Conflict

Allies

Opponents

Outcome

French Revolution(1789–1799)

Location: France

Kingdom of France

• Catholic and Royal Army

• Chouans

• Armée des Émigrés

Revolutionaries

• Jacobins

• Cordeliers

• Girondins

• Sans-culottes

• Thermidorians

French Republican victory

• Abolition of the Ancien régime and creation of constitutional monarchy

• Proclamation of the French First Republic in September 1792

• Reign of Terror and execution of Louis XVI

• French Revolutionary Wars

• Establishment of the French Consulate in November 1799

War of the First Coalition(1792–1797)

Location: France, Central Europe, Italy, the Low Countries, Spain, West Indies

• (from 1795)

• Sister republics

First Coalition

French victory; Treaty of The Hague, Treaty of Paris, Peaces of Basel, Treaty of Tolentino, Treaty of Campo Formio

• French annexation of the Austrian Netherlands, the Left Bank of the Rhine, Savoy, and other smaller territories

• Santo Domingo to France

• French sister republics established

• End of millennial Venetian independence

War in the Vendée(1793–1796)

Location: West France: Maine-et-Loire, Vendée, Loire-Atlantique, Deux-Sèvres (or former provinces of Anjou, Poitou, Brittany)

French Republic

Vendeans

French Republican victory

War of the Pyrenees(1793-1795)

Location: Pyrenees

French Republic

Spain

French victory

• Peace of Basel

• Spain cedes Santo Domingo to France

Haitian Revolution(1791–1804)

• Saint-Domingue expedition

• Battle of Ravine-à-Couleuvres

• Battle of Crête-à-Pierrot

• Blockade of Saint-Domingue

• Battle of Vertières

1791–1793 1793–1798 1798–1801 1802–1804

1791–1793 1793–1798 1798–1801 1802–1804

(1793–1798)

Haitian victory

• Reprisal massacres against French population

• Establishment of the Empire of Haiti

French invasion of Switzerland(1798)

Location: Old Swiss Confederacy

French victory

• Switzerland becomes a French client state

War of the Second Coalition(1798–1802)

• Mediterranean campaign of 1798

• Cisalpine Republic

• Helvetic Republic

• Ligurian Republic

• Tuscany

French victory

• Trinidad, Ceylon and Malta to Britain

• Parma and Louisiana to France

• Tuscany to the House of Bourbon

• Foundation of the Septinsular Republic

• Portuguese Olivença to Spain and renamed Olivenza (Treaty of Badajoz)

• Reichsdeputationshauptschluss

Peasants' War(1798)

Location: Southern Netherlands annexed by the French Republic

French Republic

Brigands

French Republican victory

Quasi-War

(1798–1800) Location: Primarily Caribbean and East Coast of the United States, minor actions in Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea

Convention of 1800

War of the Oranges(1801)

Location: Alentejo, PortugalRio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso, Brazil

• State of Brazil

• Treaty of Badajoz

• Question of Olivença

• Territory of Brazil expanded

• Portuguese territory returned, except Olivenza, and border territories, which remained in Spanish possession; France territorial guarantees in Trinidad, Port Mahon (Menorca) and Malta, as well as lands north of Brazil; Southern Spanish America loses territory to Portuguese Brazil

Conflict

France & allies

France's opposition

Outcome

War of the Third Coalition(1803–1806)

Location: Central Europe, Italy and the Atlantic Ocean

• Batavian Republic

• Kingdom of Italy

• Etruria

French victory

• Treaty of Pressburg

Franco-Swedish War(1805–1810)

Location: Swedish Pomerania

• Russian Empire(1808–09)

• Denmark–Norway(1808–09)

• Russian Empire(until 1807)

• Austrian Empire

• Saxony

French victory

• Sweden regains Swedish Pomerania

• Sweden integrates into the Continental System

Siege of Santo Domingo(1805)

Location: Santo Domingo, Captaincy General of Santo Domingo

France

Haiti

French victory

• Beheadings of Moca

War of the Fourth Coalition(1806–1807)

Location: Central Europe

• Confederation of the Rhine

• Etruria

• Holland

• Italy

• Naples

• Saxony

• Polish Legions

• Swiss Confederation

• Prussia

• Saxony

• Sweden

• Sicily

• Septinsular Republic

French victory

• Treaties of Tilsit

• Treaty of PosenPrussia loses over half of its territory

• Creation of the Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of Westphalia

