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Wikipedia / 19th United States Congress

The 19th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of John Quincy Adams's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.

Major events

Major legislation

Treaties signed

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

President pro tempore: John Gaillard (J), until December 4, 1825

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and representatives are listed by district.

(J) following a name means the member was of the Jackson faction. (A) that the person was a member of the Adams (anti-Jackson) faction.

  1. Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1826/1827; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1828/1829; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1830/1831.

List of United States senators from AlabamaAlabama

  1. 2. William R. D. King (J)

  2. 3. Henry H. Chambers (J), until January 24, 1826

    1. Israel Pickens (J), February 17, 1826 – November 27, 1826

    2. John McKinley (J), from November 27, 1826

List of United States senators from ConnecticutConnecticut

  1. 1. Henry W. Edwards (J)

  2. 3. Calvin Willey (A), from May 4, 1825

List of United States senators from DelawareDelaware

  1. 1. Thomas Clayton (A)

  2. 2. Nicholas Van Dyke (A), until May 21, 1826

    1. Daniel Rodney (A), November 8, 1826 – January 12, 1827

    2. Henry M. Ridgely (J), from January 23, 1827

List of United States senators from GeorgiaGeorgia

  1. 2. Thomas W. Cobb (J)

  2. 3. John Macpherson Berrien (J)

List of United States senators from IllinoisIllinois

  1. 2. Jesse B. Thomas (A)

  2. 3. Elias K. Kane (J)

List of United States senators from IndianaIndiana

  1. 1. James Noble (A)

  2. 3. William Hendricks (A)

List of United States senators from KentuckyKentucky

  1. 2. Richard M. Johnson (J)

  2. 3. John Rowan (J)

List of United States senators from LouisianaLouisiana

  1. 2. Dominique J. Bouligny (A)

  2. 3. Josiah S. Johnston (A)

List of United States senators from MaineMaine

  1. 1. John Holmes (A)

  2. 2. John Chandler (J)

List of United States senators from MarylandMaryland

  1. 1. Samuel Smith (J)

  2. 3. Edward Lloyd (J), until January 14, 1826

    1. Ezekiel F. Chambers (A), from January 24, 1826

List of United States senators from MassachusettsMassachusetts

  1. 1. Elijah H. Mills (A)

  2. 2. James Lloyd (A), until May 23, 1826

    1. Nathaniel Silsbee (A), from May 31, 1826

List of United States senators from MississippiMississippi

  1. 1. David Holmes (J), until September 25, 1825

    1. Powhatan Ellis (J), September 28, 1825 – January 28, 1826

    2. Thomas B. Reed (J), from January 28, 1826

    2. Thomas H. Williams (J)

List of United States senators from MissouriMissouri

  1. 1. Thomas H. Benton (J)

  2. 3. David Barton (A)

List of United States senators from New HampshireNew Hampshire

  1. 2. Samuel Bell (A)

  2. 3. Levi Woodbury (J), from March 16, 1825

List of United States senators from New JerseyNew Jersey

  1. 1. Joseph McIlvaine (A), until August 19, 1826

    1. Ephraim Bateman (A), from November 10, 1826

    2. Mahlon Dickerson (J)

List of United States senators from New YorkNew York

  1. 1. Martin Van Buren (J)

  2. 3. Nathan Sanford (A), from January 14, 1826

List of United States senators from North CarolinaNorth Carolina

  1. 2. John Branch (J)

  2. 3. Nathaniel Macon (J)

List of United States senators from OhioOhio

  1. 1. Benjamin Ruggles (A)

  2. 3. William Henry Harrison (A)

List of United States senators from PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

  1. 1. William Findlay (J)

  2. 3. William Marks (A)

List of United States senators from Rhode IslandRhode Island

  1. 1. James DeWolf (A), until October 31, 1825

    1. Asher Robbins (A), from October 31, 1825

    2. Nehemiah R. Knight (A)

List of United States senators from South CarolinaSouth Carolina

  1. 2. Robert Y. Hayne (J)

  2. 3. John Gaillard (J), until February 26, 1826

    1. William Harper (J), March 8, 1826 – November 29, 1826

    2. William Smith (J), from November 29, 1826

List of United States senators from TennesseeTennessee

  1. 1. John H. Eaton (J)

