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Wikipedia / Nonexplosive stop

In phonetics and phonology, nonexplosive stops are a broad conception of consonants that resemble (and may include) implosives but that do not necessarily involve implosion or negative oral air pressure. These stop consonants lack the pressure buildup and burst release of pulmonic plosives, and include implosives, glottalized and laryngealized stops, as well as 'certain varieties of "lenis" and labial–velar stops'. According to (quoting Ian Maddieson), such consonants occur in around 20% of the world's languages.

Ikwerre has two nonexplosive stops that acoustically resemble implosives, but lack the characteristic glottalic airstream mechanism and lowering of the larynx. They are transcribed as voiced and pre-glottalized , and written in the language's orthography as and , respectively. Thus, they correspond to labial–velars and in most other Igboid languages, and to implosives and in some varieties of Igbo; additionally, in some varieties of Ikwerre, they may still have labial–velar realizations. In Ikwerre, they pattern with sonorants as a natural class, both in the sense of being non-obstruent, and in the sense that they have allophonic realizations as nasal consonants when preceding nasal vowels. However, while they pattern with sonorants, they are featurally described as being both non-obstruent and non-sonorant, as they lack both air pressure buildup and sonority.

Murrinh-Patha has two series of stops described as "fortis" and "lenis"; the lenis series are non-explosive:

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