Gunboat War(1807–1814)

Location: the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

Denmark–NorwayCo-belligerent: Russian Empire (1808–09)Supported by: French Empire

United Kingdom Sweden (1808–09, 1813–1814)

Anglo-Swedish victory

• Treaty of Kiel

• End of Denmark-Norway

• Heligoland ceded to the United Kingdom

• Swedish Pomerania ceded to Denmark

• Norway ceded to the King of Sweden

Invasion of Portugal (1807)

Location: Portugal

Kingdom of Spain

Kingdom of Portugal

Franco-Spanish victory, Portuguese mainland under joint Franco-Spanish occupation

Finnish War(1808–1809)

Location: Finland and Sweden

Russian victory

• Treaty of Fredrikshamn (Sweden loses Finland, Åland, a part of Lapland and a part of West Bothnia, from which the Grand Duchy of Finland was constituted, an autonomous part of the Russian Empire.)

Dano-Swedish War (1808–1809)(1808–1809)

Location: Scandinavia

• French Empire

Inconclusive

• See

Peninsular War(1808–1814)

Location: the Iberian Peninsula and Southern France

• Bonapartist Spain

• Italy

• Confederated States of the Rhine

• Holland

• Swiss Confederation

Coalition victory

• Treaty of Paris

• Spanish Bourbon monarchy restored

• Spain regains Santo Domingo

• Revolts break out in Spanish America

War of the Fifth Coalition(1809)

Location: Central Europe, Northern Italy, and the Low Countries

• Saxony

• Westphalia

• Württemberg

• Duchy of Warsaw

• Naples

• Holland

• Portugal

• Spain

• Sardinia

• Sicily

French victory

• Illyrian Provinces to France

• Salzburg to Bavaria

• West Galicia to Duchy of Warsaw

• Tarnopol to Russia

Tyrolean Rebellion(1809)

Location: Tyrol

Tyrolean civilian militia (Schützen) Supported by: Austrian Empire

French victory

French invasion of Russia(1812)

Location: Russian Empire

French Empire Duchy of Warsaw Italy Naples Switzerland Regiment Joseph Napoleon (Spain) French allies:

Russian victory

War of the Sixth Coalition(1812–1814)

Location: Central and Eastern Europe, the Low Countries, and France

• Naples

• Confederation of the Rhine

• Spain

• Mecklenburg-Schwerin

• Sardinia

Coalition victory

Hundred Days(1815) Location: France and the Netherlands

• Second Treaty of Paris

• End of the Napoleonic Wars

• Second exile of Napoleon (to the island of Saint Helena) and second Bourbon Restoration

• Beginning of the Concert of Europe

Conflict

France & allies

France's opposition

Outcome

Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis(1823)

Location: Spain

Armée de la Foi

Partisans of the Cortes

Spanish and French Bourbon royalist victory

• End of the Trienio Liberal

• Start of the Ominous Decade

Greek War of Independence(1821–1829)

• Battle of Navarino

• Morea Expedition

Greek Revolutionaries After 1822:

Greek victory

• The Peloponnese, Saronic Islands, Cyclades, Sporades and Continental Greece ceded to the independent Greek state

• Crete ceded to Egypt

Franco-Trarzan War of 1825(1825)

Location: Waalo, West Africa

Kingdom of France

Emirate of Trarza

French victory

Irish and German Mercenary Soldiers' Revolt(1828)

Location: Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil

Empire of Brazil Kingdom of France United Kingdom

Irish mercenariesGerman mercenaries

Revolt suppressed

July Revolution(July 1830)

Location: Paris, Kingdom of France

• Royal Guard

• French Royal Army

• Liberals

• Republicans

• Bonapartists

• Doctrinaires

Revolutionary victory

• End of Charles X's rule

• Establishment of the constitutional July Monarchy

• Louis Philippe I becomes new King of the French

• Start of the uprisings in Belgium and Poland

Conflict

France & allies

France's opposition

Outcome

Liberal Wars(1828–34)

• Battle of the Tagus

Liberals Supported by:

Miguelites Supported by:

Liberal victory

• Concession of Evoramonte

French conquest of Algeria(1830–1903)