  2. 2. Andrew Jackson (J), until October 14, 1825

    1. Hugh Lawson White (J), from October 28, 1825

List of United States senators from VermontVermont

  1. 1. Horatio Seymour (A)

  2. 3. Dudley Chase (A)

List of United States senators from VirginiaVirginia

  1. 1. James Barbour (J), until March 7, 1825

    1. John Randolph (J), from December 26, 1825

    2. Littleton W. Tazewell (J)

House of Representatives

List of United States representatives from AlabamaAlabama

  1. . Gabriel Moore (J)

  2. . John McKee (J)

  3. . George W. Owen (J)

List of United States representatives from ConnecticutConnecticut

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

  1. . John Baldwin (A)

  2. . Noyes Barber (A)

  3. . Ralph I. Ingersoll (A)

  4. . Orange Merwin (A)

  5. . Elisha Phelps (A)

  6. . Gideon Tomlinson (A)

List of United States representatives from DelawareDelaware

  1. . Louis McLane (J)

List of United States representatives from GeorgiaGeorgia

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

  1. . George Cary (J)

  2. . Alfred Cuthbert (J)

  3. . John Forsyth (J)

  4. . Charles E. Haynes (J)

  5. . James Meriwether (J)

  6. . Edward F. Tattnall (J)

  7. . Wiley Thompson (J)

List of United States representatives from IllinoisIllinois

  1. . Daniel P. Cook (A)

List of United States representatives from IndianaIndiana

  1. . Ratliff Boon (J)

  2. . Jonathan Jennings (A)

  3. . John Test (A)

List of United States representatives from KentuckyKentucky

  1. . David Trimble (A)

  2. . Thomas Metcalfe (A)

  3. . Henry Clay (A), until March 6, 1825

    1. James Clark (A), from August 1, 1825

    . Robert P. Letcher (A)

  4. . James Johnson (J), until August 13, 1826

    1. Robert L. McHatton (J), from December 7, 1826

    . Joseph Lecompte (J)

  5. . Thomas P. Moore (J)

  6. . Richard A. Buckner (A)

  7. . Charles A. Wickliffe (J)

  8. . Francis Johnson (A)

  9. . William S. Young (A)

  10. . Robert P. Henry (J), until August 25, 1826

    1. John F. Henry (A), from December 11, 1826

List of United States representatives from LouisianaLouisiana

  1. . Edward Livingston (J)

  2. . Henry H. Gurley (A)

  3. . William L. Brent (A)

List of United States representatives from MaineMaine

  1. . William Burleigh (A)

  2. . John Anderson (J)

  3. . Ebenezer Herrick (A)

  4. . Peleg Sprague (A)

  5. . Enoch Lincoln (A), until 1826 (before September 11, 1826, )

    1. James W. Ripley (J), from September 11, 1826

    . Jeremiah O'Brien (A)

  6. . David Kidder (A)

List of United States representatives from MarylandMaryland

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.

  1. . Clement Dorsey (A)

  2. . Joseph Kent (A), until January 6, 1826

    1. John C. Weems (J), from February 1, 1826

    . George Peter (J)

  3. . Thomas C. Worthington (A)

  4. . John Barney (A)

  5. . Peter Little (A)

  6. . George E. Mitchell (J)

  7. . John L. Kerr (A)

  8. . Robert N. Martin (A)

List of United States representatives from MassachusettsMassachusetts

  1. . Daniel Webster (A)

  2. . Benjamin W. Crowninshield (A)

  3. . John Varnum (A)

  4. . Edward Everett (A)

  5. . John Davis (A)

  6. . John Locke (A)

  7. . Samuel C. Allen (A)

  8. . Samuel Lathrop (A)

  9. . Henry W. Dwight (A)

  10. . John Bailey (A)

  11. . Aaron Hobart (A)

  12. . Francis Baylies (J)

  13. . John Reed Jr. (A)

List of United States representatives from MississippiMississippi

  1. . Christopher Rankin (J), until March 14, 1826

    1. William Haile (J), from July 10, 1826

List of United States representatives from MissouriMissouri

  1. . John Scott (A)

List of United States representatives from New HampshireNew Hampshire

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

  1. . Ichabod Bartlett (A)

  2. . Titus Brown (A)

  3. . Nehemiah Eastman (A)

  4. . Jonathan Harvey (J)

  5. . Joseph Healy (A)

  6. . Thomas Whipple Jr. (A)

List of United States representatives from New JerseyNew Jersey

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

  1. . George Cassedy (J)

  2. . Lewis Condict (A)

  3. . Daniel Garrison (J)

  4. . George Holcombe (J)

  5. . Samuel Swan (A)

  6. . Ebenezer Tucker (A)

List of United States representatives from New YorkNew York

There were three plural districts: the 20th & 26th had two representatives each, the 3rd had three representatives.

