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Wikipedia / Apogonidae

Cardinalfishes are a family, Apogonidae, of ray-finned fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; they are chiefly marine, but some species are found in brackish water and a few (notably Glossamia) are found in fresh water. A handful of species are kept in aquariums and are popular as small, peaceful, and colourful fish. The family includes about 370 species.

They are generally small fish, with most species being less than , and are often brightly coloured. They are distinguished by their large mouths, and the division of the dorsal fin into two separate fins. Most species live in tropical or subtropical waters, where they inhabit coral reefs and lagoons.

They are nocturnal, spending the day in dark crevices within the reef. At least some species brood their eggs inside the mouths of the males. Males do not feed during this incubation period. Males incubate the eggs in their mouth due to having longer heads and a larger jaw, which females do not acquire.

Classification

Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes recognises four subfamilies of the Apogonidae:

Subfamily Amioidinae Fraser & Mabuchi, 2014

Subfamily Apogoninae Günther, 1859

Subfamily Paxtoninae Fraser & Mabuchi, 2014

Subfamily Pseudaminae Smith, 1954

Fossil genera

The following fossil genera are also placed here:

Subfamily Apogoninae

Tribe †Eoapogonini Bannikov, 2005

Subfamily Pseudaminae

Fossil otoliths assigned to the otolith-based genus Apogonidarum are known from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of India and North Dakota, USA. If of apogonids, these represent the oldest record of the group.

References