Hematologic diseases are disorders which primarily affect the blood and blood-forming organs. Hematologic diseases include rare genetic disorders, anemia, HIV, sickle cell disease and complications from chemotherapy or transfusions.

Myeloid

Hemoglobinopathies (congenital abnormality of the hemoglobin molecule or of the rate of hemoglobin synthesis)

• Sickle cell disease

• Thalassemia

• Methemoglobinemia

Anemias (lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin)

• Iron-deficiency anemia

Megaloblastic anemia

Vitamin B12 deficiency

• Pernicious anemia

• Folate deficiency

Hemolytic anemias (destruction of red blood cells)

Genetic disorders of RBC membrane

• Hereditary spherocytosis

• Hereditary elliptocytosis

• Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia

Genetic disorders of RBC metabolism

• Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)

• Pyruvate kinase deficiency

Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (direct Coombs test is positive)

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia

• Idiopathic

• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

• Evans syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and hemolytic antibodies)

Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

• Cold agglutinin disease

• Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)

• Infectious mononucleosis

Alloimmune hemolytic anemia

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

• Rh disease (Rh D)

• ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn

• Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn

• Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn

• Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn

• Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kid, Duffy, MN, P and others)

Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anemia

• Penicillin (high dose)

• Methyldopa

• Hemoglobinopathies (where these is an unstable or crystalline hemoglobin)

• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (rare acquired clonal disorder of red blood cell surface proteins)

Direct physical damage to RBCs

• Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

• Secondary to artificial heart valve(s)

Aplastic anemia

• Fanconi anemia

• Diamond–Blackfan anemia (inherited pure red cell aplasia)

• Acquired pure red cell aplasia

Decreased numbers of cells

• Myelodysplastic syndrome

• Myelofibrosis

• Neutropenia (decrease in the number of neutrophils)

• Agranulocytosis

• Glanzmann's thrombasthenia

Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the number of platelets)

• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

• Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

Myeloproliferative disorders (Increased numbers of cells)

• Polycythemia vera (increase in the number of cells in general)

• Erythrocytosis (increase in the number of red blood cells)

• Leukocytosis (increase in the number of white blood cells)

• Thrombocytosis (increase in the number of platelets)

• Myeloproliferative disorder

• Transient myeloproliferative disease

Coagulopathies (disorders of bleeding and coagulation)

• Thrombocytosis

• Recurrent thrombosis

• Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Disorders of clotting proteins

Hemophilia

• Hemophilia A

• Hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease)

• Hemophilia C

• Von Willebrand disease

• Disseminated intravascular coagulation

• Protein S deficiency

• Antiphospholipid syndrome

Disorders of platelets

• Thrombocytopenia

• Glanzmann's thrombasthenia

• Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome

Hematological malignancies

Hematological malignancies

Lymphomas

• Hodgkin's disease

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma {includes the next five entries}

• Burkitt's lymphoma

• Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

• Splenic marginal zone lymphoma

• Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma

• Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT)

Myelomas

• Multiple myeloma

• Waldenström macroglobulinemia

• Plasmacytoma

Leukemias increased WBC

• Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL){now included in theCLL/SCLL type NHL}

• Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

• Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), a sub-type of acute myelogenous leukemia

• Chronic Idiopathic Myelofibrosis (MF)

• Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

• T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL)

• B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL)

• Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL)

• Hairy cell leukemia (HCL)

• T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL)

• Aggressive NK-cell leukemia

Miscellaneous

• Hemochromatosis

• Asplenia

Hypersplenism

• Gaucher's disease

• Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

• Tempi syndrome

Hematological changes secondary to non-hematological disorders

• Anemia of chronic disease

• Infectious mononucleosis

• AIDS

• Malaria

• Leishmaniasis

References

External links

• https://web.archive.org/web/20100527085120/http://hematologic.niddk.nih.gov/info/index.htm