Luciani is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Albino Luciani (1912–1978), Italian pope of the Catholic Church (John Paul I)

• Alessio Luciani (born 1990), Italian footballer

• Antonino Riccardo Luciani (1931–2020), Italian classical composer and conductor

• Clara Luciani (born 1992), French musician

• Dante Luciani (born 1985), Canadian football wide receiver

• Franco Luciani (born 1981), Argentine musician and composer

• Giacomo Luciani, Italian expert on the geopolitics of energy

• Lucila Luciani de Pérez Díaz (1882–1971), Venezuelan historian, musician and feminist

• Luigi Luciani (1842–1919), Italian neuroscientist

• Luigi Luciani (footballer) (born 1996), Italian football player

• Marie-Ange Luciani (born 1979), French film producer

• Nicoletta Luciani (born 1979), Italian professional volleyball player

• Sebastiano Luciani (c. 1485–1547), Italian Renaissance-Mannerist painter, better known as Sebastiano del Piombo