  1. . Silas Wood (A)

  2. . Joshua Sands (A)

  3. . Churchill C. Cambreleng (J)

  4. . Jeromus Johnson (J)

  5. . Gulian C. Verplanck (J)

  6. . Aaron Ward (A)

  7. . Bartow White (A)

  8. . John Hallock Jr. (J)

  9. . Abraham B. Hasbrouck (A)

  10. . James Strong (A)

  11. . William McManus (A)

  12. . Stephen Van Rensselaer (A)

  13. . Henry Ashley (J)

  14. . William Dietz (J)

  15. . William G. Angel (J)

  16. . Henry R. Storrs (A)

  17. . Michael Hoffman (J)

  18. . Henry Markell (A)

  19. . John W. Taylor (A)

  20. . Henry C. Martindale (A)

  21. . Henry H. Ross (A)

  22. . Nicoll Fosdick (A)

  23. . Egbert Ten Eyck (J), until December 15, 1825

    1. Daniel Hugunin Jr. (A), from December 15, 1825

    . Elias Whitmore (A)

  24. . John Miller (A)

  25. . Luther Badger (A)

  26. . Charles Kellogg (J)

  27. . Charles Humphrey (A)

  28. . Dudley Marvin (A)

  29. . Robert S. Rose (A)

  30. . Moses Hayden (A)

  31. . Timothy H. Porter (A)

  32. . Parmenio Adams (A)

  33. . Daniel G. Garnsey (A)

List of United States representatives from North CarolinaNorth Carolina

  1. . Lemuel Sawyer (J)

  2. . Willis Alston (J)

  3. . Richard Hines (J)

  4. . John Heritage Bryan (J)

  5. . Gabriel Holmes (J)

  6. . Weldon N. Edwards (J)

  7. . Archibald McNeill (J)

  8. . Willie P. Mangum (J), until March 18, 1826

    1. Daniel L. Barringer (J), from December 4, 1826

    . Romulus M. Saunders (J)

  9. . John Long (A)

  10. . Henry W. Connor (J)

  11. . Samuel P. Carson (J)

  12. . Lewis Williams (A)

List of United States representatives from OhioOhio

  1. . James Findlay (J)

  2. . John Woods (A)

  3. . William McLean (A)

  4. . Joseph Vance (A)

  5. . John W. Campbell (A)

  6. . John Thomson (J)

  7. . Samuel F. Vinton (A)

  8. . William Wilson (A)

  9. . Philemon Beecher (A)

  10. . David Jennings (A), until May 25, 1826

    1. Thomas Shannon (A), from December 4, 1826

    . John C. Wright (A)

  11. . John Sloane (A)

  12. . Elisha Whittlesey (A)

  13. . Mordecai Bartley (A)

List of United States representatives from PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

There were six plural districts: the 7th, 8th, 11th & 16th had two representatives each, the 4th & 9th had three representatives each.

  1. . John Wurts (J)

  2. . Joseph Hemphill (J), until 1826 (before October 10, 1826 — )

    1. Thomas Kittera (A), from October 10, 1826

    . Daniel H. Miller (J)

  3. . James Buchanan (J)

  4. . Samuel Edwards (J)

  5. . Charles Miner (A)

  6. . Philip S. Markley (A)

  7. . Robert Harris (J)

  8. . William Addams (J)

  9. . Henry Wilson (J), until August 14, 1826

    1. Jacob Krebs (J), from December 4, 1826

    . Samuel D. Ingham (J)

  10. . George Wolf (J)

  11. . George Kremer (J)

  12. . Samuel McKean (J)

  13. . Espy Van Horne (J)

  14. . James S. Mitchell (J)

