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Wikipedia / Landstraße

Landstraße (; ; literally "country road") is the 3rd municipal district of Vienna, Austria. It lies immediately south-east of the Innere Stadt, the historic centre, and forms part of Vienna's inner districts. The modern district was created in 1850 from the former suburbs of Landstraße, Weißgerber and Erdberg.

Landstraße covers and had 99,954 inhabitants on 1 January 2026. Among its best-known landmarks are the Belvedere, the Hundertwasserhaus, part of the Stadtpark and the Museum of Military History in the Arsenal. Wien Mitte/Landstraße is one of the district's principal public-transport hubs.

Geography

Landstraße is situated south-east of central Vienna. It covers and is the only one of Vienna's inner districts whose territory extends beyond the Gürtel.

The district rises away from the Danube Canal across several of Vienna's Pleistocene Danube terraces. Parts of the district lie on the Stadtterrasse, while the higher Arsenalterrasse underlies the Arsenal and adjoining areas.

A distinctive part of eastern Erdberg is the Erdberger Mais, formed from a large former meander of the Danube Canal that was cut off in 1726. The reclaimed land was opened to Erdberg's vegetable growers in the 1740s and became an important area of market gardening; in 1820 it accounted for about 20 per cent of the acreage devoted to vegetable production in Vienna and its immediate surroundings. Later urbanisation largely erased the former river bend from the street pattern, although a surviving bank escarpment at Baumgasse and Maiselgasse, the Donauprallhang, is protected as a natural monument.

Land use

According to municipal statistics for 2025, the district covers 740.3 hectares. Transport areas account for 298.7 hectares, built-up land for 279.6 hectares, and green areas and bodies of water for 162 hectares. No agricultural land is recorded in the district.

District parts

The district is historically composed of the three former suburbs of Landstraße, Weißgerber and Erdberg, which were incorporated into Vienna together in 1850. Other commonly used neighbourhood names, or Grätzl, include the Fasanviertel and Sankt Marx.

The Fasanviertel takes its name from the former Zum Fasanl beer house at the corner of Rennweg and Fasangasse. The area remained largely undeveloped until the late 18th century and underwent substantial building during the second half of the 19th century.

Weißgerber occupies the northern part of the district between the Danube Canal, the Wien River and Marxergasse. It is predominantly residential and includes the Hundertwasserhaus, KunstHausWien and a number of administrative institutions.

Landstraße in the narrower sense forms the central and western part of the district. It is characterised by palaces, embassies, parks and cultural institutions, including the Upper and Lower Belvedere, the Schwarzenberg Palace, the Vienna Konzerthaus and the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna.

Erdberg lies to the south and east. Alongside residential areas it includes substantial commercial, transport and former industrial zones; the headquarters of Wiener Linien and the Austrian State Archives are located there.

History

Early history

Archaeological discoveries attest to early settlement in the area of the present district. Finds from the area east of the Wien River and south of the Danube include traces of Neolithic settlement, Bronze Age burials and some Hallstatt-period material. More numerous finds from the late La Tène period indicate several small settlements before the Roman conquest.

From the late 1st century AD, a civilian settlement associated with Vindobona developed on both sides of the present-day Rennweg along the Roman limes road. Distinct from the legionary camp in the area of today's Innere Stadt, it reached its greatest extent between the middle of the 2nd century and the first third of the 3rd century before contracting during the 3rd century.

During the Middle Ages the nuclei of the later suburbs developed. Erdberg is recorded in 1192 as Ertpurch. A settlement around the monastery of St Nicholas was known around 1200 as Niklasvorstadt, while the form Landstrazz is documented in 1302. The name Weißgerber refers to the white tanners who worked downstream from the city, where water was readily available and the noxious aspects of the trade caused less disturbance.

Shortly before Christmas 1192, Richard the Lionheart was captured at Erdberg while returning from the Third Crusade. The precise circumstances of his discovery are uncertain; one tradition holds that unusual Byzantine coins used by his attendants in Vienna helped to reveal his presence.

