Okolnichy on arvau

Wikipedia / Okolnichy

Okolnichy (, ) was an old Russian court official position. According to the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, directives on the position of okolnichy date back to the 14th century. Judging by the Russian records from the 16th and 17th centuries, okolnichy were entrusted with the same business in administration as boyars, with the only difference that they were placed second to boyars everywhere. While lower than boyars, it was one of the highest ranks (or positions) close to the tsar in the courts of the Moscow rulers until the government reform undertaken by Peter the Great.

The word is derived from the Russian word () meaning 'close, near', in this case 'sitting close to the Tsar'. In the mid-16th century the role became second (subordinate) to boyars.

Description

The duties of the first known okolnichies included arranging the travel and quarters of grand princes and tsars, as well as accommodating foreign ambassadors and presenting them to the court.

Okolnichies had a seat in prikazes, were appointed as namestniks and voivodes, served as diplomatic envoys and members of the tsar's council (duma).

Initially the rank of okolnichy was the second highest after that of boyar, while often they performed similar duties. According to the system of mestnichestvo, a person could not be made a boyar unless someone else in his family had recently held the boyar/okolnichy rank. Consequently, a position of okolnichy was a step towards granting the boyar rank to a non-noble. Even Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, though a Rurikid knyaz by birth and the "Saviour of the Motherland" by royal mercy, could not secure a position higher than okolnichy, because neither his parents nor uncles had ever held a rank higher than stolnik.

Under the Romanovs, the 18 noblest families of Tsardom of Russia were given the privilege of starting their official career from the rank of okolnichy, skipping all the lower ranks, such as stolnik. At the same period, the positions of okolnichy were differentiated and some of them (quarters okolnichy or close okolnichy) were of higher rank than that of non-close boyars. The terms derive from a semi-formal ranking based on the proximity to the tsar at the tsar's table.

List of okolnichies

Ivan III of Russia

Year	Name	Notes
1462	Ivan Glebov-Oschera
1476-1522	Ivan Vorontsov-Veliaminov Schedra
1476	Andrei Plescheyev
1485	Jurlo Plescheyev
1487-1503	Nikifor Basenkov
1489	Yuriy Kutuzov-Shestak
1489-1501	Boris Kutuzov
1495-1505	Petr Zabolotskiy
1495-1504	Prince Ivan Zvenigorodskiy-Zvenets
1495	Petr Plescheyev
1498-1524	Ivan Vorontsov-Veliaminov Oblias
1500	Grigoriy Mamon
1500	Ivan Chulkov-Chebot
1501-1515	Petr Davydov-Khromoy
1501	Prince Vasiliy Romodanovskiy
1501	Afanasiy Sakmyshev
1503	Ivan Mamonov Bolshoy

Vasiliy III of Russia

Year	Name	Notes
1506-1515	Konstantin Zabolotskiy
1506	Prince Konstantin Ushaty
1510	Prince Vasiliy Zvenigorodskiy Nozdrovaty
1510-1511	Mikhail Bezzubtsev
1510-1516	Petr Zhitov
1510-1520	Ivan Zhulebin
1510-1522	Petr Zakharyin-Yakovlev
1510	Ivan Morozov-Poplevin
1510	Andrei Saburov
1510	Ivan Dobrynskiy-Simskiy Khabar
1512-1515	Ivan Kolychyov Loban	Killed
1513-1535	Andrei Buturlin
1514-1528	Vasiliy Zakharyin-Yakovlev
1514-1538	Mikhail Zakharyin-Yuryev
1514-1520	Dmitriy Kitayev
1514	Ivan Liatskiy
1516	Vasiliy Morozov-Poplevin
1516	Fedor Peshkov-Saburov Musa
1517	Fedor Karpov
1518	Mikhail Tuchkov-Morozov
1522	Mikhail Plescheyev
1522	Prince Semen Serebriany
1522	Prince Ivan Telepnev-Obolenskiy, the Mute
1522	Prince Ivan Ushaty-Liapun
1523-1529	Andrei Velikoy
1523	Prince Mikhail Kubenskiy
1524	Prince Ivan Paletskiy
1525-1534	Fedor Bezzubtsev
1530	Fedor Karpov
1532	Yakov Morozov-Poplevin
1532	Prince Vasiliy Ushaty-Chulok

