Wikipedia / Miami Open (tennis)
Wikipedia / Miami Open (tennis)
The Miami Open is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Miami Gardens, Florida, United States. It is played on outdoor hardcourts at the Hard Rock Stadium, and is held in late March and early April. The tournament is part of the ATP 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour, and is currently called "Miami Open presented by Itaú" on the official ATP and WTA websites and on its advertising logo since 2015.
The tournament was held at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida, from 1987 through 2018, featuring the top 96 men and women tennis players in the world. It moved to Miami Gardens for 2019. Winning both the Indian Wells Open and Miami Open in the same year is called the "Sunshine Double" — since they are a series of two elite, consecutive hard court tournaments in the United States and are held in Florida (the Sunshine State) and the sunny desert community of Indian Wells.
In 2023, the 12-day tournament was attended by over 386,000 attendees, making it one of the largest tennis tournaments outside the four Grand Slam tournaments. Since 2026 it is also an ITF Wheelchair Tennis Tour tournament in the WT500 level for both men's and women's professional players in singles and doubles draws.
Tournament names
Official
1985–1992; International Players Championships
1993–1999; Miami Open Championships
2000–2008; Miami Masters (for men), Miami Open (for women)
2009–current; Miami Open
Sponsored
1985–1992; Lipton International Players Championships
1993–1999; Lipton Championships
2000–2001; Ericsson Open
2002–2006; NASDAQ-100 Open
2007–2012; Sony Ericsson Open
2013–2014; Sony Open Tennis
2015–present; Miami Open presented by Itaú
History
The initial idea of holding an international tennis tournament in Miami was born in the 1960s, when famous tennis players such as Pancho Gonzalez, Jack Kramer, Pancho Segura, Frank Sedgman, and Butch Buchholz toured across the country in a station wagon, playing tennis in fairgrounds with portable canvas court. The tournament officially was founded by former player Butch Buchholz who was executive director of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in the 1980s. His original aim was to make the event the first major tournament of the year (the Australian Open was held in December at that time), and he dubbed it the "Winter Wimbledon". Buchholz approached the ATP and the WTA, offering to provide the prize-money and to give them a percentage of the ticket sales and worldwide television rights in return for the right to run the tournament for 15 years. The two associations agreed.
In 1982 the earlier WCT Gold Coast Cup tournament was played at Delray Beach that was usually held end of January early February. That event ran on the WCT Circuit until 1983 then was stopped. It was played at the Laver International Tennis Resort. This event was succeeded by the International Player's Championships hosted at the same venue and location in 1985.
The first tournament was held in February 1985 at Laver's International Tennis Resort in Delray Beach, Florida. Buchholz brought in Alan Mills, the tournament referee at Wimbledon, as the head referee, and Ted Tinling, a well-known tennis fashion designer since the 1920s, as the director of protocol. At the time, the prize money of US$1.8 million was surpassed only by Wimbledon and the US Open. The event's prize money has since grown to over $13 million.
The event was first sponsored by the Thomas J. Lipton Company under its brand name the Lipton International Players Championships.
In 1986, the tournament was played at Boca West. After its successful year there, Merrett Stierheim, Dade County manager and Women's Tennis Association (WTA) president, helped Buchholz move the tournament to its long-term home in Key Biscayne from 1987. In keeping with ambitions of its founder, the tournament has been maintained as one of the premier events in pro tennis after the Grand Slam tournaments and the ATP World Tour Finals sometimes referred to as the "Fifth major" up until the mid-2000s. In 1999, Buchholz sold the tournament to IMG. In 2004, the Indian Wells Masters also expanded to a multi-week 96 player field, and since then, the two events have been colloquially termed the "Sunshine Double".
