Megophrys is a genus of frogs in the family Megophryidae. They are endemic to Indonesia, where they are found on the islands of Java and Sumatra. They commonly have elongated upper "eyebrows" and are thus known as Indonesian horned toads. This group was thought to contain many more species and have a much wider distribution prior to recent taxonomic revisions.

Taxonomy

The following species are recognised in the genus Megophrys:

• Megophrys acehensis

• Megophrys lancip

• Megophrys montana

• Megophrys parallela

• Megophrys selatanensis

Megophrys formerly contained over a hundred species, but significant taxonomic revisions have led to the vast majority of these species being moved to other genera, such as Xenophrys, Boulenophrys, Atympanophrys and Pelobatrachus. However, there is a divide between studies over this, with most Indian-published studies preferring to classify all these taxa within Megophrys, while Chinese-published studies classify them in their own genera; the IUCN Red List follows the former, while Amphibian Species of the World and AmphibiaWeb follow the latter.

Endemic ranges

Many Megophrys species are endemic to highly restricted geographical areas.

Southern China

Anhui

• Megophrys huangshanensis: Huangshan mountains, Anhui

Guangdong

• Megophrys acuta: Heishiding, Fengkai County, Guangdong

• Megophrys obesa: Heishiding, Fengkai County, Guangdong

Jiangxi

• Megophrys cheni: Luoxiao Mountains

• Megophrys lini: Luoxiao Mountains

• Megophrys jinggangensis: Luoxiao Mountains

Hunan

• Megophrys sangzhiensis: Sangzhi County, Hunan

• Megophrys caudoprocta: Tianping Mountain, Sangzhi County, Hunan

• Megophrys tuberogranulatus: Tianzishan Nature Reserve, Sangzhi County, Hunan

• Megophrys mangshanensis: Yizhang County, Hunan

Chongqing

• Megophrys baolongensis: Baolong (抱龙镇), Wushan County, Chongqing

• Megophrys wushanensis: Wu Mountains, Chongqing

Yunnan

• Megophrys binchuanensis: NW Yunnan

• Megophrys daweimontis: Mount Dawei, Pingbian Miao Autonomous County, Yunnan

• Megophrys gigantica: Jingdong Yi Autonomous County and Yongde County, southwestern Yunnan

Sichuan

• Megophrys binlingensis: Binling, Hongya County, Sichuan

• Megophrys wawuensis: Mount Wawu, Hongya County, Sichuan

• Megophrys nankiangensis: northern Sichuan and southern Gansu

Guizhou

• Megophrys shuichengensis: Fenghuang Village, Shuicheng County, Guizhou

Tibet

• Megophrys medogensis: Mêdog County, Tibet

• Megophrys zhangi: Zhangmu, Nyalam County, Tibet

Northeast India

• Megophrys megacephala: East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya

• Megophrys oropedion: East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya

• Megophrys vegrandis: West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh

• Megophrys ancrae: Changlang District, Arunachal Pradesh

• Megophrys serchhipii: Serchhip, Mizoram

• Megophrys zunhebotoensis: Nguti (Sukhalu), Zunheboto District, Nagaland

Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia

• Megophrys auralensis: Phnom Aural, Kampong Speu Province

• Megophrys damrei: Dâmrei Mountains, Kampot Province

Vietnam

• Megophrys latidactyla: Pù Mát National Park, Vietnam

Thailand

• Megophrys lekaguli: Chanthaburi and Sa Kaeo Provinces, eastern Thailand

• Megophrys takensis: Tak Province, Thailand

Borneo

• Megophrys baluensis: Sabah

• Megophrys dringi: Mount Mulu, Sarawak

Sumatra

• Megophrys parallela: West Sumatra

Philippines

• Megophrys ligayae: Balabac and Palawan

• Megophrys stejnegeri: Mindanao

Indonesia

• Megophrys montana: Java

References

External links

• Sound recordings of