The Sisters of St Elizabeth established a convent on Landstraßer Hauptstraße in 1709. The church and convent were completed in 1711, and the hospital opened in 1715.

Creation of the district and urban growth

In 1850 the former suburbs of Landstraße, Weißgerber and Erdberg were united to form Vienna's 3rd district.

Rennweg and Ungargasse formed part of Vienna's historic eastern approaches. Ungargasse is recorded as Hungargasse in 1444, reflecting the road and commercial traffic towards Hungary. The familiar Viennese saying "Der Balkan beginnt am Rennweg" ("The Balkans begin at Rennweg") is traditionally attributed to Klemens von Metternich, but the formulation is apocryphal. Older versions instead have "Asia" or the "Orient" beginning on Landstraße or beyond Metternich's villa on Rennweg, and modern scholarship notes that it is not known whether Metternich actually made the remark.

Urbanisation and infrastructure development transformed the district during the second half of the 19th century. At Sankt Marx, where Vienna's cattle market had been transferred in 1797, construction of a modern central market began in 1879 and most of the complex was completed by 1884. Several elements of the former market and slaughterhouse survive as protected monuments, including the entrance ensemble with its stone bulls, created by sculptor Anton Schmidgruber in 1883, and the former cattle hall, now the Marx Halle. At the end of the century the Linienwall, a former defensive barrier that had become a customs boundary, was demolished amid the urban transformations associated with the Gürtel and the Stadtbahn.

The subdivision of former aristocratic gardens also reshaped the district's residential fabric. After 1900, areas around Dannebergplatz and Esteplatz and along the Weißgerberlände developed into ensembles of upper-middle-class apartment buildings in late Historicist styles increasingly influenced by the Vienna Secession. At the same time, industrialisation and the growth of a working-class population strengthened organised labour in Landstraße; workers' educational and Social Democratic associations had become established in the district by the late 19th century.

During Red Vienna, several large municipal housing complexes were built in the district, including the Hanuschhof in 1923–1925, the Rabenhof in 1925–1928 and the Wildganshof in 1931–1932.

National Socialism and the post-war period

Following the Anschluss in 1938, the former Aspang railway station became one of the principal departure points for the deportation of Vienna's Jewish population. In total, 47,035 people were deported from the station in 47 transports; 1,073 survived.

Two large Flak towers were built in Arenbergpark in 1942 and 1943 using forced labour. They served for anti-aircraft defence, as air-raid shelters and for war-related activities. Both towers survive and are protected monuments. Since 1995 the combat tower has served as the MAK Tower, a branch and contemporary-art depot of the Museum of Applied Arts (MAK); it is currently closed to the public because the necessary official approvals are lacking.

The Soviet War Memorial at the southern end of Schwarzenbergplatz was erected by the Red Army in 1945 in commemoration of the liberation of Vienna and unveiled on 19 August that year. It is also commonly known as the Befreiungsdenkmal ("Liberation Monument") or Russendenkmal ("Russian Monument").

In 1938 the Arsenal area was incorporated into Landstraße, establishing the broad outline of the modern district. In 1991 the first section of the U3, between Erdberg and Volkstheater, opened and linked the district directly to Vienna's underground network.

Contemporary urban development

The redevelopment of the area above Wien Mitte railway station became one of Vienna's most prominent urban-planning controversies after the historic centre was inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2001. In 2002 the UNESCO World Heritage Committee expressed "serious concern" about an earlier Wien Mitte scheme, particularly the architecture and height of its proposed towers. The city subsequently revised the project and held a new urban-design competition, reducing the height and volume of the proposed development. The resulting mixed-use complex above the station, containing offices, shops, restaurants and leisure facilities, opened in stages in 2012–2013.

