Bulgakov () is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Anatoly Bulgakov (footballer, born 1944), Russian football coach and former midfielder/striker

• Anatoly Bulgakov (footballer, born 1979), Russian football defender

• Anna Bulgakova (born 1988), Russian hammer thrower

• Alexander Bulgakov (1781–1863), Russian diplomat, senator, and postal administrator; son of Yakov

• Dmitry Bulgakov (born 1954), Russian economist and military leader

• Genrikh Bulgakov (1929–2010), Soviet fencer

• Konstantin Bulgakov (1782–1835), Russian diplomat, privy councillor, and postal administrator; son of Yakov

• Maya Bulgakova (1932–1994), Soviet and Russian actress

• Mikhail Bulgakov (1891–1940), Russian novelist and playwright, most notably of The Master and Margarita

• Macarius Bulgakov (1816–1882), bishop known as Metropolitan Macarius of Moscow and Kolomna

• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova, Russian professor of Physics and Chemistry.

• Nikolai Bulgakov (1960–2023), Russian professional football coach and a former player

• Sergei Bulgakov (1871–1944), Christian theologian, philosopher and economist

• Valentin Bulgakov (1886–1966), Russian memorialist and biographer of Leo Tolstoy

• Vladimir Bulgakov (born 1949), Russian military officer

• Yakov Bulgakov (1743–1809), Russian diplomat; father of Alexander and Konstantin

• Yuri Bulgakov, 16th-century Russian governor and diplomat

• Zoya Bulgakova (1914–2017), Russian Soviet stage actress

See also

• Gediminids, a dynasty including the Bulgakov family

• Bulgakovo, the name of several rural localities in Russia

• 3469 Bulgakov, an asteroid named after Mikhail Bulgakov