  15. . John Findlay (J)

  16. . James Wilson (A)

  17. . John Mitchell (J)

  18. . Alexander Thomson (J), until May 1, 1826

    1. Chauncey Forward (J), from December 4, 1826

    . Andrew Stewart (J)

  19. . Joseph Lawrence (A)

  20. . James Allison Jr. (J), until August 26, 1825 (before the assembling of Congress)

    1. Robert Orr Jr. (J), from October 11, 1825

    . James S. Stevenson (J)

  21. . George Plumer (J)

  22. . Patrick Farrelly (J), until January 12, 1826

    1. Thomas H. Sill (A), from March 14, 1826

List of United States representatives from Rhode IslandRhode Island

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

  1. . Tristam Burges (A)

  2. . Dutee J. Pearce (A)

List of United States representatives from South CarolinaSouth Carolina

  1. . Joel R. Poinsett (J), until March 7, 1825

    1. William Drayton (J), from May 17, 1825

    . James Hamilton Jr. (J)

  2. . Thomas R. Mitchell (J)

  3. . Andrew R. Govan (J)

  4. . George McDuffie (J)

  5. . John Wilson (J)

  6. . Joseph Gist (J)

  7. . John Carter (J)

  8. . Starling Tucker (J)

List of United States representatives from TennesseeTennessee

  1. . John Blair (J)

  2. . John Cocke (J)

  3. . James C. Mitchell (J)

  4. . Jacob C. Isacks (J)

  5. . Robert Allen (J)

  6. . James K. Polk (J)

  7. . Samuel Houston (J)

  8. . John H. Marable (J)

  9. . Adam R. Alexander (J)

List of United States representatives from VermontVermont

  1. . William C. Bradley (A)

  2. . Rollin C. Mallary (A)

  3. . George E. Wales (A)

  4. . Ezra Meech (J)

  5. . John Mattocks (A)

List of United States representatives from VirginiaVirginia

  1. . Thomas Newton Jr. (A)

  2. . James Trezvant (J)

  3. . William S. Archer (J)

  4. . Mark Alexander (J)

  5. . John Randolph (J), until December 26, 1825

    1. George W. Crump (J), from January 21, 1826

    . Thomas Davenport (J)

  6. . Nathaniel H. Claiborne (J)

  7. . Burwell Bassett (J)

  8. . Andrew Stevenson (J)

  9. . William C. Rives (J)

  10. . Robert Taylor (A)

  11. . Robert S. Garnett (J)

  12. . John Taliaferro (A)

  13. . Charles F. Mercer (A)

  14. . John S. Barbour (J)

  15. . William Armstrong (A)

  16. . Alfred H. Powell (A)

  17. . Joseph Johnson (J)

  18. . William McCoy (J)

  19. . John Floyd (J)

  20. . William Smith (J)

  21. . Benjamin Estil (A)

Non-voting members

  1. . Henry W. Conway

  2. . Joseph M. White

  3. . Austin E. Wing

Changes in membership

This count reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

Replacements: 7

|- | New Hampshire(3) | Vacant | Seat remained vacant | | Levi Woodbury (J) | Installed March 16, 1825

|- | Connecticut(3) | Vacant | Seat remained vacant | | Calvin Willey (A) | Installed May 4, 1825

|- | New York(3) | Vacant | Seat remained vacant | | Nathan Sanford (A) | Installed January 14, 1826, after resigning as Chancellor of New York

|- | Virginia(1) | | James Barbour (J) | Resigned March 7, 1825, after being appointed US Secretary of War | | John Randolph (J) | Appointed December 26, 1825

|- | Mississippi(1) | | David Holmes (J) | Resigned September 25, 1825, after being elected Governor of Mississippi | | Powhatan Ellis (J) | Appointed September 28, 1825

|- | Tennessee(2) | | Andrew Jackson (J) | Resigned October 14, 1825 | | Hugh Lawson White (J) | Installed October 28, 1825

|- | Rhode Island(1) | | James De Wolf (A) | Resigned October 31, 1825 | | Asher Robbins (A) | Appointed October 31, 1825

|- | Maryland(3) | | Edward Lloyd (J) | Resigned January 14, 1826, after being elected to the Maryland State Senate | | Ezekiel F. Chambers (A) | Elected January 24, 1826

