Events

Pre-1600

• 398 End of the Gildonic rebellion after Gildo's forces are defeated by forces loyal to Western Roman Emperor Honorius under Gildo's brother Mascezel and Gildo's subsequent death.

• 432 Election of pope Sixtus III following the death of pope Celestine I four days prior.

• 768 Antipope Constantine II is arrested by primicerius Christopher and Lombard troops sent to aid him by king Desiderius.

• 781 The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: Sixth day of the seventh month of the first year of the Ten'o (天応) era).

• 1009 Pope Sergius IV becomes the 142nd pope, succeeding Pope John XVIII.

• 1201 Attempted usurpation by John Komnenos the Fat for the throne of Alexios III Angelos.

• 1423 Hundred Years' War: Battle of Cravant: A Franco-Scottish army is defeated by the Anglo-Burgundians at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne.

• 1451 Jacques Cœur is arrested by order of Charles VII of France.

• 1492 All remaining Jews are expelled from Spain when the Alhambra Decree takes effect.

• 1498 On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to discover the island of Trinidad.

1601–1900

• 1618 Maurice, Prince of Orange disbands the waardgelders militia in Utrecht, a pivotal event in the Remonstrant/Counter-Remonstrant tensions.

• 1655 Russo-Polish War (1654–67): The Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it holds for six years.

• 1658 Aurangzeb is proclaimed Mughal emperor of India.

• 1667 The treaty of Breda ends the second Anglo-Dutch War and grants England in possession of New Amsterdam.

• 1703 Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet, but is pelted with flowers.

• 1715 Seven days after a Spanish treasure fleet of 12 ships left Havana, Cuba for Spain, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of Florida. A few centuries later, treasure is salvaged from these wrecks.

• 1741 Charles Albert of Bavaria invades Upper Austria and Bohemia.

• 1763 Odawa Chief Pontiac's forces defeat British troops at the Battle of Bloody Run during Pontiac's War.

• 1777 The U.S. Second Continental Congress passes a resolution that the services of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette "be accepted, and that, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family and connexions, he have the rank and commission of major-general of the United States."

• 1790 The first U.S. patent is issued, to inventor Samuel Hopkins for a potash process.

• 1856 Christchurch, New Zealand, is chartered as a city.

• 1865 The first narrow-gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Queensland, Australia.

• 1874 Patrick Francis Healy becomes the first African-American inaugurated as president of a predominantly white university, Georgetown University.

1901–present

• 1904 Russo-Japanese War: Battle of Hsimucheng: Units of the Imperial Japanese Army defeat units of the Imperial Russian Army in a strategic confrontation.

• 1917 World War I: The Battle of Passchendaele begins near Ypres in West Flanders, Belgium.

• 1932 The NSDAP (Nazi Party) wins more than 38% of the vote in German elections.

• 1938 Bulgaria signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanti (Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia).

• 1938 Archaeologists discover engraved gold and silver plates from King Darius the Great in Persepolis.

• 1941 The Holocaust: Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring orders SS General Reinhard Heydrich to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired Final Solution of the Jewish question."

• 1941 World War II: The Battle of Smolensk concludes with Germany capturing about 300,000 Soviet Red Army prisoners.

• 1945 Pierre Laval, the fugitive former leader of Vichy France, surrenders to Allied soldiers in Austria.

• 1948 At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport) is dedicated.

• 1948 is sunk by an aerial torpedo after surviving hits from two atomic bombs (as part of post-war tests) and being used for target practice by three other ships.

• 1964 Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon, with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes.

• 1966 The pleasure cruiser MV Darlwyne disappears off the Cornwall coast with the loss of all 31 aboard.

• 1970 Black Tot Day: The last day of the officially sanctioned rum ration in the Royal Navy.

• 1971 Apollo program: The Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover.

• 1972 The Troubles: In Operation Motorman, the British Army re-takes the urban no-go areas of Northern Ireland. It is the biggest British military operation since the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the biggest in Ireland since the Irish War of Independence. Later that day, nine civilians are killed by car bombs in the village of Claudy.

• 1973 A Delta Air Lines jetliner, flight DL 723, crashes while landing in fog at Logan International Airport, Boston, Massachusetts, killing 89.

• 1975 The Troubles: Three members of a popular cabaret band and two gunmen are killed during a botched paramilitary attack in Northern Ireland.

• 1987 A tornado occurs in Edmonton, Alberta, killing 27 people.

