Wikipedia / List of Wildlife Species at Risk (Canada)
Wikipedia / List of Wildlife Species at Risk (Canada)
As of November 2024, the List of Wildlife Species at Risk has more than 600 entries for Canadian wildlife species considered at varying risks of extinction, including 301 classified as endangered species, 147 threatened species, 200 special concern, and 23 extirpated (no longer existing in the wild in Canada, but exists elsewhere). About 65 percent of Canada's resident species are considered "Secure". More than 30 wildlife species have become extinct in the wild since the arrival of European settlers.
The Government of Canada maintains a list of all plant and animal species, or designatable units (DUs) thereof, federally recognized as special concern, threatened, endangered, extirpated, and extinct in Canada under Schedule I of the Species at Risk Act (SARA).
SARA Schedule
Species listed on SARA Schedule I receive federal legal protections under the act, including the protection of individuals, populations, and their habitat from harm. Listing on Schedule I of the act also mandates the formation of a species recovery team and strategy. The addition of species or DUs to Schedule I is done annually by the Minister of the Environment, based on formal assessment recommendations by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), an independent committee of wildlife experts and scientists. COSEWIC assessments and IUCN designations by themselves are not to be confused with actual Schedule I listings as both of the former have no formal legal status in Canada.
Mammals
Extirpated mammals
Eschrichtius robustus — grey whale (Atlantic population)
Mustela nigripes — black-footed ferret
Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus — Atlantic walrus (northwest Atlantic population)
Endangered mammals
Balaenoptera borealis — sei whale (Pacific population)
Balaenoptera musculus — blue whale
Eubalaena glacialis — North Atlantic right whale
Gulo gulo — wolverine (eastern population)
Hyperoodon ampullatus — northern bottlenose whale (Scotian Shelf population)
Marmota vancouverensis — Vancouver Island marmot
Martes americana atrata — American marten (Newfoundland population)
Orcinus orca — orca or killer whale (Pacific southern resident population)
Rangifer tarandus caribou — woodland caribou (Atlantic/Gaspésie population)
Scapanus townsendii — Townsend's mole
Sorex bendirii — Pacific water shrew
Taxidea taxus jacksoni — American badger; jacksoni subspecies
Taxidea taxus jeffersonii — American badger; jeffersonii subspecies
Vulpes velox — swift fox
Threatened mammals
Antrozous pallidus — pallid bat
Balaenoptera physalus (Pacific population) — fin whale
Bison bison athabascae — wood bison
Enhydra lutris — sea otter
Delphinapterus leucas (St. Lawrence Estuary population) — beluga whale
Mustela haidarum — Haida ermine
Megaptera novaeangliae (North Pacific population) — humpback whale
Orcinus orca (northeast Pacific transient population) — killer whale
Orcinus orca (northeast Pacific northern resident population) — killer whale
Rangifer tarandus caribou (boreal population) — woodland caribou
Rangifer tarandus caribou (southern mountain population) — woodland caribou
Urocyon cinereoargenteus — grey fox
Mammals of special concern
Balaena mysticetus (Bering–Chukchi–Beaufort population) — bowhead whale
Balaenoptera physalus (Atlantic population) — fin whale
Canis lycaon — eastern wolf
Enhydra lutris — sea otter
Cynomys ludovicianus — black-tailed prairie dog
Eschrichtius robustus (eastern North Pacific population) — grey whale
Euderma maculatum — spotted bat
Eumetopias jubatus — Steller sea lion
Microtus pinetorum — woodland vole
Orcinus orca (Northeast Pacific offshore population) — killer whale
