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Wikipedia / Manubaran languages

The Manubaran languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around Mount Brown in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of TransNew Guinea.

Languages

The languages are Doromu and Maria, and are 63% lexically similar.

Proto-language

Phonemes

Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:

  1. {|

| *m || *n || || || |- | *p || *t || || *k || *ʔ |- | *b || *d || || *g || |- | || *s || || || [*h] |- | *w || *ɾ || *j || || |} Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.

Pronouns

Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:

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! !!sg!!pl |- !1 |*na ||*[o/u]na |- !2 |colspan=2|*ja |- !3 |colspan=2|*ina |}

Basic vocabulary

Usher (2020)

Some lexical reconstructions of Proto-Mount Brown and Proto-Doromu-Koki, as well as Proto-Gebi and Proto-Maria, by Usher (2020) are:

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! gloss !! Proto-Mount Brown !! Proto-Doromu-Koki !! Proto-Gebi !! Proto-Maria |- ! head | *ada || *ada || ada || *ada |- ! hair/feather(s) | *u[w]e[t/k]a || *u[w]eta || uweta || *u[w]eʔa |- ! ear | *anema || *anema || anema || *anema |- ! eye | *ne || *ne || ne-una || ne[ʔ]una |- ! nose | *uɾuma || *uɾuma || uruma || *uɾuma |- ! tooth | *gade || *gade || gadi || *gade |- ! tongue | *api[j]e || *aɸi[j]e || api || *aɸi[j]e |- ! blood | *daweʔa || *dawaʔa || dawa || *daweʔa |- ! bone | *nena || *nena || nena || *nena |- ! skin/bark | *ɾoʔo || *ɾoʔo || lo-o || *ɾoʔo |- ! breast | *sisu || *sisu || sisu || *hihu |- ! louse | *gu[w]e || *gu[w]e || gu-e || *gu[w]e |- ! dog | *auna || *auna || auna || *auna |- ! pig | *dona || *dona || dona || *dona |- ! bird | *eɾena || *eɾena || eerma || *eɾena |- ! egg | *unema || *unema || unema || *unema |- ! tree | *jabo || *jabo || iabo || *jabo |- ! man/husband | *ami[j]e || *ami[j]e || amie || *ami[j]e |- ! woman/wife | *ɾema || *ɾema || lema || |- ! sun | *me[i]daʔa || *me[i]daʔa || meda || *me[i]daʔa |- ! moon | *ejoʔa || *ejoʔo || e-io || *ejoʔa |- ! water/river | *koɾu || *koɾu || oru ≈ koro- || *ʔoɾu |- ! fire | *ita || *ita || ita || *iha |- ! stone | *waʔiga || || waiga || *waʔiga |- ! path | *ida || *ida || ida || |- ! name | *ɾoka || *ɾoka || || *ɾoʔa |- ! eat/drink | *iɾi- || *iɾi- || || *iɾi- |- ! one | *jokohi || *jokoi || jokio || *joʔohi |- ! two | *[ɾ/j]ema || *[ɾ]ema || lema || *jema |}

Ross (2014)

The following basic vocabulary words of Proto-Manubaran and lower-level reconstructions by Malcolm Ross (2014) are from the Trans-New Guinea database:

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! gloss !! Proto-Manubaran !! Proto-Doromu !! Proto-Maria |- ! head | *ada || *ada || *ada |- ! hair | *weʔia || *ue-ta || *ueʔa |- ! ear | *ane-ma || *ane-ma || *ane-ma |- ! eye | *ne(u) || *ne(-) || *ne- |- ! nose | *uru-ma || *uru-ma || *uru-ma |- ! tooth | *gade || *gade || *gade |- ! tongue | *afie || *afie || *ahie |- ! leg | *[n,y]u-ka || *yu-ka || *nu-ʔa; *one-ʔa |- ! louse | *gue || *gue || *gue |- ! dog | *auna || *auna || *auna |- ! pig | *Dona || *dona || *tona |- ! bird | *erena || *erena || *erena |- ! egg | *une-ma || *une-ma || *une-ma |- ! blood | || *tava || *tae(k,ʔ)a |- ! bone | *nena || *nena || *nena |- ! skin | *roʔ(o,a) || *ro(a) || *roʔ(o,a) |- ! tree | *yabo || *yabo || *yabo |- ! man | *amie || *amie || *amie |- ! woman | || *rema || *oue |- ! sky | *gure || *gure || *gure |- ! sun | *maida(ka) || *meida(ka) || *maidaʔa |- ! moon | *e(y)oʔa; *mohe- (?) || || *eoʔa |- ! water | *koru || *koru || *ʔoru |- ! fire | *ita || *ita || *ita |- ! stone | || *fore || *vaʔiga |- ! name | *roka || *roka || *roʔa-ba |- ! eat | *iri- || *iri || *iri- |- ! one | *yokohi || *yokoima || *yoʔohi |- ! two | *(ye)(ka)ma[nu] || *re-manu || *ye-ma |}

Evolution

Maria reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:

  • ama ‘mother’ < *am(a,i)

  • baba(e) ‘father’ < *mbapa

  • kuyau ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a

  • ita(isa) ‘tree’ < *inda

References

Further reading