Wikipedia / Voiceless bilabial plosive
Wikipedia / Voiceless bilabial plosive
A voiceless bilabial plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in most spoken languages. It is familiar to English-speakers as the "p" sound in "spit". The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .
Features
Features of a voiceless bilabial plosive:
Occurrence
Research has shown that incidental learning positively impacts the acquisition of the /p/ sound for Arabic speakers and other EFL learners. This is particularly interesting given that the stop is missing from about 10% of languages that have a . (See voiced velar stop for another such gap.) This is an areal feature of the circum-Saharan zone (Africa north of the equator plus the Arabian Peninsula). It is not known how old this areal feature is, and whether it might be a recent phenomenon due to Arabic as a prestige language, or whether Arabic was itself affected by a more ancient areal pattern. It is found in other areas as well; for example, Fijian, Onge, and many Papuan languages have but no .
Nonetheless, the sound is very common cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain , and some distinguish more than one variety. Many Indo-Aryan languages, such as Hindustani, have a two-way contrast between the aspirated and the plain (also transcribed as in extensions to the IPA).
Examples
Language | Word | Meaning | Notes | ||
Аԥсны/Aṕsny | 'Abkhazia' | ||||
/ / paio | 'hat' | ||||
/pāpīš | 'beautiful girls' | ||||
//pōl | 'Paul' | Only used in loanwords, transcribed and pronounced as by many speakers. | |||
/Por Saʿīd | Used in loanwords or names, commonly substituted with . | ||||
/papik | 'grandpa' | Contrasts with aspirated form | |||
ܦܬܐ | 'face' | ||||
'to catch' | |||||
'road' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology | ||||
'head' | |||||
'fear' | |||||
путене/putene | 'quail' | ||||
'dog' | See Czech phonology | ||||
Standard | 'book' | Usually transcribed in IPA with or . It may be partially voiced in the intervocalic position. It contrasts with aspirated form, which is usually transcribed in IPA with or . See Danish phonology | |||
'duty' | See Dutch phonology | ||||
'pack' | |||||
'time' | |||||
'duck' | |||||
'grandpa' | |||||
'apple' | See French phonology | ||||
'magic' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nanchangnese phonology | ||||
'pile' | |||||
/ | 'leg' | ||||
/pag | 'foot' | ||||
/ ho² ba⁴ | 'river' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Meizhounese phonology | |||
/pakid | 'clerk' | ||||
پل/pal | 'moment' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hindustani phonology | |||
/ pal | |||||
White Hmong | / | 'to throw' | |||
'pope' | |||||
'dad' | |||||
/ | 'mailbox' | ||||
/ / pė | 'nose' | ||||
/ | 'to explain' | See Khmer phonology | |||
'light' | See Korean phonology | ||||
پۆر / | 'hair' | ||||
/ píroze | 'lammergeier' | ||||
/ pûûnga | 'pennyroyal' | ||||
púza | 'dry' | ||||
pastatas | 'building' | ||||
'cheap' | Less often voiced . It is usually transcribed , and contrasts with voiceless aspirated form, which is usually transcribed . See Luxembourgish phonology | ||||
пее/pee | 'sing' | ||||
'hot' | Often unreleased in syllable codas so /p/ is read as [] instead in lembap 'damp'. See Malay phonology | ||||
'ten' | |||||
'appetite' | |||||
'to assist' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Dungan phonology | ||||
'teenager' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nanjingnese phonology | ||||
'ineffective' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Sichuanese phonology | ||||
/ bàozhà | 'to explode' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Standard Chinese phonology | |||
'mattock' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Xi'annese phonology | ||||
/paa'uus/pā'ūs | 'rain' | ||||
/ ko-pi | 'coffee' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hokkien phonology | |||
/ piah4 | 'remote' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Teochew phonology | |||
'trespasser' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Fuzhounese phonology | ||||
'a sore' | |||||
/pitā | 'father' | See Nepali phonology | |||
'dad' | |||||
/pathara | 'stone' | Contrasts with aspirated form. | |||
/pa'nir | 'cheese' | ||||
پول/pul | 'money' | ||||
'otter' | |||||
'belt' | See Polish phonology | ||||
'father' | |||||
'leaf' | |||||
'step' | |||||
/plod | 'fruit' | Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology | |||
Most dialects | Alba | [al̪ˠapə] | 'Scotland' | Often transcribed as /b̥/. See Scottish Gaelic phonology | |
/ | 'drink' | ||||
'dog' | |||||
'dog' | |||||
'weight' | |||||
pombe / پٗونْبٖ | 'beer' | ||||
'monkey' | |||||
'work' | Contrasts with aspirated form in old Telugu. However aspirated form is almost always pronounced as voiceless labiodental fricative in modern Telugu. | ||||
/ | 'powder' | See Thai phonology | |||
pilin | 'feeling' | ||||
пу/pu | 'side' | Contrasts with ejective form. | |||
'pot' | |||||
/pavuk | 'spider' | ||||
'tweezers' | |||||
siop | 'shop' | See Welsh phonology | |||
'pan' | |||||
/ | 'spring' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Shanghainese phonology | |||
/ | 'pretty' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Suzhounese phonology | |||
/ | 'tear' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Wenzhounese phonology | |||
/ | 'exchange' | Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. | |||
'blockhead' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Cantonese phonology | ||||
'white' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Taishanese phonology | ||||
'daughter' | |||||
pan | 'bread' |
See also
Notes
References
External links