The aging Crandon Park facility had been criticized as the slowest hard court on the tour, subjecting players to endless grinding rallies in extreme heat and humidity. The land on which the Crandon Park facility stands had been donated to Miami-Dade County by the Matheson family in 1992 under a stipulation that only one stadium could be built on it. The tournament organizers proposed a $50 million upgrade of Crandon Park that would have added several permanent stadiums, and the family responded with a lawsuit. In 2015, an appeals court ruled in the family's favor, preventing upgrades from being made to the aging complex. The organizers decided not to pursue further legal action and started looking for a new site. In November 2017, the Miami Open signed an agreement with Miami-Dade County to move the annual tournament from the tennis complex in Key Biscayne to Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida beginning in 2019.
The stadium is primarily used for American football; a modified seating layout with temporary grandstands is used as center court. While it has the same number of seats as the center court at Crandon Park, it also has access to the stadium's luxury seating and suites. New permanent courts were also built on the site's parking lots, including a new grandstand court.
The 2020 Miami Open was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; the tournament was held with limited attendance, and Hard Rock Stadium proper was therefore not used.
The tournament has had multiple sponsorships in its history. During its inaugural playing in 1985, the tournament was known as the Lipton International Players Championships and it was a premier event of the Grand Prix Tennis Tour. In 2000, the event was renamed the Ericsson Open and in 2002, the event became known as the NASDAQ-100 Open. In 2007, the tournament was renamed the Sony Ericsson Open. Since 2015, the international bank Itaú has been the presenting sponsor.
Event characteristics
Beside the four major championships, the Miami Open is one of a small number of events on the ATP and WTA Tours where the main singles draw (for both the men and the women) involves more than 64 players, and where main draw play extends beyond one week. 96 men and 96 women compete in the singles competition, and 32 teams compete in each of the doubles competitions with the event lasting 12 days.
In 2006, the tournament became the first event in the United States to use Hawk-Eye to allow players to challenge close line calls. Players were allowed three challenges per set, with an additional challenge allowed for tiebreaks. The first challenge was made by Jamea Jackson against Ashley Harkleroad in the first round.
