Pauker or Paucker (, ) is a surname of German origin. It may refer to:

• Alexander Paucker (1905–1972), Romanian composer

• Ana Pauker (1893–1960), Romanian politician

• Karl Pauker (1893–1937), Russian bodyguard

• K. V. Pauker (born 1944), Swedish writer

• Magnus Georg Paucker (1787–1855), German astronomer and mathematician

• Hermann von Paucker (1822-1889), Russian general and statesman

• Marcel Pauker (1896–1938), Romanian politician

See also

• Simmering-Graz-Pauker, an Austrian manufacturer