Natanson is a surname. It may refer to:

• Isidor Natanson (1906–1964), Swiss-born Soviet mathematician

• Jacques Natanson (1901–1975), French playwright and screenwriter

• Jakub Natanson (1832-1884), Polish chemist and banker

• Mark Natanson (1850 [N.S. 1851]–1919), Russian-Jewish revolutionary

• Vladimir Natanson (1909–1993), Russian pianist, music educator, and musicologist

• Władysław Natanson (1864–1937), Polish physicist

See also

• Nathanson

• Natanzon