From 1985 until 1990, from 1996 to 2002, and again from 2004 to 2007, the men's final was held as a best-of-five set match, similar to the Grand Slam events. From 1987 to 1989, the entire tournament, in every round, was best-of-five sets. After 2007, the ATP required that the handful of ATP World Tour Masters 1000 events which had best-of-five finals switch to the usual ATP best-of-three match format because several times the participants in long finals matches ended up withdrawing from tennis tournaments they were scheduled to participate in which were commencing in only two or three days. The last best-of-five set final was won by Novak Djokovic against Guillermo Cañas in 2007.
Past finals
Men's singles
Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
Tim Mayotte (1/1) | 4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4 | ||
Ivan Lendl (1/2) | 3–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–5), 6–4 | ||
Miloslav Mečíř (1/1) | Ivan Lendl | 7–5, 6–2, 7–5 | |
Mats Wilander (1/1) | 6–4, 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 | ||
Ivan Lendl (2/2) | |||
Andre Agassi (1/6) | 6–1, 6–4, 0–6, 6–2 | ||
Jim Courier (1/1) | 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 | ||
Michael Chang (1/1) | 7–5, 7–5 | ||
Pete Sampras (1/3) | 6–3, 6–2 | ||
Pete Sampras (2/3) | Andre Agassi | 5–7, 6–3, 6–3 | |
Andre Agassi (2/6) | Pete Sampras | 3–6, 6–2, 7–6(7–3) | |
Andre Agassi (3/6) | 3–0 ret. | ||
Thomas Muster (1/1) | 7–6(8–6), 6–3, 6–1 | ||
Marcelo Ríos (1/1) | 7–5, 6–3, 6–4 | ||
Richard Krajicek (1/1) | 4–6, 6–1, 6–2, 7–5 | ||
Pete Sampras (3/3) | |||
Andre Agassi (4/6) | 7–6(7–4), 6–1, 6–0 | ||
Andre Agassi (5/6) | 6–3, 6–3, 3–6, 6–4 | ||
Andre Agassi (6/6) | 6–3, 6–3 | ||
Andy Roddick (1/2) | 6–7(2–7), 6–3, 6–1, ret. | ||
Roger Federer (1/4) | 2–6, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–5), 6–3, 6–1 | ||
Roger Federer (2/4) | 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–4), 7–6(8–6) | ||
Novak Djokovic (1/6) | 6–3, 6–2, 6–4 | ||
(1/1) | Rafael Nadal | 6–4, 6–2 | |
Andy Murray (1/2) | Novak Djokovic | 6–2, 7–5 | |
Andy Roddick (2/2) | 7–5, 6–4 | ||
Novak Djokovic (2/6) | Rafael Nadal | 4–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–4) | |
Novak Djokovic (3/6) | 6–1, 7–6(7–4) | ||
Andy Murray (2/2) | 2–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–1) | ||
Novak Djokovic (4/6) | Rafael Nadal | 6–3, 6–3 | |
Novak Djokovic (5/6) | Andy Murray | 7–6(7–3), 4–6, 6–0 | |
Novak Djokovic (6/6) | 6–3, 6–3 | ||
Roger Federer (3/4) | Rafael Nadal | 6–3, 6–4 | |
John Isner (1/1) | 6–7(4–7), 6–4, 6–4 | ||
Roger Federer (4/4) | John Isner | 6–1, 6–4 | |
2020 | cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic. | ||
Hubert Hurkacz (1/1) | 7–6(7–4), 6–4 | ||
Carlos Alcaraz (1/1) | 7–5, 6–4 | ||
Daniil Medvedev (1/1) | Jannik Sinner | 7–5, 6–3 | |
Jannik Sinner (1/2) | 6–3, 6–1 | ||
Jakub Menšík (1/1) | Novak Djokovic | 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–4) | |
Jannik Sinner (2/2) | 6–4, 6–4 |
Women's singles
Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
↓ Tour Events (Uncategorized) ↓ | |||
Martina Navratilova (1/1) | 6–2, 6–4 | ||