The former railway lands of the Aspanggründe in the southern part of the district have become one of Landstraße's principal development areas. The first phase, known as Eurogate, comprised 1,220 homes and was completed in 2014.

The second phase, Village im Dritten, covers about 11 hectares and includes around 2,000 homes as well as offices, shops, schools and childcare facilities. The development entered its final construction phase in 2025–2026 and is already partly completed and occupied; overall completion is planned for 2027.

The Bert-Brecht-Park, the principal green space of the new quarter, is planned to cover about two hectares. A first section opened in July 2026, with the second section scheduled for completion by the end of 2027.

The Arsenal is another major redevelopment area. On 18 December 2025 the Vienna City Council approved a new zoning and building plan for the site. The largely protected historic complex is to be preserved while being supplemented by research, university, cultural and residential uses.

Landstraßer Hauptstraße, the district's principal shopping and traffic axis, is also undergoing a staged redesign. Work on the first section, between Juchgasse and Schlachthausgasse, began in March 2026 following a public-participation process. The approximately 700-metre section is being rebuilt with physically separated one-way cycle tracks on both sides of the street, while about 5,700 square metres of paved surface are to be removed and 1,200 square metres of new green space created. Completion of this first section is planned for 2027.

Population

Population development

Landstraße's population rose rapidly during the second half of the 19th century, from 88,678 inhabitants in 1869 to 166,981 in 1910. It declined through much of the 20th century and stood at 81,281 at the 2001 census. Since the beginning of the 21st century the population has grown again, reaching 99,954 on 1 January 2026.

Population structure

On 1 January 2024, the average age of residents was 41. The district had 12,127 residents under the age of 15, 70,407 aged 15 to 64 and 15,864 aged 65 or over.

Citizenship

On 1 January 2025, 60,954 residents of Landstraße were Austrian citizens and 37,927 held foreign citizenship. The largest foreign citizenship groups included Germans (4,927), Ukrainians (3,213), Serbians (2,755) and Syrians (2,128).

Politics

The growth of organised labour gave the Social Democrats a strong local base before the First World War. In June 1919 the carpenter Adolf Lahner became Landstraße's first Social Democratic district head and remained in office until 1934. During the February 1934 conflict, parts of the district saw fierce fighting in which several people were killed; after the suppression of the Social Democratic movement, local activists continued to organise illegally until the Anschluss.

With the exception of April 1945 to April 1946, when the office was held by Ludwig Fischer of the ÖVP, every district head (Bezirksvorsteher) of Landstraße since 1946 has belonged to the SPÖ. Erich Hohenberger has held the office since 14 December 1989.

In the district council election of 27 April 2025, the SPÖ won 35.66 per cent of the vote, followed by the Greens with 24.05 per cent, the FPÖ with 12.13 per cent, NEOS with 11.43 per cent, the ÖVP with 9.66 per cent, and the joint KPÖ–LINKS list with 5.38 per cent.

In June 2020, Landstraße became one of the first Viennese districts to declare itself a Menschenrechtsbezirk ("human-rights district"). The district's programme promotes human-rights principles and civic participation, with particular emphasis on children's rights.

Coat of arms

The district coat of arms combines the emblems of the three former suburbs of Landstraße, Erdberg and Weißgerber.

The Landstraße field shows Saint Nicholas, dressed in episcopal vestments and holding a crozier and three golden balls on a book. Nicholas was patron of the monastery of St Nicholas, around which the medieval Niklasvorstadt developed. The Erdberg field shows two strawberry flowers and a strawberry, a set of canting arms based on the resemblance between Erdberg and German Erdbeere ("strawberry"); the place-name actually derives from Ertpurch, recorded in 1192 and referring to an earthen fortification. The Weißgerber field bears two facing silver rams, a motif associated with tanners and a reference to the white-tanning trade.