• Battle of Macta

• Siege of Constantine

• Battle of Mazagran

• Battle of the Smala

• Battle of Sidi Brahim

• Constantine

• Titteri

• Oran

French victory

• Pacification of Algeria

Belgian Revolution(1830–31)

Location: The Low Countries

Treaty of London

• Most European powers' recognition of Belgium's independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands

June Rebellion(1832)

Location: Paris

• National Guards

• Regular Army

Republicans

Government victory

• Uprising suppressed

First Carlist War(1833–1840)

Location: Spain

Liberals Supported by: France United Kingdom Portugal

Carlists Supported by: Portugal

Liberal victory

• Lord Eliot Convention

• Convention of Vergara

Pastry War(1838–1839)

Location: Veracruz, Mexico

French victory

Uruguayan Civil War(1839–1851)

• Battle of Vuelta de Obligado

• Gobierno de la Defensa

Colorado victory

• The Colorado Party triumphs in Uruguay.

• In Argentina, Rosas is overthrown by Urquiza in the Battle of Caseros.

• Argentine Unification War.

First Franco-Moroccan War(1844)

• Bombardment of Tangiers

• Battle of Isly

• Bombardment of Mogador

Morocco

French victory

• Treaty of Tangier

Franco-Tahitian War(1844–1847)

Location: the Society Islands

FranceTahitian allies

Tahiti Huahine Raiatea-Tahaa Bora Bora

French victory

Bombardment of Tourane(1847)

Location: Off Tourane (Da Nang), South Central Coast of Vietnam

France

Đại Nam

French victory

French Revolution of 1848(February 1848)

Location: Paris, France

• French Army

• Municipal Guard

• Civilian protesters

• National Guard defectors

Republican victory

• Abdication of King Louis Philippe

• Abolition of the monarchy

• Establishment of the republic under a provisional government

Conflict

France & allies

France's opposition

Outcome

June Days uprising(June 1848)

Location: France

• French Army

• National Guard

• Garde Mobile

Insurgents

Second Republic victory

• Failure of the uprising

• Adoption of the French Constitution of 1848

• 1848 French presidential election

First Italian War of Independence(1848–1849)

Location: Lombardy–Venetia and Piedmont

(1849)

Supported by:

Austrian victory

• Return to the status quo ante bellum

French invasion of Honolulu(1849)

Location: Honolulu, Hawaii

Hawaiian Kingdom

French victory

Conflict

France & allies

France's opposition

Outcome

Soninke-Marabout War (Kombo)(1850-1856)

Location: Kingdom of Kombo

French victory

• Cession of Sabbajee and surrounding areas to the British

• Negotiated peace between the Soninke and Marabouts arbitrated by the British

Taiping Rebellion(1850–1864)

Location: China

• Later stages:

Qing victory

Bombardment of Salé(1851)

Location: Salé, Morocco

French Republic

Morocco

• Morocco agreed to pay 100,000 francs to the French on 29 November 1851 to avoid further conflict.

• France had desired a revolt against the governor of Salé to force repayment and avoid destruction of the city, but this did not occur.

Crimean War(1853–1856)

Location: Crimea, North Caucasus, Balkans, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, White Sea, Far East

Sardinia

Allied victory

• Russia loses the Danube Delta and Southern Bessarabia

Second Opium War(1856-1860)

Location: China

Allied victory

• Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutters Island ceded to form part of British Hong Kong

• Outer Manchuria ceded to Russia

Siege of Medina Fort(1857)

Location: Médine, present day Mali

French EmpireKhasso

Toucouleur Empire

French victory

Campagne de Kabylie (1857)(1857)

Location: Algeria

France

Kabylie Tribes

French Victory

Cochinchina Campaign(1858–1862)

Location: Nam Kỳ, Đại Nam

• Spanish East Indies

Đại Nam

• Treaty of Saigon

• Cochinchina becomes a French colony

Second Italian War of Independence(1859)

Location: Lombardy–Venetia, Piedmont and the Austrian Littoral

Sardinia

Franco-Sardinian victory

• Armistice of Villafranca

• Sardinia annexes Lombardy from Austria, occupies and later annexes Habsburg-ruled Tuscany, Modena and Emilia, as well as Papal-ruled Romagna

• France gains Savoy and Nice from Sardinia.