Chris Evert (1/1) | 6–4, 6–2 | ||
↓ Category 4 ↓ | |||
Steffi Graf (1/5) | Chris Evert | 6–1, 6–2 | |
Steffi Graf (2/5) | Chris Evert | 6–4, 6–4 | |
Gabriela Sabatini (1/1) | Chris Evert | 6–1, 4–6, 6–2 | |
Monica Seles (1/2) | 6–1, 6–2 | ||
Monica Seles (2/2) | 6–3, 7–5 | ||
Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (1/2) | Gabriela Sabatini | 6–1, 6–4 | |
Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (2/2) | 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 | ||
Steffi Graf (3/5) | 4–6, 6–1, 6–2 | ||
Steffi Graf (4/5) | 6–1, 6–4 | ||
Steffi Graf (5/5) | 6–1, 6–3 | ||
Martina Hingis (1/2) | 6–2, 6–1 | ||
Venus Williams (1/3) | 2–6, 6–4, 6–1 | ||
Venus Williams (2/3) | 6–1, 4–6, 6–4 | ||
Martina Hingis (2/2) | 6–3, 6–2 | ||
Venus Williams (3/3) | 4–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–4) | ||
Serena Williams (1/8) | Jennifer Capriati | 7–5, 7–6(7–4) | |
Serena Williams (2/8) | Jennifer Capriati | 4–6, 6–4, 6–1 | |
Serena Williams (3/8) | 6–1, 6–1 | ||
Kim Clijsters (1/2) | 6–3, 7–5 | ||
Svetlana Kuznetsova (1/1) | Maria Sharapova | 6–4, 6–3 | |
Serena Williams (4/8) | 0–6, 7–5, 6–3 | ||
Serena Williams (5/8) | 6–1, 5–7, 6–3 | ||
Victoria Azarenka (1/3) | Serena Williams | 6–3, 6–1 | |
Kim Clijsters (2/2) | 6–2, 6–1 | ||
Victoria Azarenka (2/3) | Maria Sharapova | 6–1, 6–4 | |
Agnieszka Radwańska (1/1) | Maria Sharapova | 7–5, 6–4 | |
Serena Williams (6/8) | Maria Sharapova | 4–6, 6–3, 6–0 | |
Serena Williams (7/8) | 7–5, 6–1 | ||
Serena Williams (8/8) | 6–2, 6–0 | ||
Victoria Azarenka (3/3) | 6–3, 6–2 | ||
Johanna Konta (1/1) | 6–4, 6–3 | ||
Sloane Stephens (1/1) | 7–6(7–5), 6–1 | ||
Ashleigh Barty (1/2) | 7–6(7–1), 6–3 | ||
2020 | cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic. | ||
Ashleigh Barty (2/2) | 6–3, 4–0 ret. | ||
Iga Świątek (1/1) | 6–4, 6–0 | ||
Petra Kvitová (1/1) | 7–6(16–14), 6–2 | ||
Danielle Collins (1/1) | Elena Rybakina | 7–5, 6–3 | |
Aryna Sabalenka (1/2) | 7–5, 6–2 | ||
Aryna Sabalenka (2/2) | 6–2, 4–6, 6–3 |
Men's doubles
Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
7–5, 7–5, 6–4 | |||
walkover | |||
Paul Annacone (2) Christo van Rensburg (2) | 6–2, 6–4, 6–4 | ||
7–6, 6–1, 7–5 | |||
Jakob Hlasek Anders Järryd (2) | 6–3 (ret.) | ||
6–3, 6–4 | |||
5–7, 7–6, 6–2 | |||
Ken Flach Todd Witsken | 6–4, 6–3 | ||
6–7, 6–4, 7–6 | |||
7–6, 7–6 | |||
6–3, 7–6 | |||
Todd Woodbridge (2) Mark Woodforde (2) | 6–1, 6–3 | ||
Todd Woodbridge (3) Mark Woodforde (3) | 7–6, 7–6 | ||
6–2, 6–4 | |||
6–1, 6–1 | |||
Todd Woodbridge (4) Mark Woodforde (4) | 6–3, 6–4 | ||
Jonas Björkman Todd Woodbridge | 7–5, 7–6(7–3) | ||
6–3, 3–6, 6–1 | |||
7–5, 6–3 | |||
Wayne Black (2) Kevin Ullyett | 6–2, 7–6(14–12) | ||
Jonas Björkman Max Mirnyi (2) | 6–1, 6–2 | ||
Jonas Björkman (2) Max Mirnyi (3) | 6–4, 6–4 | ||
6–7(7–9), 6–3, [10–7] | |||
Bob Bryan (2) Mike Bryan (2) | 6–2, 6–2 | ||
Max Mirnyi (4) Andy Ram | 6–7(4–7), 6–2, [10–7] | ||
