Wikipedia / Title
Wikipedia / Title
A title is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify their generation, official position, military rank, professional or academic qualification, or nobility. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the first and last name (for example, in German or clerical titles such as Cardinal in Catholic usage – Richard Cardinal Cushing). Some titles are hereditary.
Types
Titles include:
Honorific titless or styles of address, a phrase used to convey respect to the recipient of a communication, or to recognize an attribute such as:
Social title, prevalent among certain sections of society due to historic or other reasons.
Other accomplishment, as with a title of honor
Title of authority, an identifier that specifies the office or position held by an official
Titles in English-speaking areas
Common titles
Mr. – All males
Ms. – Adult women
Mrs. – Married women (includes widows and divorcées)
Miss – Unmarried women and girls (form of address)
Madam (also Madame and Ma'am) – Formal form of address for an adult woman. Also used with an official position, similar to "Mister" for men, e.g. "Madam/Mister Ambassador"
Controversy around usage of common titles
Some people object to the usage of titles to denote marital status, age or gender. In 2018, a campaign named GoTitleFree was launched to encourage businesses to stop requesting, storing and using marital status titles in their registration forms, and when speaking with customers, launched on the grounds that titles often lead to assumptions about a woman's age or availability for marriage, and exclude non-binary people (though various titles, such as Mx., are increasingly used in some countries). This is in line with established practice advocated by the World Wide Web Consortium and the Government Digital Service, which sets the standard for UK government online services. This in turn means that titles are optional on UK passports and driving licences.
Familial
Family titles in English-speaking countries include:
Uncle – one's parent's brother (may also include great uncles)
Cousin – son or daughter of either parent's brother or sister
Aunt or Aunty – one's parent's sister (may also include great aunts)
Granny, Gran, Grandma or Nana – one's grandmother (may also include great-grandmothers)
Pop, Grandpa, Gramps or Grandad – one's grandfather (may also include great-grandfathers)
Legislative and executive titles
Hon. (Honourable), for younger sons and daughters of barons, and Rt. Hon. (Right Honourable), for Privy Councillors, used in the United Kingdom
Some job titles of members of the legislature and executive are used as titles.
MP, for members of the Parliament (usually the lower house)
MYP, for members of the UK Youth Parliament
MSYP, for members of the Scottish Youth Parliament
Senator, for members of the American or Australian upper house
Speaker, for speaker of Parliament
President (from which comes such titles as Deputy President, Executive Vice President, Lord President of the Council, and Vice President)
Councillor, for member of a council
Youth Councillor (YC)
Delegate
Mayor and related terms such as Lady Mayoress and Lord Mayor
Secretary, Cardinal Secretary of State, Foreign Secretary, General Secretary, Secretary of State, and other titles in the form "Secretary of..." in which Secretary means the same thing as Minister
Minister (from which comes such titles as Prime Minister and Health Minister)
Aristocratic titles
Prince/Princess – From the Latin , meaning 'first person' or 'first citizen'. The title was originally used by Augustus at the establishment of the Roman Empire to avoid the political risk of assuming the title ('King') in what was technically still a republic. In modern times, the title is often given to the sons and daughters of ruling monarchs. Also a title of certain ruling monarchs under the Holy Roman Empire and its subsidiary territories until 1918 which is still used in Liechtenstein (Monaco still uses the title Prince to this day, even though it was not a part of the Holy Roman Empire), and in Imperial Russia before 1917. The German title is ('first'), a translation of the Latin term; the equivalent Russian term is ().
Archduke/Archduchess – A title derived from the Greek ('ruler; higher') and the Latin ('leader'). It was used most notably by the Habsburg Dynasty, who ruled Austria and Hungary until 1918.
Grand Duke/Grand Duchess – 'Big; large' + Latin ('leader'). A variant of Archduke, used particularly in English translations Romanov Dynasty Russian titles. Also used in various Germanic territories until World War I. Still survives in Luxembourg.
Duke/Duchess – From the Latin , a military title used in the Roman Empire, especially in its early Byzantine period when it designated the military commander for a specific zone.
Marquis, Marquess/Marquise, or Marchioness – From the French , literally 'ruler of a border area' (from the Old French meaning 'border'; exact English translation is 'March Lord', or 'Lord of the March'.
