Wikipedia / Acaridae
Wikipedia / Acaridae
The Acaridae are a family of mites in order Sarcoptiformes.
Distribution
There are several acarid genera with cosmopolitan distributions, such as Acarus, Sancassania and Tyrophagus.
Ecology
Acaridae live in various habitats and have various diets.
Many are generalists that live in natural (e.g. soil, litter, animal nests, decomposing plant material) and artificial (e.g. human dwellings, granaries, greenhouses, plant nurseries) environments. They feed on decomposing organic material, fungi and nematodes.
There are also more specialised acarids. Some Acarus inhabit nests of warm-blooded animals, mostly rodents and birds. Within Sancassania, there are species associated with certain bees, associated with scarabaeid beetles (riding phoretically on live beetles and feeding on dead beetles) or feeding on mushrooms. A lineage of Tyrophagus, comprising T. formicetorum and related species, only occurs in ant nests. A number of Histiogaster species live beneath bark (subcortical) and feed on fungi.
Dispersal
Various Acaridae have a phoretic deutonymph stage in their life cycle, a non-feeding nymph stage that can disperse to new habitats by riding on larger animals. Hyperphoresy (riding an animal which is itself riding a third animal) has also been reported, with acarid deutonymphs on a larger Uropodidae mite which in turn was on a beetle.
Most Tyrophagus species do not form deutonymphs (except for the T. formicetorum lineage), instead dispersing as feeding life stages. They may disperse phoretically, by active movements or by air currents.
Pests
Some Acaridae species are stored product pests, such as Acarus siro, A. farris, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Tyrophagus longior and Tyrolichus casei. These infest stored organic materials such as grains, flour, dried fruit, milk products, hams, cheeses, straw, animal hides, invertebrate culture media, vertebrate bedding materials and animal feed. They thrive in humid conditions and on damp materials. Acaridae can cause dermatitis via piercing human skin (in attempts to feed) or via contact allergens.
There are also Acaridae which are pests of living plants. These include the genus Rhizoglyphus (pests of plants with bulbs) and the species T. longior (pest of some ornamental plants).
Genera
Fagacarinae Fain & R. A. Norton, 1979
Fagacarus Fain & R. A. Norton, 1979
Acarinae Nesbitt, 1945
Acarus Linnaeus, 1758
Aleuroglyphus Zachvatkin, 1940
Ebertia Oudemans, 1924
Podoglyphus Oudemans, 1937
Tyrolichus Oudemans, 1924
Tyroglyphites Pampaloni, 1902
Tyrophagus Oudemans, 1924
Rhizoglyphinae Zakhvatkin, 1941
Acarotalpa Volgin, 1966
Acotyledon Oudemans, 1903
Caloglyphus Berlese, 1923
Cosmoglyphus Oudemans, 1932
Froriepia Vitzthum, 1919
Garsaultia Oudemans, 1916
Histiogaster Berlese, 1883
Horstia Oudemans, 1905
Mycetoglyphus Oudemans, 1932
Myrmoglyphus Vitzthum, 1935
Rhizoglyphus Claparédè, 1869
Sancassania Oudemans, 1916
Schwiebea Oudemans, 1916
Stereoglyphus Berlese, 1923
Thyreophagus Rondani, 1874
Troglocoptes Fain, 1966
Valmontia Oudemans, 1923
Viedebanttia Oudemans, 1929
Pontoppidaniinae Oudemans, 1925
Diphtheroglyphus Nesbitt, 1950
Pontoppidania Oudemans, 1923
Aellenella S. Mahunka, 1978
Apiacarus Volgin, 1974
Amphicalvolia Türk, 1963
Armacarus S. Mahunka, 1979
Askinasia Yunker, 1970
Australhypopus Fain & Friend, 1984
Baloghella Mahunka, 1963
Bembidioglyphus Klimov, 1998
Boletacarus V. I. Volgin & S. V. Mironov, 1980
Boletoglyphus Volgin, 1953
Bromeliaglyphus H. H. J. Nesbitt, 1985
Calvoliella Samsinak, 1969
Calvoliopsis Mahunka, 1973
Capillaroglyphus Klimov, 1998
Carabidobius Volgin, 1953
Cerophagopsis Zachvatkin, 1941
Chibidaria Sasa, 1952
Contromelisia Samsinak, 1969
Ctenocolletacarus Fain, 1984
Diadasiopus OConnor, 1997
Dynastopus Fain, 1978
Ewingia Pearse, 1929
Fainoglyphus S. Mahunka, 1979
Forcellinia Oudemans, 1924
Ghanacarus Mahunka, 1973
Halictacarus Mahunka, 1975
Heteroglyphus Foa, 1897
Hoogstraalacarus Yunker, 1970
Horstiella Türk, 1949
Hortacarus S. Mahunka, 1979
Hyohondania Sasa, 1952
Irianopus Fain, 1986
Kanekobia Fain, C. E. Yunker, J. van Goethem & D. E. Johnston, 1982
Kargoecius Fain, 1985
Konoglyphus Delfinado & Baker, 1974
Kuzinia Zachvatkin, 1941
Lackerbaueria Zachvatkin, 1941
Lamtoglyphus Fain, 1975
Lasioacarus Kadzhyaya, 1968
Lemmaniella Mahunka, 1977
Lindquistia Mahunka, 1977
Lowryacarus Fain, 1986
Machadoglyphus Mahunka, 1963
Madaglyphus Fain, 1971
Mahunkaglyphus Eraky, 1998
Mahunkallinia Eraky, 1999
Mauracarus S. Mahunka, 1978
Medeus Volgin, 1974
Megachilopus Fain, 1974
Mezorhizoglyphus Kadzhaya, 1966
Mycetosancassania Klimov, 2000
Myrmolichus Türk & Türk, 1957
Naiacus H. H. J. Nesbitt, 1990
Naiadacarus Fashing, 1974
Neoacotyledon K. Samsinak, 1980
Neohorstia Zachvatkin, 1941
Neotropacarus Baker, 1985
Notiopsyllopus Fain, 1977
Ocellacarus S. Mahunka, 1979
Olafsenia Oudemans, 1927
Omentopus Fain, 1978
Paraceroglyphus Fain & Beaucournu, 1979
Paraforcellinia Kadzhaya, 1974
Passaloglyphus Mahunka & Samsinak, 1972
Paulacarellus Fain, 1976
Pelzneria Scheucher, in Stammer 1957
Pinoglyphus S. Mahunka, 1978
Psyllacarus Fain, F. Bartholomaeus, B. Cooke & J. C. Beaucournu, 1990
Psylloglyphus Fain, 1966
Psyllopus Fain & J. C. Beaucournu, 1993
Reckiacarus G. Kadzhaya, 1972
Rettacarus S. Mahunka, 1979
Rhizoglyphoides V. I. Volgin, 1978
Rodionovia Zachvatkin, 1941
Scatoglyphus Berlese, 1913
Schulzea Zachvatkin, 1941
Sennertionyx Zachvatkin, 1941
Setoglyphus S. Mahunka, 1979
Sinolardoglyphus Z. T. Jiang, 1991
Sinosuidasia Jiang, 1996
Spinacaropus Fain & A. M. Camerik, 1978
Terglyphus Samsinak, 1965
Thectochloracarus Fain, Engel, Flechtmann & OConnor, 1999
Trichopsyllopus Fain & G. T. Baker, 1983
Troxocoptes Fain & J. R. Philips, 1983
Umakefeq Klimov, 2000
Volginia Kadzhaya, 1967
References
External links
Stuart M. Bennett (2003):