Wikipedia / Timeline of hypertext technology
Wikipedia / Timeline of hypertext technology
This article presents a timeline of hypertext technology, including "hypermedia" and related human–computer interaction projects and developments from ancient times and up to the present day. The term hypertext is credited to the author and philosopher Ted Nelson.
See also Graphical user interface, Multimedia; also Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine's Mundaneum, a massively cross-referenced card index system established in 1910.
700 BCE–600 CE
700 BCE–300 CE
300 BCE–400 CE
300–600 CE
1930s
1939
1940s
1941
1945
Memex (concept by Vannevar Bush)
1960s
1960
Project Xanadu (concept)
1962
Marshall McLuhan's The Gutenberg Galaxy uses the term surfing
1967
Hypertext Editing System (HES) by Andries van Dam and Ted Nelson at Brown University
1968
1970s
1972
1973
1976
1978
1979
1980s
1980
ENQUIRE (not released)
1981
Electronic Document System (EDS, aka Document Presentation System)
1982
1983
Knowledge Management System (KMS, successor to ZOG)
TIES (The Interactive Encyclopedia System, later HyperTies)
1984
1985
Intermedia (successor to FRESS and EDS)
Symbolics Document Examiner (Symbolics workstations)
1986
TextNet (a network-based approach to text handling)
Neptune (a hypertext system for CAD applications)
1987
Canon Cat ("Leap" function, interface)
Knowledge Navigator (concept described by former Apple Computer CEO John Sculley in his book Odyssey)
1988
1989
1990s
1990
Hyperland (BBC documentary written by Douglas Adams)
1991
1995
1996
Hyperwire (Kinetix)
1998
1999
2000s
2001
2005
2014
OpenXanadu, an implementation of Project Xanadu
2019
Gemini, a lightweight complement to the Web