Phocoena phocoena (Pacific Ocean population) — harbour porpoise
Rangifer tarandus caribou (northern mountain population) — woodland caribou
Scalopus aquaticus — eastern mole
Sylvilagus nuttallii nuttallii — Nuttall's cottontail, nuttallii subspecies
Ursus maritimus — polar bear
Birds
Extirpated birds
Tympanuchus cupido — greater prairie-chicken
Endangered birds
Ammodramus henslowii — Henslow's sparrow
Athene cunicularia — burrowing owl
Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus — greater sage-grouse, urophasianus subspecies
Charadrius melodus circumcinctus — piping plover, circumcinctus subspecies
Charadrius melodus melodus — piping plover, melodus subspecies
Charadrius montanus — mountain plover
Colinus virginianus — northern bobwhite
Dendroica kirtlandii — Kirtland's warbler
Empidonax virescens — Acadian flycatcher
Eremophila alpestris strigata — horned lark, strigata subspecies
Grus americana — whooping crane
Icteria virens auricollis (British Columbia population) — yellow-breasted chat, auricollis subspecies
Lanius ludovicianus migrans — loggerhead shrike, migrans subspecies
Loxia curvirostra percna — red crossbill, percna subspecies
Megascops kennicottii macfarlanei — western screech-owl, macfarlanei subspecies
Numenius borealis — Eskimo curlew
Oreoscoptes montanus — sage thrasher
Picoides albolarvatus — white-headed woodpecker
Pooecetes gramineus affinis — vesper sparrow, affinis subspecies
Protonotaria citrea — prothonotary warbler
Rallus elegans — king rail
Sphyrapicus thyroideus — Williamson's sapsucker
Sterna dougallii — roseate tern
Strix occidentalis caurina — spotted owl, caurina subspecies
Tyto furcata (eastern population) — American barn owl
Threatened birds
Accipiter gentilis laingi — northern goshawk, laingi subspecies
Aegolius acadicus brooksi — northern saw-whet owl, brooksi subspecies
Anthus spragueii — Sprague's pipit
Brachyramphus marmoratus — marbled murrelet
Falco peregrinus anatum — peregrine falcon, anatum subspecies
Ixobrychus exilis — least bittern
Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides — loggerhead shrike, excubitorides subspecies
Phoebastria albatrus — short-tailed albatross
Puffinus creatopus — pink-footed shearwater
Riparia riparia - bank swallow
Rhodostethia rosea — Ross' gull
Vermivora chrysoptera — golden-winged warbler
Wilsonia citrina — hooded warbler
Birds of special concern
Bucephala islandica (eastern population) — Barrow's goldeneye
Coturnicops noveboracensis — yellow rail
Dendroica cerulea — cerulean warbler
Falco peregrinus pealei — peregrine falcon, pealei subspecies
Histrionicus histrionicus (eastern population) — harlequin duck
Icteria virens virens — yellow-breasted chat, virens subspecies
Megascops kennicottii kennicottii — western screech-owl, kennicottii subspecies
Melanerpes lewis — Lewis' woodpecker
Numenius americanus — long-billed curlew
Otus flammeolus — flammulated owl
Pagophila eburnea — ivory gull
Passerculus sandwichensis princeps — Savannah sparrow, princeps subspecies
Rhynchophanes mccownii — thick-billed longspur
Seiurus motacilla — Louisiana waterthrush
Synthliboramphus antiquus — ancient murrelet
Tyto furcata (western population) — American barn owl
Reptiles
Extirpated reptiles
Actinemys marmorata — Pacific pond turtle
Crotalus horridus — timber rattlesnake
Phrynosoma douglasii — pygmy short-horned lizard
Pituophis catenifer catenifer — Pacific gophersnake
Endangered reptiles
Chrysemys picta bellii (Pacific Coast population) — western painted turtle
Clemmys guttata — spotted turtle
Coluber constrictor foxii — blue racer
Contia tenuis — sharp-tailed snake
Dermochelys coriacea — leatherback seaturtle
Emydoidea blandingii (Nova Scotia population) — Blanding's turtle
Eumeces septentrionalis — prairie skink