• 1988 Thirty-two people are killed and 1,674 injured when a bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal collapses in Butterworth, Penang, Malaysia.

• 1991 The United States and Soviet Union both sign the START I Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, the first to reduce (with verification) both countries' stockpiles.

• 1992 The nation of Georgia joins the United Nations.

• 1992 Thai Airways International Flight 311 crashes into a mountain north of Kathmandu, Nepal, killing all 113 people on board.

• 1992 China General Aviation Flight 7552 crashes during takeoff from Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport, killing 108.

• 1992 Space Shuttle program: Atlantis is launched on STS-46 to deploy the European Retrievable Carrier and the Tethered Satellite System.

• 1997 FedEx Express Flight 14 crashes at Newark International Airport, injuring five.

• 1999 Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector: NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the Moon's surface.

• 2006 Fidel Castro hands over power to his brother, Raúl.

• 2007 Operation Banner, the presence of the British Army in Northern Ireland, and the longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end.

• 2008 East Coast Jets Flight 81 crashes near Owatonna Degner Regional Airport in Owatonna, Minnesota, killing all eight people on board.

• 2012 Michael Phelps breaks the record set in 1964 by Larisa Latynina for the most medals won at the Olympics.

• 2014 Gas explosions in the southern Taiwanese city of Kaohsiung kill at least 20 people and injure more than 270.

• 2020 – A De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver and Piper PA-12 Super Cruiser collide over Soldotna, Alaska, killing all seven people on board both aircraft, including state representative Gary Knopp.

Births

Pre-1600

• 1143 Emperor Nijō of Japan (died 1165)

• 1396 Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (died 1467)

• 1526 Augustus, Elector of Saxony (died 1586)

• 1527 Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1576)

• 1595 Philipp Wolfgang, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (died 1641)

• 1598 Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor (died 1654)

1601–1900

• 1686 Charles of France, Duke of Berry (died 1714)

• 1702 Jean Denis Attiret, French missionary and painter (died 1768)

• 1704 Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician and physicist (died 1752)

• 1718 John Canton, English physicist and academic (died 1772)

• 1724 Noël François de Wailly, French lexicographer and author (died 1801)

• 1759 Ignaz Anton von Indermauer, Austrian nobleman and government official (died 1796)

• 1777 Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentine priest and politician (died 1849)

• 1796 Jean-Gaspard Deburau, Czech-French actor and mime (died 1846)

• 1800 Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist and academic (died 1882)

• 1803 John Ericsson, Swedish-American engineer, designed the USS Monitor, the first ironclad warship of the US Navy (died 1889).

• 1816 George Henry Thomas, American general (died 1870)

• 1826 Juhani Aataminpoika, Finnish serial killer (died 1854)

• 1826 William S. Clark, American colonel and politician (died 1886)

• 1835 Henri Brisson, French lawyer and politician, 50th Prime Minister of France (died 1912)

• 1835 Paul Du Chaillu, French-American anthropologist and explorer (died 1903)

• 1836 Vasily Sleptsov, Russian author and activist (died 1878)

• 1837 William Quantrill, American captain (died 1865)

• 1839 Ignacio Andrade, Venezuelan general and politician, 25th President of Venezuela (died 1925)

• 1843 Peter Rosegger, Austrian poet and author (died 1918)

• 1847 Ignacio Cervantes, Cuban pianist and composer (died 1905)

• 1854 José Canalejas, Spanish academic and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (died 1912)

• 1854 Arthur Barclay, 15th president of Liberia (died 1938)

• 1858 Richard Dixon Oldham, English seismologist and geologist (died 1936)

• 1858 Marion Talbot, American educator (died 1948)

• 1860 Mary Vaux Walcott, American painter and illustrator (died 1940)

• 1867 S. S. Kresge, American businessman, founded Kmart (died 1966)

• 1875 Jacques Villon, French painter (died 1963)

• 1877 Louisa Bolus, South African botanist and taxonomist (died 1970)

• 1880 Premchand, Indian author and playwright (died 1936)

• 1884 Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, Polish-German economist and politician (died 1945)

• 1886 Salvatore Maranzano, Italian-American mob boss (died 1931)

• 1886 Fred Quimby, American animation producer (died 1965)

• 1886 – Larry Doyle, American baseball player (died 1974)

• 1887 Hans Freyer, German sociologist and philosopher (died 1969)

• 1892 Herbert W. Armstrong, American evangelist and publisher, founded Worldwide Church of God (died 1986)