Second Franco-Mexican War(1861–1867)

• Battle of Puebla

• Battle of Barranca Seca

• Battle of San Pablo del Monte

• Battle of Camarón

• Battle of San Juan Bautista

• Capture of Mazatlán

• Battle of Acapulco

• Battle of San Pedro

• Siege of Mexico City

Mexican Republican victory

Shimonoseki Campaign(1863–1864)

Location: Shimonoseki, Japan

Allied victory

French expedition to Korea(1866)

Location: Predominantly Ganghwa Island, some small engagements on the Korean Peninsula

Joseon victory

• French retreat; failure of punitive expedition

• Korea reaffirms its isolationism

Garibaldis expedition to Rome (1867)

Location: Near Mentana, modern Italy

France

volunteers

Franco-Papal victory

Franco-Prussian War(1870–71)

Location: France and the Rhine Province, Prussia

Before 4 September 1870:After 4 September 1870: Redshirts

• Before 18 January 1871:

• Hesse

• and 19 smaller states

German victory

• End of the Second French Empire

• Unification of Germany and establishment of the German Empire

• German annexation of Alsace–Lorraine

Conflict

France & allies

France's opposition

Outcome

Paris Commune(1871)

Location: Paris

French Third Republic

Communards National Guards

Third Republic victory

Mokrani Revolt(1871–1872)

Location: Algeria

France

Algerian rebels: Kingdom of Ait Abbas Sultanate of Tuggurt Algerian ZawiyasAlgerian peasantry

French victory

Annexation of the Leeward Islands(1880–1897)

Location: Society Islands

France Tahiti (French protectorate)

Raiatea-Tahaa Huahine Bora Bora

French victory

French conquest of Tunisia(1881)

Location: Tunisia

France

Beylik of Tunis

French victory

• Tunisia becomes a French protectorate

Mandingo Wars(1883–1898)

Location: West Africa

France

Wassoulou Empire

French victory

First Madagascar expedition(1883–1885)

Location: Madagascar

France

Merina Kingdom

French victory

Sino-French War(1884–1885)

• Battle of Fuzhou

• Kep Campaign

• Battle of Shipu

• Battle of Zhenhai

• Lạng Sơn Campaign

• Siege of Tuyên Quang

• Battle of Hòa Mộc

• Battle of Phu Lam Tao

• Battle of Bang Bo

• Retreat from Lạng Sơn

• Pescadores Campaign

France

ChinaBlack Flag Army Nguyễn dynasty

• Treaty of Tientsin

• China officially recognizes French domination over Vietnam

Tonkin Campaign(1883–1886)

Location: Northern Vietnam

France

Qing dynasty Black Flag Army Nguyễn dynasty

French victory

• French protectorate over Tonkin and Annam

First Franco-Dahomean War(1890)

Location: Ouémé Department of modern Benin

France

Dahomey

French victory

• Dahomey recognizes Porto-Novo as a French protectorate and gives up customs rights to Cotonou in exchange for yearly payment

Second Franco-Dahomean War(1892–1894)

• Battle of Abomey

France

Dahomey

French victory

• Dahomey conquered and incorporated as a French protectorate

Franco-Siamese conflict(1893)

Location: French Indochina, Siam

French Republic

• French Indochina

Siam

French victory

• Entente Cordiale

• Laos ceded to French Indochina

First Italo-Ethiopian War(1894–1896)

Location: Eritrea and Ethiopia

:Eritrean rebels

• Italian Eritrea

Ethiopian victory

• Treaty of Addis Ababa

Second Madagascar expedition(1894–1895)

Location: Madagascar

France

Merina Kingdom

French victory

French intrusion into Amapá(1895)

Location: Amapá, Brazil

France

Brazil

French defeat

• French invasion repelled

Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)

Location: Crete

Cretan revolutionaries Kingdom of Greece Italy (until April 12, 1898) (until March 16, 1898)

French victory

• Establishment of the Cretan State.

• Withdraw of Ottoman forces from Crete.