Hypsiglena torquata — nightsnake
Threatened reptiles
Apalone spinifera — spiny softshell
Coluber constrictor flaviventris — eastern yellow-bellied racer
Crotalus oreganus — western rattlesnake
Elaphe gloydi — eastern foxsnake
Elaphe spiloides — grey ratsnake
Emydoidea blandingii (Great Lakes / St. Lawrence population) — Blanding's turtle
Heterodon platirhinos — eastern hog-nosed snake
Pituophis catenifer deserticola — Great Basin gophersnake
Regina septemvittata — queen snake
Sistrurus catenatus — massasauga
Sternotherus odoratus — stinkpot
Thamnophis butleri — Butler's gartersnake
Thamnophis saurita (Atlantic population) — eastern ribbonsnake
Reptiles of special concern
Charina bottae — rubber boa
Chrysemys picta bellii (intermountain–Rocky Mountain population) — western painted turtle
Coluber constrictor mormon — western yellow-bellied racer
Eumeces skiltonianus — western skink
Graptemys geographica — northern map turtle
Lampropeltis triangulum — milksnake
Thamnophis saurita (Great Lakes population) — eastern ribbonsnake
Amphibians
Extirpated amphibians
Ambystoma tigrinum (Great Lakes population) — tiger salamander
Endangered amphibians
Acris crepitans — northern cricket frog
Ambystoma texanum — small-mouthed salamander
Ambystoma tigrinum (southern mountain population) — tiger salamander
Ascaphus montanus — Rocky Mountain tailed frog
Rana pipiens (southern mountain population) — northern leopard frog
Rana pretiosa — Oregon spotted frog
Threatened amphibians
Ambystoma jeffersonianum — Jefferson salamander
Bufo fowleri — Fowler's toad
Desmognathus ochrophaeus — Allegheny Mountain dusky salamander
Dicamptodon tenebrosus — coastal giant salamander
Spea intermontana — Great Basin spadefoot
Amphibians of special concern
Ascaphus truei — coast tailed frog
Bufo boreas — western toad
Bufo cognatus — Great Plains toad
Gyrinophilus porphyriticus — spring salamander
Plethodon idahoensis — Coeur d'Alene salamander
Rana aurora — red-legged frog
Rana pipiens (western boreal/prairie populations) — northern leopard frog
Fish
Extirpated fish
Erimystax x-punctatus — gravel chub
Polyodon spathula — paddlefish
Endangered fish
Acipenser transmontanus — white sturgeon
Catostomus catostomus subsp. — Salish sucker
Coregonus huntsmani — Atlantic whitefish
Coregonus reighardi — shortnose cisco
Gasterosteus sp. — benthic Enos Lake stickleback
Gasterosteus sp. — benthic Paxton Lake stickleback
Gasterosteus sp. — benthic Vananda Creek stickleback
Gasterosteus sp. — limnetic Enos Lake stickleback
Gasterosteus sp. — limnetic Paxton Lake stickleback
Gasterosteus sp. — limnetic Vananda Creek stickleback
Lampetra richardsoni var. marifuga — Morrison Creek lamprey
Moxostoma hubbsi — copper redhorse
Notropis anogenus — pugnose shiner
Noturus stigmosus — northern madtom
Rhinichthys cataractae subsp. — Nooksack dace
Salmo salar (Inner Bay of Fundy populations) — Atlantic salmon
Salvelinus fontinalis timagamiensis — aurora trout
Threatened fish
Ammocrypta pellucida — eastern sand darter
Anarhichas denticulatus — northern wolffish
Anarhichas minor — spotted wolffish
Cottus confusus — shorthead sculpin
Cottus paulus — pygmy sculpin
Cottus sp. (St. Mary and Milk River populations) — eastslope sculpin
Erimyzon sucetta — lake chubsucker
Hybognathus argyritis — western silvery minnow
Lampetra macrostoma — Vancouver lamprey
Lepisosteus oculatus — spotted gar
Notropis percobromus — carmine shiner
Osmerus spectrum — Lake Utopia dwarf smelt
Percina copelandi — channel darterm
Fish of special concern
Acipenser medirostris — green sturgeon
Anarhichas lupus — Atlantic wolffish
Coregonus kiyi kiyi — Upper Great Lakes kiyi
Cottus hubbsi — Columbia sculpin
Esox americanus vermiculatus — grass pickerel