Count/Countess - From the Latin meaning 'companion'. The word was used by the Roman Empire in its Byzantine period as an honorific with a meaning roughly equivalent to modern English peer. It became the title of those who commanded field armies in the Empire, as opposed to , which commanded locally based forces.
Earl (used in the United Kingdom instead of Count, but the feminine equivalent is Countess) – From the Germanic , meaning 'chieftain', the title was brought to the British Isles by the Anglo-Saxons and survives in use only there, having been superseded in Scandinavia and on the European continent.
Viscount/Viscountess - From the Latin ('Deputy; substitute'. Hence vicar and prefix vice-) appended to Latin . Literally translates as 'Deputy Count'.
Baron/Baroness - From the Late Latin , meaning 'man, servant, soldier'. The title originally designated the chief feudal tenant of a place, who was in vassalage to a greater lord.
In the United Kingdom, Lord and Lady are used as titles for members of the nobility. Unlike titles such as Mr and Mrs, they are not used before first names except in certain circumstances, for example as courtesy titles for younger sons, etc., of peers. In Scotland, Lord of Parliament and Lady of Parliament are the equivalents of Baron and Baroness in England.
Lord – From the Old English , , meaning, literally, 'bread-keeper', from ('bread') + ('guardian, keeper') and by extension 'husband, father, or chief'. (From which comes modified titles such as First Sea Lord and Lord of the manor.) The feminine equivalent is Lady from the related Old English meaning, literally, "bread-kneader", from ("bread") + ("maid"), and by extension wife, daughter, or mistress of the house. (From which comes First Lady, the Second Lady, etc.)
Emperor/Empress – From the Latin , meaning 'he/she who holds the authority to command ()'.
King/Queen – Derived from Old Norse/Germanic words. The original meaning of the root of king apparently meant 'leader of the family' or 'descendant of the leader of the family', and the original meaning of queen meant 'wife'. By the time the words came into English they already meant 'ruler'.
Caesar – The name of Julius Caesar taken by his heir Augustus and thereafter by Augustus' successors as Roman Emperor through the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Loaned into German as .
Leader – From Old English , meaning "to guide". The head of state of North Korea is titled Great Leader. The de facto head of state of Iran is titled Supreme Leader.
Chief – A variation of the English "Prince", used as the short form of the word "Chieftain" (except for in Scotland, where "Chieftain" is a title held by a titleholder subordinate to a chief). Generally used to refer to a recognised leader within a chieftaincy system. From this come the variations paramount chief, clan chief and village chief. The feminine equivalent is Chieftess.
Titles used by knights, dames, baronets and baronetesses
Dame – Used by dames and baronetesses
Both the titles "Sir" and "Dame" differ from titles such as "Mr" and "Mrs" in that they can only be used before a person's first name, and not immediately before their surname. Neither "Sir" or "Dame" confer nobility upon the titleholder.
(French)
(Italian)
Judicial titles
Advocate General (AG)
Chancellor (C) (of the High Court)
Judge and Admiralty Judge
Justice (J)
Chief Justice or Lord Chief Justice (CJ) (of the judiciary)
Lord Justice of Appeal (LJ) (of the Court of Appeal)
Master of the Rolls (MR) (of the Court of Appeal)
Member and Chairman, for members of quasi-judicial boards
Mufti and Grand Mufti
President (P) (of the Queen's/King's Bench Division) or President (P) (of the Family Division)
Privy Counsellor (or Privy Councillor) (PC) (of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council)
Queen's Counsel (QC) (King's Counsel (KC) when monarch is male)
Historical
Ecclesiastical titles (Christian)
Titles are used to show somebody's ordination as a priest or their membership in a religious order. Use of titles differs between denominationss.
Religious
Mother, Mother Superior, and Reverend Mother
Sister – for religious sisters and nuns
Priests
Christian priests often have their names prefixed with a title similar to The Reverend.
Bishop (from which come Archbishop, Boy Bishop, Lord Archbishop, Metropolitan Bishop, and Prince Bishop)
Priest (from which comes High Priest. The feminine equivalent is Priestess.)
Father (Fr.)
Dom – from , 'Lord'. Used for Benedictine monks in solemn religious vows, but reserved for abbots among the Trappists. In Brazil, it is used for bishops.
