Tomášek (feminine Tomášková) is a common Czech surname, meaning "little Thomas". Notable people include:

• Bohumil Tomášek, Czech basketball player

• David Tomášek (born 1996), Czech professional ice hockey player

• František Tomášek (1899–1992), archbishop of Prague, cardinal

• Josef Tomášek (1904–1979), Czech water polo player

• Juraj Tomášek (born 1988), Slovak football midfielder

• Martin Tomášek, Czech ice hockey player

• Rudolf Tomášek (1937–2025), Czech pole vaulter

• Václav Tomášek (1774–1850), Czech composer

Notable people with the Germanized version of the surname Tomaschek include:

• Róbert Tomaschek (born 1972), Slovak footballer

• Rudolf Tomaschek (1895–1966), a German experimental physicist

• Wilhelm Tomaschek (1841–1901), a Czech-Austrian geographer and orientalist