Mahesh Bhupathi Max Mirnyi | 6–2, 7–5 | ||
Mahesh Bhupathi Leander Paes (2) | Max Mirnyi Daniel Nestor | 6–7(5–7), 6–2, [10–5] | |
Leander Paes (3) Radek Štěpánek | Max Mirnyi Daniel Nestor | 3–6, 6–1, [10–8] | |
6–4, 6–1 | |||
Bob Bryan (3) Mike Bryan (3) | 7–6(10–8), 6–4 | ||
Bob Bryan (4) Mike Bryan (4) | 6–3, 1–6, [10–8] | ||
5–7, 6–1, [10–7] | |||
7–5, 6–3 | |||
Bob Bryan (5) Mike Bryan (5) | 4–6, 7–6(7–5), [10–4] | ||
Bob Bryan (6) Mike Bryan (6) | 7–5, 7–6(10–8) | ||
2020 | cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic. | ||
6–4, 6–4 | |||
Wesley Koolhof Neal Skupski | 7–6(7–5), 6–4 | ||
7–6(7–4), 7–5 | |||
Ivan Dodig Austin Krajicek | 6–7(3–7), 6–3, [10–6] | ||
Marcelo Arévalo Mate Pavić (2) | 7–6(7–3), 6–3 | ||
6–4, 6–2 |
Women's doubles
Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
7–6(7–4), 6–2 | |||
6–2, 6–3 | |||
Martina Navratilova (2) Pam Shriver (2) | 6–3, 7–6(8–6) | ||
7–6(8–6), 6–3 | |||
Jana Novotná Helena Suková (2) | Gigi Fernández Lori McNeil | 7–6(7–5), 6–4 | |
Jana Novotná (2) Helena Suková (3) | 6–4, 6–3 | ||
Gigi Fernández Jana Novotná | 7–5, 6–2 | ||
7–5, 5–7, 6–3 | |||
Jana Novotná (3) Larisa Savchenko Neiland (2) | Jill Hetherington Kathy Rinaldi | 6–2, 7–5 | |
Gigi Fernández (2) Natasha Zvereva | 6–3, 6–1 | ||
Jana Novotná (4) Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (2) | Gigi Fernández Natasha Zvereva | 7–5, 2–6, 6–3 | |
Jana Novotná (5) Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (3) | Meredith McGrath Larisa Savchenko Neiland | 6–4, 6–4 | |
Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (4) Natasha Zvereva (2) | 6–4, 6–2 | ||
Martina Hingis Jana Novotná (6) | Arantxa Sánchez Natasha Zvereva | 6–2, 3–6, 6–3 | |
Martina Hingis (2) Jana Novotná (7) | 0–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–1) | ||
4–6, 7–5, 6–4 | |||
Arantxa Sánchez-Vicario (5) Nathalie Tauziat | 6–0, 6–4 | ||
7–6(7–4), 6–7(4–7), 6–3 | |||
6–4, 3–6, 7–5 | |||
6–2, 6–3 | |||
Lisa Raymond Rennae Stubbs | 7–5, 6–7(5–7), 6–2 | ||
Lisa Raymond (2) Samantha Stosur | 6–4, 7–5 | ||
Lisa Raymond (3) Samantha Stosur (2) | Cara Black Liezel Huber | 6–4, 3–6, [10–2] | |
Katarina Srebotnik Ai Sugiyama (2) | Cara Black Liezel Huber | 7–5, 4–6, [10–3] | |
Svetlana Kuznetsova (2) Amélie Mauresmo | Květa Peschke Lisa Raymond | 4–6, 6–3, [10–3] | |
6–3, 4–6, [10–7] | |||
Liezel Huber Nadia Petrova | 7–6(7–5), 2–6, [10–8] | ||
Maria Kirilenko Nadia Petrova (2) | 7–6(7–0), 4–6, [10–4] | ||
Nadia Petrova (3) Katarina Srebotnik (2) | Lisa Raymond Laura Robson | 6–1, 7–6(7–2) | |
Martina Hingis (3) Sabine Lisicki | 4–6, 6–4, [10–5] | ||
Martina Hingis (4) Sania Mirza | Ekaterina Makarova Elena Vesnina | 7–5, 6–1 | |
6–3, 6–4 | |||
6–4, 6–3 | |||
6–2, 6–1 | |||
7–6 (7–5), 6–2 | |||
2020 | cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic. | ||
6–2, 7–5 | |||
7–6(7–3), 7–5 | |||
7–6(8–6), 6–2 | |||
4–6, 7–6(7–5), [11–9] | |||
6–3, 6–7(5–7), [10–2] | |||