Ivan the Terrible

Year	Name	Notes
1535	Ivan Briukhovo-Morozov
1535	Semen Shestunov-Krivoy
1536-1561	Ivan Vorontsov-Foka
1538-1554	Ivan Zhulebin Bolshoy
1538-1543	Dmitriy Ivanov-Slepoy
1539	Fedor Nagoy
1539-1545	Semen Bezzubtsov Yepanchin
1540	Prince Ivan Riapolovskiy Strigin
1542	Fedor Plescheyev
1543-1547	Ivan Bezzubtsov
1544	Ivan Shein
1547-1551	Ivan Kolychyov-Rudakov
1547	Danila Zakharyin	Okolnichy and Dvoretsky (1547)
1548-1555	Ivan Kolychyov Umnoy
1548-1556	Fedor Adashev
1548	Grigoriy Morozov-Poplevin
1548	Mikhail Morozov-Poplevin
1548	Danila Zakharyin
1549-1557	Andrei Kvashin
1549-1571	Dolmat Karpov
1549	Ivan Sheremetev Bolshoy
1549	Grigoriy Yakovlia
1550-1554	Ivan Karpov
1550	Semen Zabolotskiy
1550	Vladimir Morozov-Poplevin
1550	Petr Morozov-Poplevin
1550	Semen Peshkov-Saburov
1550	Yakov Saltykov
1552-1567	Ivan Vorontsov
1552-1562	Ivan Golovin
1552	Semen Morozov-Poplevin
1552	Aleksei Basmanov
? (died 1566)	Mikhail Golovin	Executed
1552	Lev Saltykov
1552	Ivan Chobotov
1554	Prince Ivan Khvorostinin
1554	Ivan Alferyev
1555-1560	Vasiliy Borisov
1555-1561	Aleksei Adashev
1555	Dmitriy Chebotov
1555	Mikhail Yakovlia
1556	Dmitriy Plescheyev
1556	Vasiliy Danilov
1557	Semen Yakovlev
155?	Ivan Yakovlev
1557	Nikita Sheremetev
1558	Ivan Sheremetev Menshoy
1558	Dmitriy Shastunov
1559	Daniil Adashev	Executed
1559	Fedor Kolychyov-Umnoy
1559	Prince Vasiliy Sitskiy
1559	Mikhail Yuryev
1559	Vasiliy Yakovlia
? (died 1561)	Prince Dmitriy Paletskiy
1563-1575	Petr Zaitsov
1563	Zakhariy Plescheyev
1563-1567	Petr Golovin
1565-1575	Vasiliy Kolychyov-Umnoy
1565-1571	Mikhail Lykov
1565	Mikhail Tuchkov-Morozov
1565	Ivan Chulkov
1567-1571	Mikhail Kolychyov	Executed
1567-1576	Nikita Borisov
1568-1571	Prince Vasiliy Viazemskiy
1569	Prince Dmitriy Khvorostinin
1571	Prince Ivan Khvorostinin
1572	Grigoriy Sobakin
1572	Vasiliy Sobakin Menshoy
1572	Prince Osip Scherbatov
1573	Prince Petr Tatev
1573	Vasiliy Kolychyov
1573-1578	Vasiliy Vorontsov	Executed
1573-1605	Dmitriy Godunov
1573	Prince Yuriy Tokmakov
1573	Prince Boris Tulupov
1576-1605	Stepan Godunov
1576	Boris Shein
1577	Prince Petr Tatev
1577	Prince Dmitriy Khvorostinin
1577	Fedor Nagoy
1577	Mikhail Petrov
1577	Fedor Sheremetev
1577-1580	Prince Timofei Dolgorukov
1563-1571	Afanasiy Buturlin
1563	Ivan Buturlin
1568-1575	Dmitriy Buturlin
1581	Prince Ivan Velikogagin Menshoy
1581-1602	Ivan Godunov
1581	Prince Fedor Troyekurov
15??	Dolmat Dalmatov-Karpov	At times of Ivan the Terrible

Feodor I of Russia, the Blessed

Year	Name	Notes
1584-1586	Prince Dmitriy Yeletskiy Boroda
1584	Prince Fedor Khvorostinin
1584	Ivan Saburov-Peshko
1584	Prince Ivan Ganin
1584-1613	Ivan Golovin
1585	Prince Ivan Kolychev-Kriuk
1585-1589	Prince Boris Zasekin
1585-1604	Ivan Buturlin
1587-1600	Andrei Kleshnin
1587	Nikita Ochin-Plescheyev
1587	Prince Petr Lobanov-Rostovskiy
1590	Mikhail Saltykov
1591	Semen Saburov Peshko
1592-1607	Yakov Godunov-Tolstoy
1593	Prince Ivan Turenin
1596-1604	Dmitriy Veliaminov-Obenekov