Culture and landmarks

The western part of Landstraße forms part of the UNESCO Historic Centre of Vienna World Heritage Site. The protected core includes the Baroque axis around the Belvedere and Schwarzenberg Palace as well as cultural landmarks near the boundary with the Innere Stadt; the buffer zone extends farther into the district.

Historic architecture and monuments

The Belvedere, comprising the Upper and Lower Belvedere and their gardens, is the district's best-known Baroque complex. On 15 May 1955 the Austrian State Treaty was signed in the Marble Hall of the Upper Belvedere. After the signing, Foreign Minister Leopold Figl declared "Österreich ist frei!" ("Austria is free!"); the treaty was then displayed to the crowd from the palace balcony.

The Palais Razumovsky was built in the early 19th century to designs by Louis Montoyer for the Russian diplomat Andrey Razumovsky. Conceived as a representative palace surrounded by an English landscape garden, it is one of Landstraße's principal Neoclassical buildings.

The Sofiensäle in Marxergasse became an important Viennese entertainment and performance venue in the 19th century. Severely damaged by fire in August 2001, the complex was later restored and redeveloped; its historic main hall was restored and the complex reopened in 2013.

Churches

The Rochus Church, dedicated to Saints Roch and Sebastian, originated as a 17th-century convent church of the Discalced Augustinians. It was badly damaged during the Ottoman siege of 1683 and rebuilt from the late 1680s; much of its present Baroque appearance dates from that rebuilding and the early 18th century.

The church of Maria Geburt on Rennweg, commonly called the Waisenhauskirche ("orphanage church"), was built and consecrated in 1768. At its consecration on 7 December, the twelve-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart directed the Mass he had composed for the occasion, later known as the Waisenhausmesse.

The convent of the Salesian Sisters on Rennweg was founded in 1717 by the dowager empress Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg as both her widow's residence and an educational institution for girls. The sisters occupied the new convent in 1719 and the church was completed in 1728.

The neo-Gothic was built from 1866 to designs by Friedrich von Schmidt and consecrated in 1873. The Sacred Heart Church (Herz-Jesu-Kirche) on Landstraßer Hauptstraße was built in 1904–1906 to plans by Gustav von Neumann for the Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.

The Gardekirche on Rennweg, opposite the Lower Belvedere, now serves Vienna's Polish Catholic community. The Russian Orthodox Cathedral of St Nicholas, consecrated in 1899 on the grounds of the Russian embassy, has been the episcopal seat of the Russian Orthodox Church in Vienna and Austria since 1946. The Pauluskirche at Sebastianplatz is the church of the Evangelical Augsburg Confession congregation of Vienna-Landstraße; the present building was constructed between 1962 and 1970.

Other Orthodox communities also have long-established churches in the district. The Serbian Orthodox Church of St Sava in Veithgasse was built from 1890 to 1893 and consecrated in the presence of Emperor Franz Joseph I. The Armenian Apostolic Church of St Hripsime in Kolonitzgasse was consecrated in 1968 after Vienna's Armenian community acquired the site in 1964.

Parks and cemeteries

The gardens of the Belvedere were laid out for Prince Eugene of Savoy to designs by the French landscape architect Dominique Girard and were largely complete by 1718. Nearby, the Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna was founded in 1754 by Maria Theresa on the suggestion of her physician Gerard van Swieten. Originally a medicinal teaching garden, it now covers about eight hectares.

Behind Palais Schwarzenberg lies the privately owned Schwarzenberg garden. A section of the historic garden has hosted the open-air Theater im Park since 2020; the event entered its seventh season in 2026.

The Stadtpark, which straddles the boundary between the Innere Stadt and Landstraße, opened on 21 August 1862. It was Vienna's first municipal public park and today covers about . Arenbergpark, laid out in 1785 for Prince Nikolaus I Joseph Esterházy as an English landscape garden, has been open to the public since 1900.

The Schweizergarten, covering about , was laid out in 1904 as the Maria-Josefa-Park on former land between the Southern Railway station and the Arsenal. It received its present name in 1919 in memory of Swiss relief assistance to Austria after the First World War.