Fundulus diaphanus (Newfoundland population) — banded killifish
Fundulus notatus — blackstripe topminnow
Lepomis gulosus — warmouth
Macrhybopsis storeriana — silver chub
Minytrema melanops — spotted sucker
Moxostoma carinatum — river redhorse
Myoxocephalus thompsonii (Great Lakes–Western St. Lawrence populations) — deepwater sculpin
Notropis bifrenatus — bridle shiner
Opsopoeodus emiliae — pugnose minnow
Arthropods
Extirpated arthropods
Callophrys (Incisalia) irus — frosted elfin
Euchloe ausonides — island marble
Plebejus melissa samuelis — Karner blue
Endangered arthropods
Apodemia mormo (southern mountain population) — Mormon metalmark
Bombus affinis - rusty-patched bumble bee
Bombus bohemicus - gypsy cuckoo bumble bee
Brychius hungerfordi - Hungerford's crawling water beetle
Cicindela patruela - Northern Barrens tiger beetle
Coenonympha nipisiquit — maritime ringlet
Copablepharon fuscum — sand-verbena moth
Erynnis persius persius — eastern Persius duskywing
Erynnis martialis - mottled duskywing
Euphydryas editha taylori — Taylor's checkerspot
Gomphus ventricosus - skillet clubtail
Hemileuca sp. - bogbean buckmoth
Hesperia ottoe — Ottoe skipper
Papaipema aweme — Aweme borer
Icaricia saepiolus insulanus — island blue
Prodoxus quinquepunctellus — five-spotted bogus yucca moth
Satyrium semiluna — half-moon hairstreak
Schinia avemensis — gold-edged gem
Schinia bimatris — white flower moth
Somatochlora hineana - Hine's emerald
Stylurus amnicola - riverine clubtail
Stylurus laurae - Laura's clubtail
Stylurus olivaceus - olive clubtail
Tegeticula corruptrix — non-pollinating yucca moth
Tegeticula yuccasella — yucca moth
Threatened arthropods
Apodemia mormo (prairie population) — Mormon metalmark
Euphyes vestris (western population) — dun skipper
Hesperia dacotae — Dakota skipper
Oarisma poweshiek — Poweshiek skipperling
Satyrium behrii columbia — Behr's hairstreak, columbia subspecies
Arthropods of special concern
Danaus plexippus — monarch
Limenitis weidemeyerii — Weidemeyer's admiral
Polites sonora — Sonora skipper
Molluscs
Extirpated molluscs
Alasmidonta heterodon — dwarf wedgemussel
Cryptomastix devia — Puget Oregonian snail
Endangered molluscs
Allogona townsendiana — Oregon forestsnail
Epioblasma torulosa rangiana — northern riffleshell
Epioblasma triquetra — snuffbox
Haliotis kamtschatkana — northern abalone
Lampsilis fasciola — wavy-rayed lampmussel
Obovaria subrotunda — round hickorynut
Physella johnsoni — Banff Springs snail
Physella wrighti — hotwater physa
Pleurobema sintoxia — round pigtoe
Prophysaon coelureum — blue-grey taildropper slug
Ptychobranchus fasciolaris — kidneyshell
Simpsonaias ambigua — mudpuppy mussel
Villosa fabalis — rayed bean
Threatened molluscs
Hemphillia dromedarius — dromedary jumping-slug
Molluscs of special concern
Gonidea angulata — Rocky Mountain ridged mussel
Lampsilis cariosa — yellow lampmussel
Nearctula sp. — threaded vertigo
Ostrea conchaphila — Olympia oyster
Vascular plants
Extirpated vascular plants
Collinsia verna — spring blue-eyed mary
Desmodium illinoense — Illinois tick-trefoil
Endangered vascular plants
Abronia umbellata — pink sand-verbena
Actaea elata — tall bugbane
Adiantum capillus-veneris — southern maidenhair fern
Agalinis aspera — rough agalinis
Agalinis gattingeri — Gattinger's agalinis
Agalinis skinneriana — Skinner's agalinis
Ammannia robusta — scarlet ammannia
Antennaria flagellaris — stoloniferous pussytoes
Aristida basiramea — forked three-awned grass
balsamorhiza deltoidea — deltoid balsamroot
Betula lenta — cherry birch
Braya longii — Long's braya
Buchnera americana — bluehearts
Camissonia contorta — contorted-pod evening-primrose
Carex lupuliformis — false hop sedge
Carex juniperorum — juniper sedge
Castanea dentata — American chestnut