Boxer Rebellion(1899-1901)

Location: North China, Yellow Sea

Mutual Defence Pact of Southeast China

Eight-Nation Alliance victory

• Boxer Protocol

Rabih War(1899–1901)

• Battle of Togbao

• Battle of Kousséri

France

Kanem–Bornu Empire

French victory

1904–1905 uprising in Madagascar(1904–1905)

Location: Madagascar

France

Rebels

French victory

• Rebellion suppressed

Ouaddai War(1909–1911)

Location: Ouaddai Empire

France

Ouaddai Empire

French victory

• Annexation of Ouaddai Empire

French conquest of Morocco(1911–1934)

Location: North Africa

France

• Morocco

Zaian ConfederationVarying other Berber tribes

French victory

Zaian War(1914–1921)

• Battle of El Herri

France

• Morocco

Zaian ConfederationVarying other Berber tribesSupported during the First World War by the Central Powers

French victory

First World War(1914–1918)

Location: Europe, Africa, Asia, Middle East, the Pacific Islands, and coast of North and South America

Allied Powers

Central Powers

Allied victory

• End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires

• Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East

• Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers

• Establishment of the League of Nations

Volta-Bani War(1915–1917)

Location: Burkino Faso, Mali

France

• French West Africa

Marka, Bwa, Lela, Nuni, and Bobo people

French victory

Kaocen revolt(1916–1917)

Location: Northern Niger

France

• French West Africa

Tuareg guerrillas

French victory

Thái Nguyên uprising(1917–1918)

Location: Northern Vietnam

France

Vietnamese rebels

French victory

• Uprising suppressed.

Occupation of Constantinople(1918–1923)

Location: Istanbul

Temporary occupation

November 1918 insurgency in Alsace-Lorraine

Location: Alsace-Lorraine

Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic

Third Republic victory

• Alsace-Lorraine annexed by France

Hungarian-Romanian War(1918–1919)

Location: Hungary, and Transylvania

Supported by:

Supported by:

Romanian victory

Franco-Turkish War(1918–1921)

• Battle of Marash

• Battle of Urfa

• Siege of Aintab

• Karboğazı ambush

• Kaç Kaç incident

• Battle of Kovanbaşı

• Battle of Kanlı Geçit

• Battle of Fadıl

France

• French Armenian Legion

Grand National Assembly

• Kuva-yi Milliye

French loss

• French influence in Anatolia is repelled

• Southern Anatolia ceded to Turkey

• Cilicia Peace Treaty

• Treaty of Ankara

• Treaty of Lausanne

Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War(1918–1920)

Location: Russia, Mongolia, and Iran

Latvian SSR Commune of Estonia Mongolian Communists

Allied withdrawal

• Allied withdrawal from Russia

• Bolshevik victory over White Army

German Revolution of 1918–1919(1918–1919)

Location: German Empire

1918–1919:

• Social Democratic Party of Germany

FSR GermanySupported by:

Weimar victory

Hungarian–Czechoslovak War(1918–1919)

Location: Slovakia, Carpathian Ruthenia, Hungary

Supported by:

Supported by:

Czechoslovak victory

• Hungarian retreat after diplomatic negotiations with the Entente

• Formation and then dissolution of the Slovak Soviet Republic

1919 Luxembourgish rebellion(January 1919)

Location: Luxembourg

Republic of Luxembourg

French and Luxembourgish monarchist victory

• Luxembourgish republican and pro-Belgian rebellion suppressed (10 January 1919)

Polish-Soviet War(1919–1921)

Location: Central and Eastern Europe

Belarusian PR Ukrainian People's RepublicSupported by: Russian Whites

Polrewkom

Polish victory

Bender Uprising(1919)

Location: Tighina, Kingdom of Romania (present day Bender, Moldova)

France Romania

Red Guards

Franco-Romanian victory

Franco-Syrian War(1920)

• Alawite Revolt of 1919

• Hananu Revolt

• Battle of Maysalun

• Capture of Damascus (1920)

France

• French West Africa

Arab Kingdom of Syria

• Arab militias

French victory

• Establishment of French Mandate of SyriaKing Faisal expelled to Mandatory Iraq

Rif War(1920–1927)

Location: Morocco

Spain (1925–1926)Jebala tribes

Republic of the RifJebala tribes

Franco-Spanish victory

• Dissolution of the Republic of the Rif

Great Syrian Revolt(1925–1927)

• Capture of Salkhad

• Battle of al-Kafr

• Battle of al-Mazraa

• Battle of al-Musayfirah

• 1925 Hama uprising

• Battle of Rashaya

• Battle of al-Mazraa

France

• Syria

Syrian rebels

French victory

Kongo-Wara rebellion(1928–1931)

