Moskalenko is a Ukrainian surname literally meaning "son of moskal". Notable people with the name include:

• Alexander Moskalenko (born 1969), Russian trampolinist

• Anastasiia Moskalenko (born 2000), Ukrainian Paralympian

• Karinna Moskalenko (born 1954), Russian human rights lawyer

• Kirill Moskalenko (1902–1985), Marshal of the Soviet Union

• Larisa Moskalenko (born 1963), Soviet-Ukrainian sailor

• Mitrofan Moskalenko (1896–1966), Soviet naval officer

• Nikolay Moskalenko (born 1990), Russian football goalkeeper

• Vitaliy Moskalenko (born 1974), Russian triple jumper

• Yaroslav Moskalenko (born 1975), Ukrainian politician

See also