Castilleja levisecta — golden paintbrush
Chimaphila maculata — spotted wintergreen
Cirsium pitcheri — Pitcher's thistle
Collomia tenella — slender collomia
Coreopsis rosea — pink coreopsis
Cryptantha minima — tiny cryptanthe
Cypripedium candidum — small white lady's-slipper
Drosera filiformis — thread-leaved sundew
Eleocharis equisetoides — horsetail spike-rush
Epilobium densiflorum — dense spike-primrose
Epilobium torreyi — brook spike-primrose
Frasera caroliniensis — American columbo
Gentiana alba — white prairie gentian
Geum peckii — eastern mountain avens
Isoetes engelmannii — Engelmann's quillwort
Isotria medeoloides — small whorled pogonia
Isotria verticillata — large whorled pogonia
Juglans cinerea — butternut
Juncus kelloggii — Kellogg's rush
Lespedeza virginica — slender bush-clover
Liparis liliifolia — purple twayblade
Lipocarpha micrantha — small-flowered lipocarpha
Lotus formosissimus — seaside bird's-foot lotus
Lotus pinnatus — bog bird's-foot trefoil
Lupinus densiflorus — dense-flowered lupine
Lupinus lepidus var. lepidus — prairie lupine
Lupinus rivularis — streambank lupine
Magnolia acuminata — cucumber tree
Meconella oregana — white meconella
Microseris bigelovii — coast microseris
Minuartia pusilla — dwarf sandwort
Morus rubra — red mulberry
Opuntia humifusa — eastern prickly pear cactus
Orthocarpus barbatus — Grand Coulee owl-clover
Orthocarpus bracteosus — rosy owl-clover
Panax quinquefolius — American ginseng
Pedicularis furbishiae — Furbish's lousewort
Phacelia ramosissima — branched phacelia
Physematium obtusum — blunt-lobed woodsia
Plantago cordata — heart-leaved plantain
Platanthera leucophaea — eastern prairie fringed-orchid
Platanthera praeclara — western prairie fringed-orchid
Polygala incarnata — pink milkwort
Psilocarphus brevissimus (southern mountain population) — dwarf woolly-heads
Psilocarphus elatior — tall woolly-heads
Pycnanthemum incanum — hoary mountain-mint
Ranunculus alismifolius var. alismifolius — water-plantain buttercup
Rotala ramosior — toothcup
Salix jejuna — barrens willow
Sanicula arctopoides — bear's-foot sanicle
Silene scouleri grandis — coastal Scouler's catchfly
Silene spaldingii — Spalding's campion
Solidago speciosa — showy goldenrod
Stylophorum diphyllum — wood-poppy
Symphyotrichum frondosum — short-rayed alkali aster
Tephrosia virginiana — Virginia goat's-rue
Tonella tenella — small-flowered tonella
Trichophorum planifolium — bashful bulrush
Trillium flexipes — drooping trillium
Triphora trianthophora — nodding pogonia
Triphysaria versicolor versicolor — bearded owl-clover
Tripterocalyx micranthus — small-flowered sand-verbena
Triteleia howellii — Howell's triteleia
Viola pedata — bird's-foot violet
Threatened vascular plants
Aletris farinosa — colicroot
Azolla mexicana — Mexican mosquito-fern
Bartonia paniculata paniculata — branched bartonia
Braya fernaldii — Fernald's braya
Buchloe dactyloides — buffalograss
Calochortus lyallii — Lyall's mariposa lily
Camassia scilloides — wild hyacinth
Carex sabulosa — Baikal sedge
Castilleja rupicola — cliff paintbrush
Celtis tenuifolia — dwarf hackberry
Cephalanthera austiniae — phantom orchid
Chenopodium subglabrum — smooth goosefoot
Cirsium hillii — Hill's thistle
Corydalis scouleri — Scouler's corydalis
Dalea villosa var. villosa — hairy prairie-clover
Eleocharis tuberculosa — tubercled spike-rush
Enemion biternatum — false rue-anemone
Eurybia divaricata — white wood aster
Gentianopsis virgata subsp. victorinii — Victorin's gentian
Gymnocladus dioicus — Kentucky coffee-tree
Halimolobos virgata — slender mouse-ear-cress
Hydrastis canadensis — goldenseal
Hydrocotyle umbellata — water-pennywort
Hymenoxys herbacea — lakeside daisy
Iris lacustris — dwarf lake iris
Iris missouriensis — western blue flag