Location: French Equatorial Africa, French Cameroon

France

• French Equatorial Africa

• French Cameroon

Gbaya people and clans

Co-belligerents:Mbum peopleMbai peoplePana peopleYangere peopleMbimou peopleGoundi people

French victory

Yên Bái mutiny(1930)

Location: Vietnam

France

• French Indochina

Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng

French victory

• Uprising crushedVNQDĐ severely damaged by deaths and arrests, jailings and executions by French authorities

Second World War(1939–1945)

Location: Europe, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Middle East, Mediterranean, North Africa, Oceania, North and South America

Allied Powers

Free France Poland

Axis Powers

Allied victory

• Collapse of the Third Reich

• Fall of Japanese and Italian Empires

• Creation of the United Nations

• Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers

• Beginning of the Cold War

Conflict

France & allies

France's opposition

Outcome

Franco-Thai War(1940–1941)

• Battle of Ko Chang

French Indochina

Thailand

Inconclusive

• Japanese-mediated ceasefire

• On Japanese decision, disputed territories in French Indochina ceded by France to Thailand

Conflict

France & allies

France's opposition

Outcome

War in Vietnam(1945–1946)

Location: Vietnam

France Japan Allied captured soldiers.

Việt Minh

Operational success

• Restoration of French rule in Indochina

• First Indochina War begins

First Indochina War(1946–1954)

• Battle of Hanoi

• Battle of Cao Bằng

• Operation Papillon

• Operation Léa

• Operation Ceinture

• Battle of Đông Khê

• Battle of Route Coloniale 4

• Battle of Vĩnh Yên

• Battle of Mạo Khê

• Battle of the Day River

• Battle of Hòa Bình

• Operation Lorraine

• Battle of Nà Sản

• Operation Bretagne

• Operation Adolphe

• Battle of Muong Khoua

• Operation Camargue

• Operation Hirondelle

• Operation Brochet

• Operation Mouette

• Operation Castor

• Battle of Dien Bien Phu

• Operation Condor

• Battle of Mang Yang Pass

French Union

• France

• State of Vietnam

• Kingdom of Cambodia

• Việt Minh

DR Vietnamese victory

• Division of Vietnam between North Vietnam and South Vietnam in 1954

• Independence of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia

Malagasy Uprising(1947–1948)

Location: Madagascar

MDRM

French victory

• Uprising Crushed by French, various participants tried and executed

• Scars on Malagasy society

Korean War(1950–1953)

Location: Korea

France

UN Victory

• Ceasefire armistice

• North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled

• UN invasion of North Korea repelled

• Chinese invasion of South Korea repelled

• Korean Demilitarized Zone established

• Little territorial change at the 38th parallel border

Algerian War(1954–1962)

• Toussaint Rouge

• Battle of Philippeville

• Battle of Algiers

• Battle of Agounennda

• Operation Jumelles

• Algiers putsch of 1961

• Battle of Bab El Oued

Algerian victory

• Independence of Algeria from France

• End of the French colonial empire

• Collapse of the Fourth French Republic and establishment of the Fifth French Republic

Bamileke War(1955–1964)

Location: French Cameroon

Before 1960 France

• French Equatorial Africa

UPC

French-Cameroonian victory

Suez Crisis(1956)

Location: Egypt (from the Gaza Strip to the Suez Canal)

France

Egypt

Coalition military victoryEgyptian political victory

• Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip until March 1957

Ifni War(1957–1958)

Location: Spanish Sahara, Ifni, Morocco

France

Moroccan Army of Liberation

Franco-Spanish victory

Conflict

France & allies

France's opposition

Outcome

Basque conflict(1959–2011)

Location: Greater Basque Country (Spain, France)

• Ertzaintza

• Spanish Army

• Civil Guard

• Armed Police Corps

• Anti-Terrorist Liberation Groups (GAL) (1983–1987)

• Spanish Basque Battalion (1975–1981)

• Anti-Communist Apostolic Alliance (1976–1983)

• Spanish Armed Groups (1979–1980)

• Warriors of Christ the King (1968–1980)

• Spanish National Action (unknown)

• Anti-Marxist Commandos (unknown)

• Falange y Tradición (2009)

• 2011: ETA declares definitive cessation of its armed activity

• 2017: ETA fully disarms; 2018: group dissolves

• Spanish and French governments maintain territorial integrity

• Basque Autonomous Community regained broad self-government

• Majority of Basques support peaceful political autonomy, not armed struggle

Bizerte crisis(1961)

Location: Bizerte, Tunisia

Tunisia

French victory

Sand War(1963–1964)

Location: Around the oasis towns of Tindouf and Figuig

Support:

Support:

Military stalemate

• The closing of the border south of Figuig, Morocco/Béni Ounif, Algeria.

