↑ arvau

ArchWiki / Node.js

hu:Node.js ja:Node.js zh-hans:Node.js

Node.js is a JavaScript runtime environment combined with useful libraries. Node.js uses Google V8 engine to execute code outside of the web browser. Due to its event-driven, non-blocking I/O model, it is suitable for real-time web applications.

Installation

Install the nodejs package. There are long-term support (LTS) releases, too:

Node version manager

It is not uncommon to need or desire to work in different versions of Node.js. A preferred method among Node.js users is to use Node Version Manager (nvm), which allows for cheap and easy alternative installs. You can set nvm up by adding this to your Command-line shell#Configuration files:

. /usr/share/nvm/init-nvm.sh

Usage is well documented on the project's GitHub but is as simple as:

$ nvm install 8.0
Downloading and installing node v8.0.0...
[..]

$ nvm use 8.0
Now using node v8.0.0 (npm v5.0.0)

If you decide to use nvm, previously it was suggested to use nodejs-fake package from AUR, which is now deleted. Suggested way is to use --assume-installed nodejs=<version>, as per the manual pacman(8).

If you want to run nvm use automatically every time there is a .nvmrc file on the directory, add this recipe in shell initialization files.

Node packaged modules

npm is the official package manager for Node.js. It can be installed with the npm package.

Managing packages with npm

Installing packages

Any package can be installed using:

$ npm install packageName

This command installs the package in the current directory under node_modules and executables under node_modules/.bin.

For a system-wide installation global switch -g can be used:

# npm -g install packageName

By default this command installs the package under /usr/lib/node_modules/npm and requires root privileges to do so. (If using a secure umask like umask 0077, you will need to set up a permissive sudo umask for the package to be usable.)

Allow user-wide installations

To allow global package installations for the current user, set the npm_config_prefix environment variable. This is used by both npm and yarn.

PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
export npm_config_prefix="$HOME/.local"
~/.profile

bin and lib directories will be automatically created in your prefix directory once you install a package globally.

Re-login or source to update changes.

You can also specify the --prefix parameter for npm install. However, this is not recommended, since you will need to add it every time you install a global package.

$ npm -g install packageName --prefix ~/.local

Another option is to set prefix field in $HOME/.npmrc. This achieves the same effect as using npm_config_prefix="$HOME/.local" in one's .profile:

$ npm set prefix="$HOME/.local"

The last method is specific to npm only.

Updating packages

Updating packages is as simple as

$ npm update packageName

For the case of globally installed packages (-g)

# npm update -g packageName

Remember that globally installed packages require administrator privileges unless prefix is set to a user-writable directory

Updating all packages

However, sometimes you may just wish to update all packages, either locally or globally. Leaving off the packageName npm will attempt to update all packages

$ npm update

or add the -g flag to update globally installed packages

# npm update -g

Removing packages

To remove a package installed with the -g switch simply use:

# npm -g uninstall packageName

Remember that globally installed packages require administrator privileges

to remove a local package drop the switch and run:

$ npm uninstall packageName

Listing packages

To show a tree view of the installed globally packages use:

$ npm -g list

This tree is often quite deep. To only display the top level packages use:

$ npm -g list --depth=0

To display obsolete packages that may need to be updated:

$ npm -g outdated

Managing packages with pacman

Some Node.js packages can be found in Arch User Repository (AUR) with the name nodejs-package_name.

See the Node.js package guidelines for best practices in packaging Node.js packages for AUR.

Troubleshooting

npm help does not display documentation

Using npm help topic may not display the documentation for topic. Instead, use man npm-topic. For example:

$ npm help install
Top hits for "install"
...
$ man npm-install
... shows the documentation for the npm install subcommand

This is a bug with Arch's npm package.

node-gyp errors

In case of errors like gyp WARN EACCES user "root" does not have permission to access the ... dir, --unsafe-perm option might help:

# npm install --unsafe-perm -g node-inspector

Cannot find module ... errors

Since npm 5.x.x. package-lock.json file is generated along with the package.json file. Conflictions may arise when the two files refer to different package versions. A temporary method to solving this problem has been:

$ rm package-lock.json
$ npm install

However, fixes were made after npm 5.1.0 or above. For further information, see: missing dependencies

See also