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Wikipedia / Manihot

Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.

Species of Manihot are monoecious trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the Americas, from Arizona in the United States south to Argentina and Uruguay. The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava (Manihot esculenta).

Manihot species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera including Endoclita sericeus and Hypercompe hambletoni.

  1. Species

  2. Manihot acuminatissima Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Bahia

  3. Manihot aesculifolia (Kunth) Pohl – Mexico, Central America

  4. Manihot alutacea D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás

  5. Manihot angustiloba (Torr.) Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Arizona

  6. Manihot anisophylla (Griseb.) Müll.Arg. – N Argentina

  7. Manihot anomala Pohl – South America

  8. Manihot attenuata Müll.Arg. - Goiás

  9. Manihot auriculata McVaugh – Jalisco, Nayarit

  10. Manihot baccata Allem – Fr Guiana, NE Brazil

  11. Manihot boliviana Pax & K.Hoffm. - Bolivia

  12. Manihot brachyandra Pax & K.Hoffm. – Bahia

  13. Manihot brachyloba Müll.Arg. – Central Amer, Dominican Rep, N South America

  14. Manihot brachystachys Pax & K.Hoffm. - Brazil

  15. Manihot brasiliana Mendoza et al. - Goiás, Brazil

  16. Manihot breviloba – Sergipe

  17. Manihot caerulescens Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay

  18. Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Müll.Arg. – N South America, Trinidad, Curaçao