• Morocco abandoned its intentions to control Béchar and Tindouf after OAU mediation.

• No territorial changes were made.

• Demilitarized zone established

Dirty War(1974–1983)

Location: Argentina

Argentina

• Argentine Army

• Argentine Navy

• Argentine Air Force

• Argentine Federal Police

• Argentine National Gendarmerie

• Argentine Anticommunist Alliance

• Justicialist Party

ERP

Montoneros FAP Supported by:

Argentine government victory

• Operativo Independencia

• 1976 Argentine coup d'état

• National Reorganization Process

• Operation was concluded after the Falklands War

Western Sahara War(1975–1991)

Location: Western Sahara

(1975–1979) (1977–78) Operation Lamantin, aid from 1978)Supported by: Saudi Arabia United States

Western Sahara

• Polisario Front

Inconclusive

• Spanish withdrawal under the Madrid Accords (1976)

• Mauritanian retreat and withdrawal of territorial claims

Angolan Civil War(1975–2002)

Location: Angola

UNITA FNLA (1975–1978) (1975–1991) (1975)Supported By (1975–1991) (1970s) (1975) FLECMaterial support:

MPLA (1975–1991) SWAPO (1975–1991) ANC (1975–1991)Executive Outcomes (1993–1995) FLNC (1975–2001) (2001–2002)Material support: (1975–1991) (1975–1991) (1980s)

MPLA Victory

Corsican conflict(1976–present)

Location: CorsicaViolence occasionally spread to mainland France and Italy

• National Gendarmerie

• National Police

• Municipal Police

Corsican Separatist Paramilitaries National Liberation Front of Corsica (FLNC)FLNC-Canal Historique (FLNC-CS) (1988-1998)FLNC-Canal Habituel (FLNC-CA) (1988-1997)Resistenza (1989-2003)Fronte Ribellu (1996-1999)FLNC-5 Maghju (FLNC-5M) (1996-1999)Armata Corsa (AC) (1999-2001)FLNC-Unione di i Cumbattenti (FLNC-UC) (1999-present)FLNC-22 Uttrovi (FLNC-22U) (2002-present)Armata di U Populu Corsu (APC) (2004-2006)FLNC-5 Maghju 1976 (FLNC-1976) (2007-present)FLNC-21 Maghju (FLNC-21M) (2021-present)Other small groups

Ongoing

Shaba I(1977)

Location: Shaba Province, Zaire

EgyptSupported by: Sudan

Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)Supported by: Angola

Zairian victory

Chadian–Libyan Conflict(1978–1987)

Location: Chad

Anti-Libyan Chadian factions

• FAT (1978–79)

• FAN (1978–83)

• FANT (1983–87)

• GUNT (1986–87)

Libya

• Islamic Legion

Chadian-French victory

• Chad gains control of the Aouzou Strip

Shaba II(1978)

Location: Shaba, Zaire

Supported by

Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)Supported by Angola (alleged) (alleged)

Zairian victory

Multinational Force in Lebanon(1982–1984)

Location: Lebanon

Islamic Jihad Organization Iran Progressive Socialist Party Amal Movement

Syrian Allied victory

• Multinational forces fail to prevent collapse of Lebanese Army into Syrian- or Israeli- supported militias

• Multinational forces evacuated after the US embassy and US Marine barracks are bombed by the Islamic Jihad Organization

• Multinational forces oversee withdrawal of Palestine Liberation Organization

• Humanitarian crisis in Southern Lebanon

• Civil war continues until 1990

• President Hafez al-Assad continues his occupation of Lebanon until his son and later president Bashar al-Assad orders a withdrawal from the country

Rwandan Civil War(1990−1994)

Location: Rwanda

Rwanda (1990) France

Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)

Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) victory

Gulf War(1990–1991)