Boris Godunov

Year	Name	Notes
1598-1610	Bogdan Belskiy
1598-1605	Semen Godunov
1598-1639	Matvei Godunov
1598	Stepan Godunov
1598-1622	Nikita Godunov
1598	Prince Vasiliy Khvorostinin
1598	Mikhail Saltykov
1598	Mikhail Romanov
1598-1603	Foma Buturlin
1601	Vasiliy Morozov
1601-1606	Petr Basmanov
1603	Prince Ivan Khvorostinin
1603-1611	Prince Aleksandr Zasekin-Zhyrovoy
1604	Ivan Basmanov
1604-1610	Ivan Godunov
1604	Prince Vasiliy Terenin
1604	Petr Sheremetev

False Dmitry I

Year	Name	Notes
1605-1613	Prince Grigoriy Dolgorukov	Killed
1605	Andrei Nagoy
1605	Grigoriy Nagoy
1605	Prince Dmitriy Turenin-Obolenskiy

Vasili IV of Russia Shuiskiy

Year	Name	Notes
1606-1612	Vasiliy Golovin
1606	Prince Vladimir Klubkov-Mosalskiy
1606	Aleksei Plescheyev
1606	Prince Grigoriy Romodanovskiy
1607	Mikhail Tatischev
1607-1654	Semen Golovin
1607	Vasiliy Schelkalov
1607-1634	Artemiy Izmailov
1610	Prince Vasiliy Litvinov-Mosalskiy

Michael of Russia

Year	Name	Notes
1613	Boris Saltykov
1619-1620	Aleksei Zyuzin
1620-1640	Fedor Buturlin
1622-1628	Prince Fedor Lykov
1623-1627	Prince Daniil Dolgorukov
1623	Mikhail Saltykov
1626-1643	Lev Dolmatov-Karpov
1627-1634	Prince
1627-1629	Vasiliy Akhamashukov-Cherkasskiy
1627-1640	Feodor Buturlin
1627-1640	Lev Dalmatov-Karpov
1627-1640	Grigoriy Pushkin
1628-1629	Prince Aleksei Lvov
1629 и 1636—1658	Prince Andrei Litvinov-Mosalskiy
1629-1640	Prince Semen Prozorovskiy
1629-1640	Stepan Proyestev
1630	Lukian Streshnev
1634	Vasiliy Streshnev
1634-1635	Vasiliy Korobyin
1634-1665	Prince Fedor Volkonskiy
1635	Prince Andrei Masalskiy
1636-1646	Fedor Volynskiy
1636-1640	Mikhail Saltykov
1636-1640	Fedor Streshnev
1637	Nikolay Veliaminov-Obenekov
1640	Miron Veliaminov-Zernov
1640	Prince Dmitriy Lvov
1640	Nikifor Sobakin
1640-1658	Boris Pushkin

