Esca can refer to:

• Eurovision Song Contest Asia, an annual international song competition

• Esca (fish anatomy) or illicium, a modified luminescent fin ray found in anglerfish and frogfish

• Esca (grape disease)

• the Ezka, a river in the Basque country known as "Esca" in Spanish

• ESCA or Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis, now known as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)