Location: Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia andthe Persian Gulf

other allies

Iraq

Coalition victory

• Iraqi forces expelled from Kuwait

• Kuwaiti independence restored

• Destruction of Iraqi and Kuwaiti infrastructure

Djiboutian Civil War(1991–1994)

Location: Northern Djibouti

Supported by :

FRUD

Franco-Djiboutian victory

• FRUD peace accord

Bosnian War(1992–1995)

Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina

Support:

Western Bosnia (from 1993)Support:

Croatian and Bosnian victory

Kosovo War(1998–1999)

Location: Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (then part of Serbia)

KLA

NATO Victory

• Kumanovo Treaty

War in Afghanistan(2001–2014)

• Mission Héraclès

• Operation Anaconda

• Operation Mountain Viper

• Operation Eagle's Summit

• Uzbin Valley ambush

• Battle of Alasay

• Operation Septentrion

• Operation Moshtarak

ISAF

Taliban al-Qaeda

Taliban victory

• Invasion and occupation of Afghanistan

• Destruction of al-Qaeda and Taliban militant training camps

• Fall of the Taliban government

• Establishment of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan under the Karzai administration

• Start of Taliban insurgency

• Drone Strikes in the tribal areas of Afghanistan and Pakistan

• Death of Osama bin Laden

• Death of Mohammed Omar in July 2013

• Over two-thirds of al-Qaeda's operatives killed or captured

• International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) disbanded in December 2014

• Commencement of Resolute Support Mission in December 2014

• United States led withdrawal in August 2021

• Return of Taliban régime in 2021

Insurgency in the Maghreb(2002–present)

• Operation Barkhane

al-Qaeda

Ongoing

First Ivorian Civil War(2002–2007)

Location: Ivory Coast

Young Patriots of Abidjan militia Liberian mercenaries Supported by:

UNOIC

Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire

Victory

Haitian coup d'état(2004)

Location: Haiti

National Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Haiti

MINUSTAH

Victory

Chadian Civil War(2005–2010)

Location: Chad

NMRD JEM

Rebels JanjaweedAlleged support:

Victory

Somali Civil War(2009–present)

• Operation Atalanta

• Operation Linda Nchi

• Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt

Al-Qaeda

Ongoing

Boko Haram insurgency(2009–present)

Location: Northeast Nigeria

Supported by:

Boko Haram

Ongoing

Second Ivorian Civil War(2010–2011)

Location: Ivory Coast

New Forces Liberian mercenaries RDR UNOCI

Military of Ivory Coast Liberian mercenaries Young Patriots of Abidjan Ivorian Popular Front

Victory

First Libyan Civil War(2011)

• Opération Harmattan

• Operation Unified Protector

:

• Armed Forces

• Pro-Gaddafi militia

• Foreign mercenaries

Victory

• Overthrow of the Gaddafi regime

• Continuation of Libyan Crisis

• Escalation of interfactional violence

• Which led to beginning of Second Libyan Civil War

• Rise of ISIL in Libya

Northern Mali Conflict(2012–2022)

• Opération Serval

Government of Mali

• Military of Mali

National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad(MNLA)

• Islamic Movement of Azawad

Mixed Results

• Operation Serval Success

• France withdrew from Mali in 2022

Central African Republic Civil War(2012–2021)

• Opération Sangaris

MINUSCA (since 2014) MISCA (2013–2014)MICOPAX (2013)

(2013–16) (2012–13) EUFOR RCA (2014–15)

FPRC UPC MPC

France ended support for Central African Republic in 2021.

Iraqi Civil War(2014–2017)

• Siege of Amirli

• Battle of Zumar

• Battle of Suq al Ghazi

• Battle of Ramadi (2014–15)

• Battle of Baiji (2014–15)

• Second Battle of Tikrit (March–April 2015)

• Al-Karmah offensive (2015)

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Victory

Opération Chammal(2014–present)

Location: Iraq, Syria, Libya

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Syria

Ongoing

• French airstrikes on ISIL in Iraq and Syria

• ISIL ground attacks on French special forces repelled

Operation Aspides(19 February 2024 – present)

Location: Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Yemen

• Belgium

• Estonia

• Finland

• France

• Germany

• Greece

• Italy

• Latvia

• Netherlands

• Sweden

• (SPC faction)

Ongoing