Ter (title) – Used by Armenian priests.
Used for deceased persons only
Saint (abbreviated S. or St.)
Other
Christ – Greek translation of the Hebrew (or 'Messiah'), commonly used to refer to Jesus of Nazareth
Deacon and Archdeacon
President (in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)
Almoner and Lord High Almoner (Christian)
Academic titles
Dr. – Short for doctor, a title used by those with doctoral degrees, such as PhD, DPhil, MD, DO, DDS, EdD, DCN, DBA, DNP, PharmD, DVM, and LLD. Those with JD degrees, although technically allowed, do not use this as a title by convention.
Prof. – Professor
Doc. – Docent
EUR ING – Short for European Engineer, an international professional qualification and title for highly qualified engineers used in over 32 European countries.
Military titles
Military ranks are used before names.
Admiral (from which come Grand Admiral, Fleet Admiral, Lord High Admiral, Rear Admiral, and Vice Admiral)
Captain (from which comes Group Captain)
Colonel (from which comes Lieutenant Colonel)
Commander (from which come Commander-in-Chief, Lieutenant Commander, and Wing Commander)
Commodore (from which comes Air Commodore)
Corporal (from which come Lance Corporal and Staff Corporal)
General is usually used as a sort of shorthand for "general military commander". The term's far-reaching connotation has provoked its use in a very broad range of titles, including Adjutant General, Attorney General, Captain General, Colonel General, Director General, Generalissimo, General of the Army, Governor General, Lieutenant General, Lord Justice General, Major General, Resident General, Secretary General, Solicitor General, Surgeon General and Vicar General
Lieutenant (from which come First Lieutenant, Flight Lieutenant and Lord Lieutenant)
Marshal (from which comes Air Chief Marshal, Air Marshal, Air Vice Marshal and Field Marshal)
Mate, more often titled as Chief Mate or First Mate
Officer, a generic sort of title whose use has spread in recent years into a wide array of mostly corporate and military titles. These include Air Officer, Chief Academic Officer, Chief analytics officer, Chief Business Development Officer, Chief Credit Officer, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Information Officer, Chief Information Security Officer, chief knowledge officer, Chief Marketing Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Petty Officer, Chief Risk Officer, Chief Security Officer, Chief Strategy Officer, Chief Technical Officer, Chief Warrant Officer, Corporate officer, Customs officer, Field officer, First Officer, Flag Officer, Flying Officer, General Officer, Intelligence Officer, Junior Warrant Officer, Master Chief Petty Officer, Master Warrant Officer, Officer of State, Petty Officer, Pilot Officer, Police Officer, Political Officer, Revenue Officer, Senior Officer, Ship's Officer, Staff Officer, and Warrant Officer.
Private, and many equivalent ranks depending on regiment.
Sergeant (from which come Sergeant at Mace and Sergeant at Arms).
Maritime titles
The names of shipboard officers, certain shipping line employees and Maritime Academy faculty/staff are preceded by their title when acting in performance of their duties.
Captain – a ship's highest responsible officer acting on behalf of the ship's owner (Master) or a person who is responsible for the maintenance of the vessels of a shipping line, for their docking, the handling of cargo and for the hiring of personnel for deck departments (Port Captain).
Chief – a licensed mariner in charge of the engineering (Chief Engineer) or deck (Chief Mate or Officer) department
Mate – licensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship (see Second Mate & Third Mate)
Cadet – unlicensed trainee mate/officer or engineer under training
Law enforcement
The names of police officers may be preceded by a title such as "Officer" or by their rank.
Constable (from which come Lord High Constable and Senior Constable)
Agent
Sergeant
Protected professional titles
In several jurisdictions, the use of some professional titles is restricted to people holding a valid and recognised license to practice. Unqualified individuals who use these reserved titles may be fined or jailed. Protected titles may be limited to those professions that require a bachelor's degree or higher and a state, provincial, or national license.
Usage varies between countries. For example, in the United Kingdom nutritionist and psychologist, titles protected in many countries, are not protected, and anybody can so describe themselves, while dietitian and clinical psychologist (and many specialist professional psychologists) are protected. An international survey on the different protection of terms for psychologists found wide differences in regulations across different jurisdictions.
Professional Engineer, Registered Engineer, Engineer (in Quebec)
Professional Nurse, Registered Nurse, Nurse
Other organizations
Some titles are used to show a person's role or position in a society or organization.
Wizard, such as the Grand Wizard and Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan
Brother or Sister, often used, in particular, to signify membership of some religious orders
Father, often used to identify a priest
Chief Scout (The Scout Association) – the head of The Scout Association
King's Scout – title conferred upon a scout upon achieving highest attainable award achievable in the Scouting movement
Queen's Guide – title conferred upon a guide upon highest attainable award for members of the Girl Guiding movement
Scout, Eagle Scout
Doctor is often used to identify a person as a physician, but is also an honorific for anyone holding a doctorate in any field.
Some titles are used in English to refer to the position of people in foreign political systems
Non-English speaking areas
Default titles in other languages
In many of those languages the title for unmarried female is considered to be antiquated and may be considered as legally improper.
Martial arts
Sensei - used for martial arts instructors
Senpai - used for junior karate instructors and karate instructors in training
Karate-ka - used for karate students
Judge - used for the judges and referees at martial arts tournaments
Master - used for kung-fu instructors or people who have studied the art their entire life
Academic
Doctorandus, abbreviated as drs.
Religious
Lama and the related Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama
Honorary titles
Rulers
Chancellor (from which come Lord Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor)
"Dear Leader" and "Supreme Leader" referred to Kim Jong-il as chief of North Korea. The title now refers to his son and successor Kim Jong-un. (, )
Emir/Emira – Arabic Prince/Princess
Sultan/Sultana (title) – Arabic for 'powerful ruler'
Chief – origin of Chief of Staff, Chieftain, Clan Chief, Hereditary Chief, and War Chief. The present head of Samoa is titled a Paramount Chief
Vizier and Grand Vizier
Historical titles for heads of state
The following are no longer officially in use, though some may be claimed by former regnal dynasties.
Appointed
Elected or popularly declared
Archon
Augustus (title)
Decemvir
Doge
Duce
Hereditary
King-Emperor (the feminine equivalent is Queen-Empress)
Pharaoh
Regina (the masculine form is Rex)
When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to the right of the slash.
Africa
Asantehene – Ashanti, title of the King of the Ashanti People in Ghana
Eze – Igbo people of Nigeria
Oba – Yoruba people of Nigeria
Pharaoh – ancient Egypt
Asia
Arasan/Arasi – Tamil Nadu (India), Sri Lanka
Arqa/Thagavor – King of Armenia
Bayin – The title given to the king of pre colonial Burma
Chogyal – 'Divine Ruler – ruled Sikkim until 1975
Datu – pre-colonial Philippines
Druk Gyalpo – hereditary title given to the king of Bhutan
Engku or Ungku – Malaysia, to denote particular family lineage akin to royalty
Hari – Filipino title for king
Huángdì – Imperial China (Emperor)
Hwangje – Self-styled Korean "emperor"; states that unified Korea
Hoang De – Self-styled Vietnamese "emperor"; unified Vietnam
Maha raja/feminine form is Maharani – Emperor, Empress India, Sri Lanka
Mirza, Persian/Iranian, Indian and Afghanistan and Tajikistan King
Beg (Begzada or Begzadi, son-daughter of Beg), Baig or Bey in Under Mirza and using King or Military title.
Patil – meaning 'head' or 'chief'; an Indian title. The Patil is in effect the ruler of this territory as he was entitled to the revenues collected therefrom.
Phrabat Somdej Phrachaoyuhua – King of Thailand (Siam), the title literally means 'the feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)'. This royal title does not refer directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to traditions.
Racha – Thailand, same meaning as Raja
Raja – pre-colonial Philippines
Raja – Malaysia, Raja denotes royalty in Perak and certain Selangor royal family lineages, is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess
Raja/Rani – Nepal King
Rani – Nepali Queen
Preah Karuna Preah Bat Sâmdech Preah Bâromneath – King of Cambodia Khmer, the title literally means 'The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)' (referring not directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to tradition)
Qaghan – Central Asian Tribes
Shahinshah or Padshah or Badshah- Persian/Iranian, 'King of Kings' or Persian rulers in Hindustan(India)
Shah – Persian/Iranian and Afghanistan and Tajikistan King
Sheikh – Arabic traditional regional leader, principalities of (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE)
Sultan/Sultana – Arabic King (present Oman and former Ottoman Empire)
Aceh, Brunei, Java, Oman, Malaysia, Sultan is the title of seven (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, and Terengganu) of the nine rulers of the Malay states.