St. Marx Cemetery was one of five communal cemeteries established in 1784 following the burial reforms of Emperor Joseph II. Used for burials until 1874, it is now a protected historic park. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was buried there in 1791; a monument marks the site traditionally associated with his grave.

Modern architecture

The Haus Portois & Fix at Ungargasse 59–61 was built in 1898–1900 by the Slovenian architect Max Fabiani, an associate of Otto Wagner, as the business and exhibition building of the furniture and interior-design firm Portois & Fix; the factory buildings stood behind it. Its geometric tiled upper façade, conceived in dialogue with Otto Wagner's use of ceramic cladding, makes the building an important early work of Viennese modern architecture.

The House of Wittgenstein in Kundmanngasse was built between 1926 and 1928 for Margarethe Stonborough-Wittgenstein. The original project was developed by architect Paul Engelmann and then extensively refined in its proportions and details by her brother, the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.

The Hundertwasserhaus, a municipal housing complex built between 1983 and 1985, was designed by Friedensreich Hundertwasser with architect Josef Krawina, co-author of the project, and architect Peter Pelikan, who oversaw its implementation.

The T-Center at Sankt Marx was built in 2002–2004 by Architektur Consult with Günther Domenig, Hermann Eisenköck and Herfried Peyker; the Architekturzentrum Wien describes it as a sculptural office complex intended as an anchor in Vienna's skyline. The TrIIIple development at Schnirchgasse, opened in 2021, consists of three approximately 100-metre residential towers and a lower office tower beside the Danube Canal.

Museums and cultural institutions

The Belvedere holds a major collection of Austrian art from the Middle Ages to the present and the world's largest collection of paintings by Gustav Klimt, including The Kiss.

KunstHausWien, which opened on 9 April 1991 in a converted industrial building, houses the Museum Hundertwasser and presents temporary exhibitions concerned particularly with contemporary art and ecological themes. The nearby Hundertwasserhaus is a residential building and cannot be visited internally. Opposite it, the private Museum of Art Fakes in Löwengasse presents forged works and the history of art forgery.

The Museum of Military History in the Arsenal covers Austrian military history; a new permanent presentation devoted to Austria from 1918 to 1955 opened in June 2026. The Remise Transport Museum of Wiener Linien, housed in a former tram depot in Erdberg, traces the history of Vienna's public transport system; Wiener Linien describes its collection as the world's largest and most comprehensive devoted to the public transport of a single city.

The Landstraße District Museum presents local history. Since 1995 one room has been devoted to the persecution of the district's Jewish population under National Socialism; research for the exhibition documented names, addresses and fates of former Jewish residents, and the resulting database is now continued by the association Steine des Gedenkens.

The Arnold Schönberg Center at Schwarzenbergplatz 6 was established in Vienna to preserve and make accessible Arnold Schoenberg's artistic estate. The centre opened in 1998 and combines an archive with exhibitions, research and public events.

Performance venues

The Vienna Konzerthaus opened on 19 October 1913. It was built in 1911–1913 by Ferdinand Fellner and Hermann Helmer in collaboration with Ludwig Baumann and contains several concert halls. Nearby, the Akademietheater, built in the same period, has served as the second stage of the Burgtheater since 1922.

The Rabenhof Theater occupies a hall within the Rabenhof municipal housing complex. Originally a workers' assembly hall and later a cinema, it opened as a theatre in 1990. Its current programme includes contemporary theatre, satire, cabaret, literature and music.

At Sankt Marx, the Arena occupies buildings of the former slaughterhouse. The cultural venue developed from the 1976 occupation of the former Auslandsschlachthof by activists seeking to preserve the site and create space for alternative culture. The LILARUM puppet theatre, founded in 1980 and based in Göllnergasse, presents performances mainly for children.

Czech community

Czechs were among the communities that shaped Vienna during the 19th and early 20th centuries, and Landstraße, together with neighbouring Wieden, was one of their traditional areas of settlement. The City of Vienna notes that around the turn of the 20th century Czech cultural centres existed beyond the connecting railway in the Fasanviertel, while a Böhmisches Kasino ("Bohemian Casino") was located in Schützengasse.

The Komenský School Association was founded in Vienna in 1872 to provide Czech-language education. Its first Czech private school opened in 1883, and teaching began at Schützengasse 31 in Landstraße in 1910. A second school building was erected at Sebastianplatz 3 in 1934–1935. The Nazi authorities confiscated the association's property and closed its schools in 1942. After the Second World War teaching was concentrated mainly at Sebastianplatz; an upper secondary school was re-established in 2000 and returned to Schützengasse 31 in 2006.

The Church of the Most Holy Redeemer (Erlöserkirche) at Rennweg 63 is another long-standing centre of Czech community life. The Jednota svatého Metoděje (St Methodius Association) acquired the church in 1908 for Vienna's Czech Catholics, and Czech services continue to be held there. Several Czech and Czech–Slovak cultural and community organisations also remain based in Landstraße.

Economy and employment

Before industrialisation, the economy of the suburbs that later formed Landstraße was closely tied to agriculture, crafts and the provisioning of Vienna. Market gardening was especially important in Erdberg: after the former Danube meander of the Erdberger Mais was reclaimed in the 18th century, vegetable plots there became a significant source of food for the growing city. Weißgerber took its name from the white tanners who worked downstream from the city because their trade required water and produced strong smells.

The opening of the Wiener Neustadt Canal in 1803 encouraged industrial development in Landstraße, which became an early centre of Vienna's industrialisation. Printing, instrument manufacture and other manufacturing activities developed alongside older crafts. At Sankt Marx, Vienna's cattle market was transferred to the area in 1797; construction of a modern central market began in 1879 and most of its installations were completed by 1884.

In the 2021 workplace census, Landstraße contained 11,476 workplaces employing 128,086 people. The tertiary sector accounted for 94 per cent of employment in the district, compared with 6 per cent in the secondary sector.

Municipal commuter statistics underline Landstraße's role as a major employment destination: in 2021, 108,667 people commuted into the district for work, while 11,744 employed people both lived and worked there. Among people working in the district, about 21 per cent were employed in public administration, 18 per cent in finance, real estate and professional services, 11 per cent in healthcare and 9 per cent in information technology.

Sankt Marx is also home to the Vienna BioCenter, a life-sciences campus combining research institutes, education and biotechnology companies. The campus comprises 16 buildings on about 130,000 square metres and has more than 2,800 employees.

Transport

The district's principal public-transport hub is Wien Mitte/Landstraße, served by rail services, the Vienna S-Bahn, the Vienna U-Bahn and the City Airport Train. The U3 runs through five stations in the district: Landstraße, Rochusgasse, Kardinal-Nagl-Platz, Schlachthausgasse and Erdberg. Landstraße is also an interchange with the U4.

Under normal operation, the principal Vienna S-Bahn trunk route serves Wien Mitte, Rennweg and Quartier Belvedere in the western part of the district, while the S7 branches towards Vienna International Airport and serves St Marx/Vienna BioCenter. A major reconstruction of the S-Bahn trunk route is scheduled to close the section between Wien Hauptbahnhof and Praterstern from 7 September 2026 until the end of October 2027; the works include modernisation of Rennweg and Quartier Belvedere stations.

Tram route 18 serves Sankt Marx and Schlachthausgasse. A extension from Schlachthausgasse across the Prater to Stadion station, adding seven stops, is scheduled to open on 5 September 2026.

Healthcare

The district's principal public hospital is Klinik Landstraße, part of the Wiener Gesundheitsverbund. Its establishment was ordered by Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1858; it opened in 1865 and was long known as the Rudolfstiftung. The present hospital has more than 600 beds.