• 1892 Joseph Charbonneau, Canadian archbishop (died 1959)

• 1894 Fred Keenor, Welsh footballer (died 1972)

1901–present

• 1901 Jean Dubuffet, French painter and sculptor (died 1985)

• 1902 Gubby Allen, Australian-English cricketer and soldier (died 1989)

• 1904 Brett Halliday, American engineer, surveyor, and author (died 1977)

• 1907 – Neil Robinson, American baseball player (died 1983)

• 1909 Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Austrian theorist and author (died 1999)

• 1911 George Liberace, American violinist (died 1983)

• 1912 Bill Brown, Australian cricketer (died 2008)

• 1912 Milton Friedman, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2006)

• 1912 Irv Kupcinet, American football player and journalist (died 2003)

• 1913 Bryan Hextall, Canadian ice hockey player (died 1984)

• 1914 Paul J. Christiansen, American conductor and composer (died 1997)

• 1914 Mario Bava, Italian director and screenwriter (died 1980)

• 1914 Louis de Funès, French actor and screenwriter (died 1983)

• 1916 Sibte Hassan, Pakistani journalist, scholar, and activist (died 1986)

• 1916 Billy Hitchcock, American baseball player, coach, and manager (died 2006)

• 1916 Bill Todman, American screenwriter and producer (died 1979)

• 1918 Paul D. Boyer, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2018)

• 1918 Hank Jones, American pianist, composer, and bandleader (died 2010)

• 1918 Frank Renouf, New Zealand businessman and financier (died 1998)

• 1919 Hemu Adhikari, Indian cricketer (died 2003)

• 1919 Curt Gowdy, American sportscaster and actor (died 2006)

• 1919 Primo Levi, Italian chemist and author (died 1987)

• 1920 James E. Faust, American religious leader, lawyer, and politician (died 2007)

• 1921 Peter Benenson, English lawyer and activist, founded Amnesty International (died 2005)

• 1921 Donald Malarkey, American sergeant and author (died 2017)

• 1921 Whitney Young, American activist (died 1971)

• 1922 Hank Bauer, American baseball player and manager (died 2007)

• 1923 Ahmet Ertegun, Turkish-American songwriter and producer, founded Atlantic Records (died 2006)

• 1923 Stephanie Kwolek, American chemist and engineer, invented Kevlar (died 2014)

• 1924 Jimmy Evert, American tennis player and coach (died 2015)

• 1925 Carmel Quinn, Irish singer, actress and writer (died 2021)

• 1925 John Swainson, Canadian-American jurist and politician, 42nd Governor of Michigan (died 1994)

• 1926 Bernard Nathanson, American physician and activist (died 2011)

• 1926 Hilary Putnam, American mathematician, computer scientist, and philosopher (died 2016)

• 1927 Peter Nichols, English author and playwright (died 2019)

• 1928 Bill Frenzel, American lieutenant and politician (died 2014)

• 1929 Lynne Reid Banks, English author (died 2024)

• 1929 Gilles Carle, Canadian director and screenwriter (died 2009)

• 1929 Oriana Fallaci, Italian journalist and writer (died 2006)

• 1929 Don Murray, American actor (died 2024)

• 1929 José Santamaría, Uruguayan footballer and manager (died 2026)

• 1931 Nick Bollettieri, American tennis player and coach (died 2022)

• 1931 Kenny Burrell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1932 Ted Cassidy, American actor and screenwriter (died 1979)

• 1932 John Searle, American philosopher and academic (died 2025)

• 1933 Cees Nooteboom, Dutch journalist, author, and poet (died 2026)

• 1935 Yvon Deschamps, Canadian comedian, actor, and producer

• 1935 Geoffrey Lewis, American actor and screenwriter (died 2015)

• 1939 Steuart Bedford, English pianist and conductor (died 2021)

• 1939 Susan Flannery, American actress

• 1939 France Nuyen, Vietnamese-French actress

• 1940 Stanley R. Jaffe, American film producer and director (died 2025)

• 1941 Amarsinh Chaudhary, Indian politician, 8th Chief Minister of Gujarat (died 2004)

• 1943 William Bennett, American journalist and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Education

• 1943 Lobo, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1944 Geraldine Chaplin, American actress and screenwriter

• 1944 Jonathan Dimbleby, English journalist and author

• 1944 Sherry Lansing, American film producer

• 1944 Robert C. Merton, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

• 1944 David Norris, Irish scholar and politician

• 1945 William Weld, American lawyer and politician, 68th Governor of Massachusetts