Alexis of Russia

Year	Name	Notes
1645	Grigoriy Pushkin
1646	Prince Dmitriy Volkonskiy
1646	Prince Vasiliy Romodanovskiy Menshoy
1646	Mikhail Buturlin
1646	Petr Trakhaniotov
1646	Fedor Karpov-Dolmatov
1647	Prince Semen Pozharskiy
1647	Prince Ivan Khilkov
1648	Prince Ivan Romodanovskiy Menshoy
1649	Prince Ivan Khilkov
1649	Stepan Pushkin
1649-1651	Timofei Buturlin
1650-1673	Fedor Buturlin
1650-1655	Vasiliy Buturlin
1650	Mikhail Rtischev
1650	Vasiliy Choglokov
(?) died 1650	Prince Petr Volkonskiy
1651	Stepan Streshnev
1651-1674	Prince Dmitriy Dolgorukov
1652-1654	Petr Golovin
1652-1659	Prince Semen Lvov
1653	Prince Aleksei Dolgorukov
1654	Prince Boris Troyekurov
1655	Andrei Buturlin
1655	Daniil Velikogagin
1655	Prince Timofei Scherbatov
1655-1667	Zhdan Kondyrev
1655	Fedor Kriukov	received feoffment as yaselnichy
1656	Nikita Boborykin
1656	Fedor Rtischev
1658-1664	Fedor Yelizarov
1658-1667	Vasiliy Yeropkin
1658	Ivan Gavrenev
1658-1661	Aleksei Kolychyov
1658	Fedor Miloslavskiy
1658	Prince Ivan Lobanov-Rostovskiy
1658	Prince Vasiliy Lvov
1658	Prince Semen Lvov
1658	Prince Lobanov-Rostovskiy
1658	Prince Semen Pozharskiy
1658-1664	Prince Fedor Dolgorukov
1658	Prince Grigoriy Romodanovskiy
1658	Prince Ivan Pozharskiy
1658	Prokofiy Sokovnin
1658	Ivan Streshnev Menshoy
1658	Prince Fedor Khilkov
1658	Bogdan Khitrovo
1658	Vasiliy Choglokov
1658	Osip Shusherin
1658	Timofei Shusherin
1658-1668	Prince Nikita Lvov
1658-1668	Prince Dmitriy Dolgorukov
1658-1668	Prince Petr Dolgorukov
1658-1668	Prince Danila Veliko-Gagin
1658-1668	Andrei Buturlin
1658-1668	Fedor Buturlin
1658-1673	Semen Izmailov
1658-1668	Prince Ivan Pozharskiy
1658-1668	Fedor Rtischev
1658-1668	Osip Sukin
1658-1676	Prince Ivan Bariatinskiy
1658-1676	Nikita Boborykin
1658-1676	Mikhail Volynskiy
1658-1676	Vasiliy Volynskiy
1658-1676	Ivan Miloslavskiy
1658-1676	Ivan Streshnev Bolshoy
1658-1676	Rodion Streshnev
1659	Mikhail Volynskiy
1660	Prince Osip Scherbatov
1665	Ivan Miloslavskiy
1665	Afanasiy Ordin-Naschokin
(?) died 1667	Vasiliy Choglokov
1668	Prince Yuriy Bariatisnkiy
1668-1675	Prince Vasiliy Volkonskiy-Verigin Liubka
1668-1676	Prince Vladimir Dolgorukov
1668-1676	Prince Grigoriy Kozlovskiy
1668-1676	Matvei Pushkin
1668-1686	Petr Skuratov
1670-1676	Konstantin Shusherin	Boyar (1682—1692).
1671-1675	Prince Vasiliy Volkonskiy-Verigin Liubka
1672	Artamon Matveyev
1672	Kirill Naryshkin
1675	Ivan Khitrovo

Feodor III of Russia

Year	Name	Notes
1676-1677	Ivan Buturlin
1676	Matvei Miloslavskiy
1676	Prince Aleksandr Lobanov-Rostovskiy
1676	Afanasiy Narbekov
1676	Grigoriy Sobakin
1676-1686	Aleksandr Khitrovo
1677	Ivan Khitrovo Bolshoy
1677	Yakov Volynskiy
1677	Aleksei Golovin
1677	Mikhail Golovin
1677	Semen Zaborovskiy
1677	Ivan Matiushkin
1677	Petr Matiushkin
1677	Ivan Kondyrev
1677	Ivan Rzhevskiy
1677	Vasiliy Sobakin
1677	Fedor Sokovnin
1677	Ilya Chirikov
1677	Boris Yushkov
1677	Prince Grigoriy Volkonskiy
1677	Prince Ivan Troyekurov
1677-1686	Andrei Chirikov
1677-1686	Petr Kondyrev
1677-1692	Prince Stepan Lvov
1678	Semen Kondyrev
1678-1686	Ivan Pronchischev
1678-1692	Ivan Chaadayev
1679	Nikita Streshnev
1679	Boris Buturlin
1679	Ivan Volynskiy
1679	Ivan Kodanov
1679	Prince Mikhail Lvov
1679-1686	Prince Daniil Bariatinskiy
1680	Prince Daniil Bariatinskiy
1680	Ivan Yazykov
1680	Prince Boris Gorchakov
1680	Aleksei Likhachyov
1681	Prince Ivan Korkodinov
1681	Prince Mikhail Lykov

