Lifshitz (or Lifschitz) is a surname, which may be derived from the Polish city of Głubczyce (German: Leobschütz).

The surname has many variants, including: , , Lifshits, Lifshuts, Lifshutz, Lefschetz; Lipschitz (Lipshitz), Lipshits, Lipchitz, Lipschutz (Lipschütz), Lipshutz, Lipsitz, Lüpschütz; Libschitz; Livshits; Livshitz; Lifszyc, Lipszyc.

Notable people with the surname include:

• Ada Yonath born Ada Esther Lifshitz (1939–2026), Israeli biochemist and Nobel laureate

• Asaf Lifshitz (1942–2025), Israeli sculptor

• Chava Lifshitz (1936–2005), Austrian-Israeli chemist

• Deborah Lifchitz or Lifszyc (1907–1942), Polish-French ethnologist and linguist

• Dovid Lifshitz (1906–1993), Suvalker Rav, taught at Yeshiva University

• Rabbi Eliezer Meir Lifshitz (18791946), for whom the Lifshitz College of Education was named

• Evgeny Lifshitz (19151985), Soviet physicist

• Ilya Lifshitz (19171982), Soviet physicist (brother of Evgeny)

• J. D. Lifshitz (born 1992), American film director

• May Simón Lifschitz (born 1995), actress and transgender model of Danish and Argentinian descent

• Miguel Lifschitz (1955–2021), Argentine politician, former mayor of the city of Rosario, Santa Fe

• Mikhail Lifshitz (19051983), Soviet literary critic and aesthetics philosopher

• Mosze Lifszyc (Aleksander Ford, 19081980), Polish film director

• Nechama Lifshitz (19272017), Soviet–Israeli singer

• Ofer Lifschitz (born 1958), chairman of Brit Olam party, Israel

• Ralph Lauren (born Ralph Lifshitz 1939), American fashion designer and business executive

• Sébastien Lifshitz (born 1968), French screenwriter and director

• Vladimir Lifschitz (born 1947), Soviet-American computer scientist

• Yaron Lifschitz (born 1970), Australian theatre director most notable for his involvement in the circus arts