• 1946 Gary Lewis, American pop-rock musician

• 1947 Karl Green, English bass player and songwriter

• 1947 Richard Griffiths, English actor (died 2013)

• 1947 Mumtaz, Indian actress

• 1947 Hubert Védrine, French politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs

• 1947 Ian Beck, English children's illustrator and author

• 1948 Russell Morris, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1949 Alan Meale, English journalist and politician

• 1950 Richard Berry, French actor, director, and screenwriter

• 1951 Evonne Goolagong Cawley, Australian tennis player

• 1952 Chris Ahrens, American ice hockey player

• 1952 Alan Autry, American football player, actor, and politician, 23rd Mayor of Fresno, California

• 1952 Helmuts Balderis, Latvian ice hockey player and coach

• 1952 João Barreiros, Portuguese author and critic

• 1952 Faye Kellerman, American author

• 1953 Ted Baillieu, Australian architect and politician, 46th Premier of Victoria

• 1953 Jimmy Cook, South African cricketer and coach

• 1953 Hugh McDowell, English cellist (died 2018)

• 1954 Derek Smith, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1956 Michael Biehn, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

• 1956 Bill Callahan, American football player and coach

• 1956 Ron Kuby, American lawyer and radio host

• 1956 Deval Patrick, American lawyer and politician, 71st Governor of Massachusetts

• 1956 Lynne Rae Perkins, American author and illustrator

• 1956 Lynn "Lynja" Yamada Davis, American online celebrity chef (died 2024)

• 1957 Daniel Ash, English singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1957 Mark Thompson, English business executive

• 1958 Bill Berry, American drummer and songwriter

• 1958 Mark Cuban, American businessman and television personality

• 1958 Suzanne Giraud, French music editor and composer

• 1959 Stanley Jordan, American guitarist, pianist, and songwriter

• 1959 Andrew Marr, Scottish journalist and author

• 1959 Kim Newman, English journalist and author

• 1960 Dale Hunter, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

• 1960 Malcolm Ross, Scottish guitarist and songwriter

• 1961 Frank Gardner, English captain and journalist

• 1961 Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, Nigerian banker, royal

• 1962 John Chiang, American lawyer and politician, 31st California State Controller

• 1962 Kevin Greene, American football player and coach (died 2020)

• 1962 Wesley Snipes, American actor and producer

• 1962 Troy Murray, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2026)

• 1963 Norman Cook (Fatboy Slim), English DJ and musician

• 1963 Fergus Henderson, English chef and author

• 1963 Brian Skrudland, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

• 1964 Jim Corr, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1964 Urmas Hepner, Estonian footballer and coach

• 1965 Scott Brooks, American basketball player and coach

• 1965 John Laurinaitis, American wrestler and producer

• 1965 Ian Roberts, English-Australian rugby league player and actor

• 1965 J. K. Rowling, English author and film producer

• 1966 Dean Cain, American actor, producer, and screenwriter

• 1967 Tony Massenburg, American basketball player

• 1967 Tim Wright, Welsh composer

• 1968 Saeed-Al-Saffar, Emirati cricketer

• 1968 Julian Richards, Welsh director and producer

• 1969 Antonio Conte, Italian footballer and manager

• 1969 Loren Dean, American actor

• 1969 Kenneth D. Schisler, American lawyer and politician

• 1970 Ahmad Akbarpour, Iranian author and poet

• 1970 Ben Chaplin, English actor

• 1970 Andrzej Kobylański, Polish footballer and manager

• 1970 Giorgos Sigalas, Greek basketball player, coach, and sportscaster

• 1971 Gus Frerotte, American football player and coach

• 1971 – Eve Best, English actress

• 1973 Nathan Brown, Australian rugby league player and coach

• 1974 Emilia Fox, English actress

• 1974 Leona Naess, American-English singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1974 Jonathan Ogden, American football player

• 1975 Randy Flores, American baseball player and coach

• 1975 Andrew Hall, South African cricketer

• 1975 Gabe Kapler, American baseball player and manager

• 1976 Joshua Cain, American guitarist and producer

• 1976 Paulo Wanchope, Costa Rican footballer and manager

• 1978 Zac Brown, American country singer-songwriter and guitarist

1978 Will Champion, English drummer (Coldplay)

• Abelardo de la Espreilla, Colombian attorney, businessman and politician, President of Colombia (2026-present)