  19. Manihot catingae Ule – Bahia, Minas Gerais

  20. Manihot caudata Greenm. – N Mexico

  21. Manihot cecropiifolia – Goiás, Distrito Federal

  22. Manihot chlorosticta Standl. & Goldman – Mexico

  23. Manihot compositifolia Allem – Bahia

  24. Manihot condensata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Bolivia

  25. Manihot congesta Mendoza et al. - Goiás, Brazil

  26. Manihot corymbiflora Pax & K.Hoffm. – Rio de Janeiro

  27. Manihot crassisepala Pax & K.Hoffm. – México State, Morelos, Jalisco

  28. Manihot crotalariiformis Pohl – Minas Gerais

  29. Manihot davisiae Croizat – Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa

  30. Manihot diamantinensis Allem – Bahia

  31. Manihot dichotoma Ule – NE Brazil

  32. Manihot divergens Pohl – Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais

  33. Manihot epruinosa Pax & K.Hoffm. – Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia

  34. Manihot esculenta Crantz – from Mexico to Brazil

  35. Manihot falcata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás, Distrito Federal

  36. Manihot filamentosa Pittier – NW Venezuela

  37. Manihot flemingiana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso

  38. Manihot foetida (Kunth) Pohl – C + N Mexico

  39. Manihot fortalezensis Nassar, D.G.Ribeiro, Bomfim & P.T.C.Gomes – Ceará

  40. Manihot fruticulosa (Pax) D.J.Rogers & Appan – Brazil

  41. Manihot gabrielensis Allem – Goiás

  42. Manihot gracilis Pohl – Paraguay, Brazil

  43. Manihot grahamii Hook. – S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay

  44. Manihot guaranitica Chodat & Hassl. – N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia

  45. Manihot handroana Cruz – Minas Gerais

  46. Manihot hassleriana – Paraguay

  47. Manihot heptaphylla Ule – Bahia

  48. Manihot hilariana Baill. – Minas Gerais

  49. Manihot hunzikeriana Mart.Crov. – Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones

  50. Manihot incisa - Goiás, Brazil

  51. Manihot inflata Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná

  52. Manihot irwinii D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás

  53. Manihot jacobinensis Müll.Arg. – Mato Grosso, Bahia

  54. Manihot janiphoides Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Minas Gerais

  55. Manihot jolyana Cruz – São Paulo

  56. Manihot leptophylla Pax – NW South America

  57. Manihot longepetiolata Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais

  58. Manihot maracasensis Ule – Bahia

  59. Manihot marajoara Huber – Pará, Amapá

  60. Manihot mcvaughii V.W.Steinm. – Michoacán

  61. Manihot membranacea Pax & K.Hoffm. – Mato Grosso

  62. Manihot michaelis McVaugh – Colima, Jalisco

  63. Manihot mirabilis Pax – Paraguay

  64. Manihot mossamedensis Taub. – Goiás

  65. Manihot nana Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Minas Gerais

  66. Manihot neusana Nassar – Paraná

  67. Manihot nogueirae Allem – Distrito Federal

  68. Manihot oaxacana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Oaxaca

  69. Manihot obovata J.Jiménez Ram. – Guerrero

  70. Manihot oligantha Pax & K.Hoffm. – Goiás

  71. Manihot orbicularis Pohl – Goiás

  72. Manihot palmata Müll.Arg. – Rio de Janeiro

  73. Manihot pauciflora Brandegee – Puebla, Oaxaca

  74. Manihot paviifolia Pohl – Goiás

  75. Manihot peltata Pohl – Goiás

  76. Manihot pentaphylla Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay

  77. Manihot peruviana Müll.Arg. – Loreto, San Martin

  78. Manihot pilosa Pohl – E Brazil

  79. Manihot pinatiloba Goiás, Brazil

  80. Manihot pohliana Müll.Arg. – Bahia

  81. Manihot pohlii Wawra – Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro

  82. Manihot populifolia Pax – Paraguay

  83. Manihot porphyrantha Goiás, Brazil

  84. Manihot pringlei S.Watson – Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro

  85. Manihot procumbens Müll.Arg. – Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraguay

  86. Manihot pruinosa Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás

  87. Manihot pseudoglaziovii Pax & K.Hoffm. – Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba

  88. Manihot pulchrifolius M.J. Silva – Brazil

  89. Manihot purpureocostata Pohl – Goiás

  90. Manihot pusilla Pohl – Goiás

  91. Manihot quinquefolia Pohl – Bahia

  92. Manihot quinqueloba Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás

  93. Manihot quinquepartita Huber ex D.J.Rogers & Appan – Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso

  94. Manihot reniformis Pohl – Bahia

  95. Manihot reptans Pax – Goiás, Minas Gerais

  96. Manihot rhomboidea Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Central America

  97. Manihot rubricaulis I.M.Johnst. – Mexico

  98. Manihot sagittatopartita Pohl – Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais

  99. Manihot salicifolia Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás

  100. Manihot sparsifolia Pohl – Goiás

  101. Manihot stipularis Pax – Distrito Federal, Goiás

  102. Manihot stricta Baill. – Peru, Mato Grosso, Goiás

  103. Manihot subspicata Rogers & Appan – Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas

  104. Manihot surinamensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas

  105. Manihot tenella Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Paraguay

  106. Manihot tomatophylla Standl. – Morelos, Jalisco, Michoacán

  107. Manihot tomentosa Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais

  108. Manihot triloba (Sessé) McVaugh ex Miranda – Mexico

  109. Manihot tripartita (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. – Brazil, Paraguay

  110. Manihot triphylla Pohl – Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais

  111. Manihot tristis Müll.Arg. – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas, N Brazil

  112. Manihot variifolia Pax & K.Hoffm. – Paraguay

  113. Manihot violacea Pohl – Brazil

  114. Manihot walkerae Croizat – Texas, Tamaulipas

  115. Manihot websteri D.J.Rogers & Appan – Puebla, Oaxaca

  116. Manihot weddelliana Baill. – Goiás

  117. Manihot xavantinensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso

  118. Manihot zehntneri Ule – Bahia

  119. variety treated as a species

  120. Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii = Manihot glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem

  121. formerly included

moved to Aleurites Cnidoscolus Jatropha

  1. M. curcas – Jatropha curcas

  2. M. diversifolia – Jatropha diversifolia

  3. M. gossypiifolia – Jatropha gossypiifolia

  4. M. herbacea – Cnidoscolus urens

  5. M. moluccana – Aleurites moluccanus

  6. M. multifida – Jatropha multifida

  7. M. spinosissima – Cnidoscolus vitifolius

  8. M. urens – Cnidoscolus urens

Pollination

Monoecy was demonstrated by Jennings 1963 and George & Shifriss 1967.

References