7–6(7–0), 6–1 |
Mixed doubles
Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
6–3, 6–4 | |||
1986 | 6–4, 7–5 | ||
1987 | 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 | ||
1988 | 6–4, 6–4 | ||
1989 | 6–2, 7–6(7–3) |
Records
Player(s) | Record | Year(s) |
Most singles titles | ||
Men's singles | 6 | 1990, '95–'96, '01–'03 |
2007, '11–'12, '14–'16 | ||
Women's singles | 8 | 2002–04, '07–'08, '13–'15 |
Most consecutive titles | ||
Men's singles | 3 | 2001–03 |
2014–16 | ||
Women's singles | 3 | 1994–96 |
2002–042013–15 | ||
Unseeded winners | ||
Men's singles | 1 | 1985 |
1 | 2025 | |
Women's singles | 1 | 2005 |
1 | 2024 | |
Youngest & oldest winners | ||
Youngest men's singles | 18 years,333 days old | 2022 |
Youngest women's singles | 16 years,111 days old | 1990 |
Oldest men's singles | 37 years,235 days old | 2019 |
Oldest women's singles | 33 years,190 days old | 2015 |
Most finals reached | ||
Men's singles | 8 | 1990, '94–'96, '98, '01–'03 |
2007, '09, '11–'12, '14–'16, '25 | ||
Women's singles | 10 | 1999, '02–'04, '07–'09, '13–'15 |
Most doubles titles – teams | ||
Men's doubles | 6 | 2007–08, '14–'15, '18–'19 |
Women's doubles | 2 | 1989–90 |
1995–96 | ||
1998–99 | ||
2006–07 | ||
Most doubles titles – individual | ||
Men's doubles | 6 | 2007–08, '14–'15, '18–'19 |
2007–08, '14–'15, '18–'19 | ||
Women's doubles | 7 | 1989–90, '93, '95–'96, '98–'99 |
Sunshine Double
The Sunshine Double is a feat in tennis achieved when a player wins the titles of the Indian Wells Open and the Miami Open back-to-back.
To date, 13 players have achieved this in singles, and 23 in doubles. Only one player has won the Sunshine Double in both singles and doubles, Aryna Sabalenka.
Men's singles
No. | Player | Title(s) | Year(s) |
1 | 1 | 1991 | |
2 | 1 | 1992 | |
3 | 1 | 1994 | |
4 | 1 | 1998 | |
5 | 1 | 2001 | |
6 | 3 | 2005–06, '17 | |
7 | 4 | 2011, '14–'16 | |
8 | 1 | 2026 |
Women's singles
No. | Player | Title(s) | Year(s) |
1 | 2 | 1994, '96 | |
2 | 1 | 2005 | |
3 | 1 | 2016 | |
4 | 1 | 2022 | |
5 | 1 | 2026 |
Men's doubles
Teams
No. | Team | Title | Year |
1 | 1 | 1996 | |
2 | 1 | 1999 | |
3 | 1 | 2002 | |
4 | 1 | 2014 | |
5 | 1 | 2016 | |
6 | 1 | 2025 |
Individuals
These players won the Indian Wells Open and the Miami Open in the same year but with different partners.
No. | Player (individually) | Title | Year |
1 | 1 | 1989 | |
2 | 1 | 2022 |
Women's doubles
Teams
No. | Team | Title(s) | Year(s) |
1 | 1 | 1990 | |
2 | 1 | 2002 | |
3 | Lisa Raymond Samantha Stosur | 2 | 2006–07 |
4 | 1 | 2015 | |
5 | 1 | 2019 | |
6 | 1 | 2026 |
Individuals
These players won the Indian Wells Open and the Miami Open in the same year but with different partners.
No. | Player (individually) | Title | Year |
1 | 1 | 1997 | |
2 | 1 | 1999 | |
3 | 1 | 2016 |
Notes
References
Top Miami Open Storylines: Transition from Desert Heat to Coastal Battles
External links
Satellite view of the tournament venue (Google Maps)