; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan)

• Immigration (Chairman: William E. Chandler; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson)

• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Henry L. Dawes; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan)

• Interstate Commerce (Chairman: Shelby M. Cullom; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)

• Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands (Select) (Chairman: William M. Stewart; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)

• Judiciary (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: James L. Pugh)

• Library (Chairman: William M. Evarts; Ranking Member: Daniel W. Voorhees)

• Manufactures (Chairman: James McMillan; Ranking Member: Alfred H. Colquitt)

• Military Affairs (Chairman: Joseph R. Hawley; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)

• Mines and Mining (Chairman: William M. Stewart; Ranking Member: William B. Bate)

• Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select) (Chairman: William D. Washburn; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)

• Naval Affairs (Chairman: J. Donald Cameron; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson)

• Nicaraguan Claims (Select) (Chairman: John Tyler Morgan; Ranking Member: George F. Hoar)

• Organization, Conduct and Expeditures of the Executive Departments (Chairman: Frank Hiscock; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)

• Patents (Chairman: Henry M. Teller; Ranking Member: George Gray)

• Pensions (Chairman: Cushman K. Davis; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce)

• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Philetus Sawyer; Ranking Member: Nathan F. Dixon)

• Potomac River Front (Select) (Chairman: John R. McPherson; Ranking Member: Charles F. Manderson)

• Printing (Chairman: Charles F. Manderson; Ranking Member: Arthur P. Gorman)

• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Matt W. Ransom; Ranking Member: William M. Stewart)

• Privileges and Elections (Chairman: George F. Hoar; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance)

• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Leland Stanford; Ranking Member: George G. Vest)

• Public Lands (Chairman: Preston B. Plumb; Ranking Member: Richard F. Pettigrew)

• Quadrocentennial (Select) (Chairman: Frank Hiscock; Ranking Member: James B. Eustis)

• Railroads (Chairman: John H. Mitchell; Ranking Member: Joseph E. Brown)

• Revision of the Laws (Chairman: James F. Wilson; Ranking Member: Ephraim K. Wilson)

• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Richard Coke; Ranking Member: Justin S. Morrill)

• Rules (Chairman: Nelson W. Aldrich; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)

• Senate Administrative Services (Select)

• Tariff Regulation (Select)

• Territories (Chairman: Orville H. Platt; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce)

• Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select) (Chairman: George G. Vest; Ranking Member: Randall L. Gibson)

• Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Chairman: Matthew S. Quay; Ranking Member: Randall L. Gibson)

• Whole

• Woman Suffrage (Select) (Chairman: Zebulon B. Vance; Ranking Member: Charles B. Farwell)

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Henry J. Spooner; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock)

• Agriculture (Chairman: Edward H. Funston; Ranking Member: William H. Hatch)

• Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Select)

• Appropriations (Chairman: Joseph G. Cannon; Ranking Member: Samuel J. Randall)

• Banking and Currency (Chairman: George W.E. Dorsey; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed)

• Claims (Chairman: William G. Laidlaw; Ranking Member: George W. Dargan)

• Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Charles P. Wickham; Ranking Member: Richard P. Bland)

• Commerce (Chairman: Charles S. Baker; Ranking Member: Henry Stockbridge Jr.)

• Disposition of Executive Papers

• District of Columbia (Chairman: William W. Grout; Ranking Member: John J. Hemphill)

• Education (Chairman: James O'Donnell; Ranking Member: Henry P. Cheatham)

• Elections (Chairman: Jonathan H. Rowell; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock)

• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Robert P. Kennedy; Ranking Member: Constantine B. Kilgore)

• Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman: Robert M. La Follette; Ranking Member: Edward Lane)

• Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Nathaniel P. Banks; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson)

• Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: James S. Sherman; Ranking Member: John C. Tarsney)

• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: John G. Sawyer; Ranking Member: Judson C. Clements)

• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: John M. Brower; Ranking Member: Thomas S. Flood)

• Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Joseph A. Scranton; Ranking Member: Marion Biggs)

• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Louis E. Atkinson; Ranking Member: William Cogswell)

• Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Robert M. Yardley; Ranking Member: William C.P. Breckinridge)

• Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Thomas S. Flood; Ranking Member: Joseph H. O'Neil)

• Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Robert R. Hitt; Ranking Member: Hamilton D. Coleman)

• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Bishop W. Perkins; Ranking Member: John L. Wilson)

• Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Edmund N. Morrill; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws)

• Judiciary (Chairman: Ezra B. Taylor; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed)

• Labor (Chairman: William H. Wade; Ranking Member: Aaron T. Bliss)

• Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River (Chairman: Julius C. Burrows; Ranking Member: Charles D. Beckwith)

• Manufactures (Chairman: James Buchanan; Ranking Member: William D. Bynum)

• Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: John M. Farquhar; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart)

• Mileage (Chairman: John Lind; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Clunie)

• Military Affairs (Chairman: Byron M. Cutcheon; Ranking Member: Samuel P. Snider)

• Militia (Chairman: David B. Henderson; Ranking Member: Harrison Kelley)

• Mines and Mining (Chairman: Thomas H. Carter; Ranking Member: Myron H. McCord)

• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Charles A. Boutelle; Ranking Member: Hamilton D. Coleman)

• Pacific Railroads (Chairman: John Dalzell; Ranking Member: James P. Flick)

• Patents (Chairman: Benjamin Butterworth; Ranking Member: H. Clay Evans)

• Pensions (Chairman: Milton De Lano; Ranking Member: Thomas H. B. Browne)

• Printing (Chairman: Charles A. Russell; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson)

• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Lucien B. Caswell; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart)

• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Henry H. Bingham; Ranking Member: James H. Blount)

• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Seth L. Milliken; Ranking Member: Oscar S. Gifford)

• Public Lands (Chairman: Lewis E. Payson; Ranking Member: William S. Holman)

• Railways and Canals (Chairman: Henry C. McCormick; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws)

• Revision of Laws (Chairman: Thomas M. Browne; Ranking Member: Frederic T. Greenhalge)

• Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson; Ranking Member: Frederick G. Niedringhaus)

• Rules (Chairman: Charles F. Crisp; Ranking Member: James H. Blount)

• Standards of Official Conduct

• Territories (Chairman: Isaac S. Struble; Ranking Member: George W. Smith)

• War Claims (Chairman: Ormsby B. Thomas; Ranking Member: Jonathan P. Dolliver)

• Ways and Means (Chairman: William McKinley; Ranking Member: John G. Carlisle)

• Whole

Joint committees

• Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

• Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers

• The Library

• Printing

Caucuses

• Democratic (House)

• Democratic (Senate)

Employees

List of federal agencies in the United States#United States CongressLegislative branch agency directors

• Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark

• Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford

Public Printer of the United States: Thomas E. Benedict, until 1889

• Francis W. Palmer, from 1889

Senate

• Chaplain: John G. Butler (Lutheran)

• Secretary: Anson G. McCook

• Librarian: Alonzo M. Church

Sergeant at Arms: William P. Canady, until June 30, 1890

• Edward K. Valentine, from June 30, 1890

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: William H. Milburn (Methodist)

Clerk: John B. Clark Jr., until December 2, 1889

• Edward McPherson, from December 2, 1889

• Doorkeeper: Charles E. Adams

Postmaster: James L. Wheat, resigned October 1, 1890

• James W. Hathaway, elected December 10, 1890

Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Nathaniel T. Crutchfield

• Edward F. Goodwin

• Reading Clerks: John A. Reeve (D) and Azro J. Maxham (R)

Sergeant at Arms: John P. Leedom, until December 2, 1889

• Adoniram J. Holmes, from December 2, 1889

See also

1888 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)

• 1888 United States presidential election

• 1888–89 United States Senate elections

• 1888 United States House of Representatives elections

1890 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)

• 1890–91 United States Senate elections

• 1890 United States House of Representatives elections

Notes

References

External links

• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

• U.S. House of Representatives: House History

• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists