Wikipedia / Vostok (rocket family)
Wikipedia / Vostok (rocket family)
Vostok () was a family of rockets derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka ICBM and was designed for the human spaceflight programme. This family of rockets launched the first artificial satellite (Sputnik 1) and the first crewed spacecraft (Vostok) in human history. It was a subset of the R-7 family of rockets.
On March 18, 1980, a Vostok-2M rocket exploded on its launch pad at Plesetsk during a fueling operation, killing 48 people. An investigation into a similarbut avoidedaccident revealed that the substitution of lead-based for tin-based solder in hydrogen peroxide filters allowed the breakdown of the H2O2, thus causing the resultant explosion.
Variants
The major versions of the rocket were:
Vostok-L 8K72 – Variant of the Luna, used to launch prototype Vostok spacecraft
Vostok-K 8K72K – a refined version of the above. This was the version actually used for human spaceflight
Vostok-2 8A92 – used for launching Zenit reconnaissance satellites throughout the 1960s
Vostok-2M 8A92M – modified version for launching Meteor weather satellites into higher orbits.
Soyuz/Vostok 11A110 – hybrid of Soyuz and Vostok rockets used as an interim for two launches
Vostok 8K72K
Source:
First Stage — Block B, V, G, D (four strap-on boosters)
Gross mass: 43,300kg
Empty mass: 3,710kg
Thrust (vac): 4 x 99,000 kgf (971kN) = 3.88 MN
Isp:
Burn time: 118 s
Isp(sl):
Diameter: 2.68 m
Span: 8.35 m
Length: 19.00 m
Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
Engines: 1 x RD-107-8D74-1959 per booster = 4
Second Stage — Block A (core stage)
Gross mass: 100,400kg
Empty mass: 6,800kg
Thrust (vac): 912kN
Isp:
Burn time: 301 s
Isp(sl):
Diameter: 2.99 m
Length: 28.00 m
Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
Engine: 1 x RD-108-8D75-1959
Third Stage — Block E
Gross mass: 7,775kg
Empty mass: 1,440kg
Thrust (vac): 54.5kN
Isp:
Burn time: 365 s
Diameter: 2.56 m
Span: 2.56 m
Length: 2.84 m
Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
Engine: 1 x RD-0109
Gallery
See also
Notes
References