Susuhanan – the Indonesian princely state of Surakarta until its abolition
Seyed – Islamic World, descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
Tennō or Mikado – Japan
– Japanese military dictator
Sumeramikoto, Okimi – Japan, king
Tengku – Malaysia, Indonesia, Tengku (also spelled Tunku in Johor), Negeri Sembilan, Kedah and Deli Sultanate of Indonesia is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess
Veyndhan, ko/Arasi – Tamil Nadu(India)
Wang (King) – pre-Imperial China. In China, 'king' is the usual translation for the term , .
Wang – States of Korea that did not have control over the entire peninsula.
Vuong – States in Vietnam that did not control the entire realm.
Yang di-Pertuan Agong – Monarch of Malaysia, elected each five years among the reigning Sultan of each Malaysian state
Europe
Autocrator – Greek term for the Byzantine Emperor
Basileus – Greek ruler
Despot, a Byzantine court title, also granted in the states under Byzantine influence, such as the Latin Empire, Bulgaria, Serbia, and the Empire of Trebizond.
Domn (in Romanian)/Gospodar (in Old Slavonian) – Medieval Romania (Moldova, Wallachia)
Fejedelem – Ancient/Medieval Hungarian
Großbürger/Großbürgerin (English: Grand Burgher) – historical German title acquired or inherited by persons and family descendants of the ruling class in autonomous German-speaking cities and towns of Central Europe, origin under the Holy Roman Empire, ceased after 1919 along with all titles of German nobility.
Kaiser/Kaiserin – Imperial rulers of Germany and of Austria-Hungary
Kniaz'/Knyaginya/Knez/Knjeginja (generally translated as 'prince') – Kievan Rus'/Serbia
Kunigaikshtis (Kunigaikštis) – Lithuanian, duke as in Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Rí, Rí túaithe, Ruiri, Rí ruireach, and Ard Rí – King, local king, regional overking, (provincial) king of overkings, and High King in Gaelic Ireland, also Scotland
Tsar/Tsarina – the ruler of Imperial Russia
Tsar/Tsaritsa – Bulgaria, pre-imperial Russia, Serbia
Vezér – Ancient Hungarian
Vojvoda (Serbian)/Vajda (Hungarian) – Serbian/Hungarian/Romany title
Župan, sometimes Veliki Župan (Grand Župan) – Serbia, Croatia
Oceania
Chieftain – Leader of a tribe or clan.
houeiki, matai, alii, tūlafale, tavana, ariki – usually translated as 'chief' in various Polynesian countries.
Mo'i – normally translated as King, used by Hawaiian monarchs since unification in 1810. The last person to hold the title was Queen Lili'uokalani.
Tui or tui – there were/are also kings in Oceania (i.e. Samoa, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna, Nauru)
Aristocratic
Historical
Russian:
German:
Spanish:
Others:
Bitwoded (translates as 'beloved')
Concubine (the Chinese imperial system, for instance, had a vastly complex hierarchy of titled concubines and wives to the emperor)
Dejazmach (translates as 'Commander of the Gate')
Fitawrari (translates as 'Leader of the Vanguard')
Gentleman (used as a title in such forms as Gentleman at Arms, Gentleman of the Bedchamber, and Gentleman Usher. The feminine equivalent is Gentlewoman, or, in some circumstances, Lady.)
Gerazmach (translates as 'Commander of the Left')
Kenyazmach (translates as 'Commander of the Right')
Ras (translates as 'Head')
Other
Commissioner (from which come First Church Estates Commissioner and High Commissioner)
Comptroller (from which Comptroller General and Comptroller of the Household)
Intendant (and the related Superintendent)
Prior, Lord Prior
Ranger
Registrar (in a variant spelling in the title Lord Clerk Register)
Seigneur (from which come Monsignor and the French common polite term Monsieur, equivalent to Mister)
Shehu
Sheriff (from which comes High Sheriff)
Timi
Warden, Hereditary Warden, Lord Warden
Woodman
Bearer, such as Hereditary Banner Bearer, Standard Bearer, or Swordbearer
Historical
Aqabe sa'at (translates as Guardian of the Church Hours)
Balambaras (translates as Fortress Commander)
Commissar, often as People's Commissar
Guardian
Kitchener
Maid – archaic title denoting an unmarried woman, such as the character Maid Marian. Should not be confused with the general term for a young domestic worker/housemaid.
Officium
Palatine (Ancient Rome, the Roman Catholic Church, Hungary (nádor), etc.)
Post-nominal letters
Members of legislatures often have post-nominal letters expressing their membership.
Member of Congress: MC
Member of the National Assembly: MNA
Member of the House of Keys: MHK
Speaker of the House of Keys: SHK
Member of the House of Representatives: Rep.
Member of the House of Assembly: MHA
University degrees
Associate
Bachelor
BA – Bachelor of Arts
BArch – Bachelor of Architecture
BBA – Bachelor of Business Administration
BSBA – Bachelor of Science of Business Administration
BBiotech – Bachelor of Biotechnology
BDS / BChD – Bachelor of Dental Surgery
BDentTech – Bachelor of Dental Technology
BDes – Bachelor of Design
BD / BDiv – Bachelor of Divinity
BEd – Bachelor of Education
BEng – Bachelor of Engineering
BEnvd – Bachelor of Environmental Design
BFA – Bachelor of Fine Arts
LLB – Bachelor of Laws
BMath – Bachelor of Mathematics
MB, ChB / MB, BS / BM, BCh / MB, BChir – Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
BMus – Bachelor of Music
BN – Bachelor of Nursing
BPhil – Bachelor of Philosophy
STB – Bachelor of Sacred Theology
BSc – Bachelor of Science
BSN – Bachelor of Science in Nursing
BSW – Bachelor of Social Work
BTh / ThB – Bachelor of Theology
BVSc – Bachelor of Veterinary Science
Designer [Dz]
DA – Doctor of Arts
DBA – Doctor of Business Administration
D.D. – Doctor of Divinity
Ed.D. – Doctor of Education
EngD or DEng – Doctor of Engineering
DFA – Doctor of Fine Arts
DMA – Doctor of Musical Arts
D.Min. – Doctor of Ministry
D.Mus. – Doctor of Music
D.Prof – Doctor of Professional Studies
DPA – Doctor of Public Administration
D.Sc. – Doctor of Science
JD – Doctor of Jurisprudence
LL.D. – Doctor of Laws
MD – Doctor of Medicine
DO – Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
Pharm.D. – Doctor of Pharmacy
PsyD – Doctor of Psychology
SJD – Doctor of Juridical Science
Th.D. – Doctor of Theology
Doctorates within the field of medicine:
Master
MArch – Master of Architecture
MA – Master of Arts
MAL – Master of Liberal Arts
MBA – Master of Business Administration
MPA – Master of Public Administration
MPS – Master of Public Service
MPl – Master of Planning
MChem – Master in Chemistry
MC – Master of Counselling
M. Des – Master of Design
M.Div. – Master of Divinity
MDrama – Master of Drama
MDS – Master of Dental Surgery
MEd – Master of Education
MET – Master of Educational Technology
MEng – Master of Engineering
MFA – Master of Fine Arts
MHA – Master of Healthcare Administration
MHist – Master of History
MLitt - Master of Letters
LL.M. – Master of Law
MLA – Master of Landscape Architecture
MMath – Master of Mathematics
MPhil – Master of Philosophy
MRes – Master of Research
MSc – Master of Science
MScBMC – Master of Biomedical Communications
MPhys – Master of Physics
MPharm – Master of Pharmacy
MPH – Master of Public Health
MSBA - Master of Science in Business Analytics
MSE – Master of Science in Engineering
MSRE – Master of Science in Real Estate
MSN – Master of Science in Nursing
MSW – Master of Social Work
Magister – Magister
S.T.M. – Master of Sacred Theology
MTh/Th.M. – Master of Theology
MURP – Master of Urban and Regional Planning
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
African Kings by Daniel Lainé
Keepers of the Kingdom by Alastair Bruce, Julian Calder, and Mark Cator
Master and Commander, film directed by Peter Weir
External links