|- | Alabama(3) | | Henry H. Chambers (J) | Died January 24, 1826 | | Israel Pickens (J) | Appointed February 17, 1826

|- | Mississippi(1) | | Powhatan Ellis (J) | Successor elected January 28, 1826 | | Thomas B. Reed (J) | Installed January 28, 1826

|- | South Carolina(3) | | John Gaillard (J) | Died February 26, 1826 | | William Harper (J) | Appointed March 8, 1826

|- | Delaware(2) | | Nicholas Van Dyke (A) | Died May 21, 1826 | | Daniel Rodney (A) | Appointed November 8, 1826

|- | Massachusetts(2) | | James Lloyd (A) | Resigned May 23, 1826 | | Nathaniel Silsbee (A) | Installed May 31, 1826

|- | New Jersey(1) | | Joseph McIlvaine (A) | Died August 19, 1826 | | Ephraim Bateman(A) | Installed November 10, 1826

|- | Alabama(3) | | Israel Pickens (J) | Successor elected November 27, 1826 | | John McKinley (J) | Installed November 27, 1826

|- | South Carolina(3) | | William Harper (J) | Successor elected November 29, 1826 | | William Smith (J) | Installed November 29, 1826

|- | Delaware(2) | | Daniel Rodney (A) | Resigned January 12, 1827, after successor was elected | | Henry M. Ridgely (J) | Installed January 23, 1827

|}

House of Representatives

Replacements: 11

  • Anti-Jackson: 1 seat net gain

  • Jackson: 1 seat net loss

    Deaths: 5

  • Resignations: 10

  • Contested election: 1

  • Total seats with changes: 16

|- | | | Henry Clay (A) | Resigned March 6, 1825, after being appointed US Secretary of State | | James Clark (A) | Seated August 1, 1825

|- | | | Joel R. Poinsett (J) | Resigned March 7, 1825, after being appointed Minister to Mexico | | William Drayton (J) | Seated May 17, 1825

|- | | | James Allison Jr. (J) | Resigned August 26, 1825 before the assembling of Congress | | Robert Orr Jr. (J) | Seated October 11, 1825

|- | | | Egbert Ten Eyck (J) | Lost contested election December 15, 1825 | | Daniel Hugunin Jr. (A) | Seated December 15, 1825

|- | | | John Randolph (J) | Resigned December 26, 1825, after being appointed to the US Senate | | George W. Crump (J) | Seated January 21, 1826

|- | | | Joseph Kent (A) | Resigned January 6, 1826, after being elected Governor of Maryland | | John C. Weems (J) | Seated February 1, 1826

|- | | | Patrick Farrelly (J) | Died January 12, 1826 | | Thomas H. Sill (A) | Seated March 14, 1826

|- | | | Christopher Rankin (J) | Died March 14, 1826 | | William Haile (J) | Seated July 10, 1826

|- | | | Willie P. Mangum (J) | Resigned March 18, 1826 | | Daniel L. Barringer (J) | Seated December 4, 1826

|- | | | Alexander Thomson (J) | Resigned May 1, 1826 | | Chauncey Forward (J) | Seated December 4, 1826

|- | | | David Jennings (A) | Resigned May 25, 1826 | | Thomas Shannon (A) | Seated December 4, 1826

|- | | | James Johnson (J) | Died August 13, 1826 | | Robert L. McHatton (J) | Seated December 7, 1826

|- | | | Henry Wilson (J) | Died August 14, 1826 | | Jacob Krebs (J) | Seated December 4, 1826

|- | | | Robert P. Henry (J) | Died August 25, 1826 | | John F. Henry (A) | Seated December 11, 1826

|- | | | Enoch Lincoln (A) | Resigned before September 11, 1826 | | James W. Ripley (J) | Seated September 11, 1826

|- | | | Joseph Hemphill (J) | Resigned before October 10, 1826 | | Thomas Kittera (A) | Seated October 10, 1826

|}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

List of federal agencies in the United States#United States CongressLegislative branch agency directors

Senate

Chaplain: Charles P. McIlvaine (Episcopal), until December 12, 1825

Secretary: Charles Cutts, until December 12, 1825

House of Representatives

See also

1824 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)

1826 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)

Notes

References