Isoetes bolanderi — Bolander's quillwort
Justicia americana — American water-willow
Lachnanthes caroliana — redroot
Liatris spicata — dense blazing star
Limnanthes macounii — Macoun's meadowfoam
Lophiola aurea — golden crest
Phlox speciosa subsp. occidentalis — showy phlox
Polemonium vanbruntiae — van Brunt's Jacob's-ladder
Polystichum lemmonii — Lemmon's holly fern
Polystichum scopulinum — mountain holly fern
Ptelea trifoliata — common hoptree
Sabatia kennedyana — Plymouth gentian
Salix chlorolepis — green-scaled willow
Sanicula bipinnatifida — purple sanicle
Sericocarpus rigidus — white-top aster
Smilax rotundifolia (Great Lakes plains population) — round-leaved greenbrier
Symphyotrichum anticostense — Anticosti aster
Symphyotrichum laurentianum — Gulf of St. Lawrence aster
Symphyotrichum praealtum — willowleaf aster
Symphyotrichum prenanthoides — crooked-stem aster
Symphyotrichum sericeum — western silvery aster
Tradescantia occidentalis — western spiderwort
Vaccinium stamineum — deerberry
Viola praemorsa subsp. praemorsa — yellow montane violet, praemorsa subspecies
Yucca glauca — soapweed
Vascular plants of special concern
Achillea millefolium var. megacephalum — large-headed woolly yarrow
Armeria maritima subsp. interior — Athabasca thrift
Arnoglossum plantagineum — tuberous Indian-plantain
Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum — American hart's-tongue fern
Astragalus robbinsii var. fernaldii — Fernald's milk-vetch
Bidens amplissima — Vancouver Island beggarticks
Cicuta maculata var. victorinii — Victorin's water-hemlock
Clethra alnifolia — sweet pepperbush
Deschampsia mackenzieana — Mackenzie hairgrass
Dryopteris arguta — coastal wood fern
Fraxinus quadrangulata — blue ash
Hibiscus moscheutos — swamp rose-mallow
Isoetes prototypus — prototype quillwort
Juncus caesariensis — New Jersey rush
Lilaeopsis chinensis — eastern lilaeopsis
Potamogeton hillii — Hill's pondweed
Psilocarphus brevissimus (prairie population) — dwarf woolly-heads
Psilocarphus elatior (prairie population) — tall woolly-heads
Rosa setigera — climbing prairie rose
Salix brachycarpa var. psammophila — sand dune short-capsuled willow
Salix silicicola — felt-leaf willow
Salix turnorii — Turnor's willow
Solidago houghtonii — Houghton's goldenrod
Solidago riddellii — Riddell's goldenrod
Tanacetum huronense var. floccosum — floccose tansy
Mosses
Extirpated mosses
Ptychomitrium incurvum — incurved grizzled moss
Endangered mosses
Bartramia stricta — rigid apple moss
Bryoandersonia illecebra — spoon-leaved moss
Entosthodon rubiginosus — rusty cord-moss
Fabronia pusilla — silver hair moss
Fissidens pauperculus — poor pocket moss
Scouleria marginata — margined streamside moss
Threatened mosses
Bartramia halleriana — Haller's apple moss
Pterygoneurum kozlovii — alkaline wing-nerved moss
Mosses of special concern
Bryoerythrophyllum columbianum — Columbian carpet moss
Entosthodon fascicularis — banded cord-moss
Fissidens exilis — pygmy pocket moss
Syntrichia laevipila — twisted oak moss
Lichens
Endangered lichens
Erioderma pedicellatum (Atlantic population) — boreal felt lichen
Heterodermia sitchensis — seaside centipede lichen
Threatened lichens
Pannaria lurida — wrinkled shingle lichen
Leptogium rivulare — flooded jellyskin
Lichens of special concern
Erioderma pedicellatum (boreal population) — boreal felt lichen
Nephroma occultum — cryptic paw
Sclerophora peronella (Nova Scotia population) — frosted glass-whiskers
References
Amtyaz Safi, Hashmi MUA and Smith JP. (2020). "A review of distribution, threats, conservation and status of freshwater turtles of Ontario, Canada". Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2 (1): 36–41.
External links
Species at Risk in Canada at Hinterland Who's Who