The Franziskus Spital also has a site on Landstraßer Hauptstraße. It was created in 2017 by the merger of the former St Elisabeth hospital in Landstraße with the Hartmannspital in Margareten; the Landstraße site includes internal medicine, acute geriatrics, remobilisation and palliative care.

The Herz-Jesu Krankenhaus in Baumgasse specialises in fields including orthopaedics, rheumatology, osteology and remobilisation. The Austrian Health Insurance Fund (ÖGK) operates the Gesundheitszentrum Landstraße in Strohgasse, providing specialist outpatient clinics and diagnostic services.

Notable people

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791), composer, moved to the suburb of Landstraße in April 1787.
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827), composer, lived at Ungargasse 5 in 1823–1824 and completed his Ninth Symphony there.
Friedrich Mohs (1773–1839), mineralogist, directed from 1835 the mineralogical collection of the Hofkammer für das Münz- und Bergwesen, housed in the new Mint building on the Landstraße glacis.
Adalbert Stifter (1805–1868), writer and painter, lived at several addresses in Beatrixgasse; two former residences are marked by memorial plaques.
Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906), physicist and philosopher of science, worked in the 1870s at the University of Vienna's Physics Institute, then located in Erdbergstraße.
Wilhelm Carl Gustav von Doderer (1854–1932), architect, engineer and entrepreneur, worked at Ungargasse 9.
Gustav Mahler (1860–1911), composer and conductor, lived at Auenbruggergasse 2 from 1898 to 1909.
Koloman Moser (1868–1918), painter, graphic artist and designer and a founder of the Vienna Secession and Wiener Werkstätte, lived at Landstraßer Hauptstraße 138.
Hugo von Hofmannsthal (1874–1929), writer, dramatist and librettist, was born at Salesianergasse 12 on 1 February 1874.
Ignaz Seipel (1876–1932), Roman Catholic priest and twice Chancellor of Austria, was superior of the Herz-Jesu congregation and lived at its Landstraße convent from 1920 until his death in 1932.
Rudolf von Eichthal (1877–1974), officer, writer and musician; a plaque at Landstraßer Hauptstraße 4 records that he lived in the building from 1919 until his death.
Robert Musil (1880–1942), writer, lived and worked at Rasumofskygasse 20 from 1921 to 1938.
Joseph Marx (1882–1964), composer, teacher and music critic, lived at Traungasse 6 from 1915 until his death; a memorial plaque was unveiled there in 1965.
Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961), physicist and 1933 Nobel laureate, was born in Erdberg on 12 August 1887.
Fred Zinnemann (1907–1997), Austrian-American film director, grew up in the 3rd district; a memorial plaque was placed at his former home at Weyrgasse 9 in 2009.
Maria Jacobi (1910–1976), Social Democratic politician and Vienna city councillor from 1945 to 1975, was closely associated with Landstraße, described as her Heimatbezirk (home district).
Teddy Kollek (1911–2007), Israeli politician and mayor of Jerusalem from 1965 to 1993, grew up in Vienna; his family moved to Landstraßer Hauptstraße 147 in 1918, and he left Vienna for Mandatory Palestine in 1934.
Ingeborg Bachmann (1926–1973), writer, lived in the district from 1946 to 1953, first at Beatrixgasse 26 and later at Gottfried-Keller-Gasse 13.
Joe Zawinul (1932–2007), jazz pianist, composer and keyboardist, was born and grew up in Erdberg. The Joe-Zawinul-Park near his former home in Weinlechnergasse was named for him in 2009.
Thomas Klestil (1932–2004), diplomat and President of Austria from 1992 to 2004, retained close ties to Erdberg, which he described as the place of his roots.
Alexander Van der Bellen (born 1944), economist, academic and politician and President of Austria since 2017, lives in his private residence in Landstraße.