Ivan V of Russia and Peter the Great

Year	Name	Notes
1682	Roman Bobrykin
1682	Fedor Leontyev
1682	Andrei Leontyev
1682	Ivan Leontyev
1682-1692	Vasiliy Leontyev
1682	Pavel Yazykov
1682	Prince Fedul Volkonskiy
1682	Prince Mikhail Volkonskiy
1682	Prince Vladimir Volkonskiy
1682	Prince Petr Lvov
1682	Fedor Volynskiy
1682-1692	Mikhail Glebov
1682	Petr Golovin
1682	Lev Golokhvastov
1682	Prince Mikhail Zhirovoy-Zasekin
1682	Andrei Matveyev
1682	Aleksandr Protasyev
1682	Bogdan Pushkin
1682	Andrei Tolshoy
1682	Fedor Scheglovitov
1682-1686	Larion Miloslavskiy
1682-1686	Tikhon Streshnev
1682-1686	Prince Yakov Khilkov
1682-1686	Kirill Khlopov
1682-1692	Venedikt Zmeyev
1682-1692	Prince Boris Gorchakov
1682-1692	Vasiliy Narbekov
1682-1692	Bogdan Polibin
1682-1692	Ivan Pushkin
1682-1692	Aleksei Sokovnin
1683	Prince Nikita Rostovskiy
1683-1686	Leontiy Nepliuyev
1683-1686	Ivan Buturlin
1683-1686	Prince Matvei Obolenskiy
1683-1686	Aleksei Rzhevskiy
1683-1692	Ivan Musin-Pushkin
1683-1692	Matvei Izmailov
1683-1692	Semen Tolochanov
1683-1692	Prince Ivan Khotetovskiy
1683-1692	Prince Fedor Shakhovskoy
1683-1692	Prince Dmitriy Scherbatov
1684-1713	Petr Apraksin
1684-1692	Nikita Akinfov
1684-1727	Fedor Apraksin	Governor of Astrakhan (1693), Admiral general (1706)
1684-1686	Mikhail Tatischev
1684-1692	Ivan Zheliabuzhskiy
1684-1692	Prince Vasiliy Zasekin
1685	Prince Ivan Dashkov
1686	Fedor Golovin
1686	Yakov Pushkin
1686 и 1692	Mikhail Likhachev
1687-1692	Prince Mikhail Lvov
1688	Petr Lopukhin Menshoy
1688	Kondratiy Naryshkin
1688	Matvei Naryshkin
1688	Aggei Shepelev
1688-1692	Ivan Leontyev
1688-1692	Ivan Matiushkin
1688-1692	Prince Petr Lvov
1688-1692	Mikhail Sobakin
1689	Ivan Golovin
1689	Vasiliy Lopukhin
1689	Illarion Lopukhin
1689	Petr Lopukhin Bolshoy
1689	Ivan Golovkin
1689	Semen Poltev
1689	Ivan Tatischev Bolshoy
1689	Fedor Shaklovity
1689-1692	Ivan Golovin
1689-1692	Kiryan Kvashnin-Samarin
1689-1692	Grigoriy Naryshkin
1689-1692	Pavel Savyolov
1689-1692	Dmitriy Streshnev
1690-1692	Andrei Leontyev
1690-1692	Prince Ivan Zasekin
1690-1692	Fedor Zykov
1690-1692	Mikhail Kolupayev
1690-1692	Mikhail Glebov
1690-1692	Iov Golokhvastov
1690-1692	Rodion Pavlov
1690-1692	Timofei Savyolov
1690-1692	Vasiliy Streshnev
1690-1692	Prince Ivan Ukhtomskiy
1690-1692	Prince Perfiliy Shakhovskoy
1691	Semen Koltovskiy
1691	Vasiliy Naryshkin
1691-1692	Fedor Narbekov
1691-1692	Prince Fedor Bariatinskiy
1691-1692	Aleksandr Protasyev
1692	Vasiliy Leontyev
1692	Ivan Naryshkin
1692	Petr Potyomkin
1692	Prince Vladimir Volkonskiy
1692	Timofei Yushkov
1693	Petr Golovin
1693	Prince Mikhail Zhirovoy-Zasekin
1693	Yuriy Shusherin
1693-1696	Timofei Choglokov
1711	Aleksei Yushkov	Promoted from stolniks to okolnichies (4 November 1711) during trip of the Tsar to Elbing. There were no more promotions to okolnichy.