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Wikipedia / Stromboli

Stromboli ( , ; ) is an island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the north coast of Sicily, containing Mount Stromboli, one of the four active volcanoes in Italy. It is one of the seven Aeolian Islands, a volcanic arc north of Sicily, and the mythological home of Aeolus.

The island, with an area of , represents the upper third of the volcano. Its population was about 500 . The volcano has erupted many times and is constantly active with minor eruptions, often visible from many points on the island and from the surrounding sea, giving rise to the island's nickname "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean".

Etymology

The name Stromboli is derived from the Ancient Greek name (), which was derived from ( ), after the volcano's round, conical appearance when seen from a distance.

Height and shape

Stromboli stands above sea level, and over above the sea floor.

The area of Stromboli island is .

As of June 2024, there are two active craters at the peak, each with multiple vents showing volcanic activity and lava flows.

The Sciara del Fuoco ("stream of fire") is a large horseshoe-shaped depression created in the last 13,000 years by several collapses on the northwestern side of the cone. Approximately northeast lies Strombolicchio, the volcanic plug remnant of the original volcano.

Volcano

Mount Stromboli has been in almost continuous eruption for the past 2,000–5,000 years; its last serious one occurred on 11 September, 1930 when 6 people were killed. In a typical eruption, explosions occur at the summit craters, with mild to moderate eruptions of incandescent volcanic bombs, a type of tephra, at intervals ranging from minutes to hours. This pattern of Strombolian eruption is also observed at other volcanoes worldwide.

Eruptions from the summit craters typically result in a few short, mild, but energetic bursts, ranging up to a few hundred meters in height, containing ash, incandescent lava fragments, and stone blocks. Stromboli's activity is almost exclusively explosive, but lava flows do occur at times of high volcanic activity: an effusive eruption occurred in 2002, the first in 17 years, and again in 2003, 2007, and 2013–14. Volcanic gas emissions are measured by a multi-component gas analyzer, which detects pre-eruptive degassing of rising magma, improving prediction of volcanic activity.

On 3 July 2019, two major explosive events occurred at around 16:46 local time, alongside 20 additional minor explosive events identified by Italy's National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. A hiker near the volcano's summit died after being struck by flying debris when the eruption began, and an additional 6 people suffered minor injuries.

On 28 August 2019, at 10:16 local time, an explosive eruption sent a pyroclastic flow down the volcano's northern flank and into the sea, where it continued for several hundred meters before collapsing. The resulting ash column rose to .

On 4 July 2024, Stromboli erupted together with Mount Etna, and the Italian Civil Protection Department (Protezione Civile) issued the highest alert level.

Settlements

Two villages, San Bartolo and San Vincenzo, lie in the northeast, while the smaller village Ginostra lies in the southwest. Administratively, they are one of the (unit of a commune and municipality) of Lipari, Messina.

In the early 20th century, a few thousand people inhabited the island, but after several waves of emigration, the population has numbered a few hundred since the mid-1950s. The population on the island was about 500 .

In addition to Italian, the Aeolian dialect (a derivative of Sicilian) is generally spoken on this and the other Aeolian islands.

See also

References