• 1978 Nick Sorensen, American football player and sportscaster

• 1978 Justin Wilson, English race car driver (died 2015)

• 1979 Jaco Erasmus, South African-Italian rugby player

• 1979 J. J. Furmaniak, American baseball player

• 1979 Per Krøldrup, Danish footballer

• 1979 Carlos Marchena, Spanish footballer

• 1979 B. J. Novak, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

• 1980 Mikko Hirvonen, Finnish race car driver

• 1980 Mils Muliaina, New Zealand rugby player

• 1981 Titus Bramble, English footballer

• 1981 Vernon Carey, American football player

• 1981 Paul Whatuira, New Zealand rugby league player

• 1982 Anabel Medina Garrigues, Spanish tennis player

• 1982 DeMarcus Ware, American football player

• 1985 Daniel Ciofani, Italian footballer

• 1985 Rémy Di Gregorio, French cyclist

• 1986 Evgeni Malkin, Russian ice hockey player

• 1986 Brian Orakpo, American football player

• 1987 Michael Bradley, American soccer player

• 1988 Alex Glenn, New Zealand rugby league player

• 1988 A. J. Green, American football player

• 1988 – Charlie Carver, American actor and writer

• 1989 Victoria Azarenka, Belarusian tennis player

• 1989 – Alexis Knapp, American actress

• 1991 Réka Luca Jani, Hungarian tennis player

• 1992 José Fernández, Cuban-American baseball player (died 2016)

• 1992 Ryan Johansen, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1992 Kyle Larson, American race car driver

• 1993 Linus Ullmark, Swedish professional hockey player

• 1995 Lil Uzi Vert, American hip hop artist

• 1997 Bobbi Althoff, American podcaster and influencer

• 1997 – Thomas Bryant, American basketball player

• 1998 Rico Rodriguez, American actor

• 2000 Kim Sae-ron, South Korean actress (died 2025)

• 2002 João Gomes, Brazilian singer

• 2002 Will Penisini, Australian-Tongan rugby league player

• 2003 Calvin Ramsay, Scottish footballer

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 54 BC Aurelia Cotta, Roman mother of Gaius Julius Caesar (born 120 BC)

• 450 Peter Chrysologus, Italian bishop and saint (born 380)

• 910 Feng Xingxi, Chinese warlord

• 975 Fu Yanqing, Chinese general (born 898)

• 1098 Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury

• 1358 Étienne Marcel, French rebel leader (born 1302)

• 1396 William Courtenay, English archbishop and politician, Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (born 1342)

• 1508 Na'od, Ethiopian emperor

• 1556 Ignatius of Loyola, Spanish priest and theologian, founded the Society of Jesus (born 1491)

1601–1900

• 1616 Roger Wilbraham, Solicitor-General for Ireland (born 1553)

• 1638 Sibylla Schwarz, German poet (born 1621)

• 1653 Thomas Dudley, English soldier and politician, 3rd Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (born 1576)

• 1693 Willem Kalf, Dutch still life painter (born 1619)

• 1726 Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and theorist (born 1695)

• 1750 John V, king of Portugal (born 1689)

• 1762 Luis Vicente de Velasco e Isla, Spanish sailor and commander (born 1711)

• 1781 John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley, British parliamentarian (born 1719)

• 1784 Denis Diderot, French philosopher and critic (born 1713)

• 1805 Dheeran Chinnamalai, Indian soldier (born 1756)

• 1864 Louis Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (born 1800)

• 1875 Andrew Johnson, American general and politician, 17th President of the United States (born 1808)

• 1884 Kiến Phúc, Vietnamese emperor (born 1869)

• 1886 Franz Liszt, Hungarian pianist, composer, and conductor (born 1811)

• 1891 Jean-Baptiste Capronnier, Belgian stained glass painter (born 1814)

1901–present

• 1913 John Milne, British geologist and mining engineer. (born 1850)

• 1914 Jean Jaurès, French journalist and politician (born 1859)

• 1917 Francis Ledwidge, Irish soldier and poet (born 1881)

• 1917 Hedd Wyn, Welsh language poet (born 1887)

• 1920 Ion Dragoumis, Greek philosopher and diplomat (born 1878)

• 1940 Udham Singh, Indian activist (born 1899)

• 1942 Francis Younghusband, British Army Officer, explorer and spiritual writer (born 1863)

• 1943 Hedley Verity, English cricketer and soldier (born 1905)

• 1944 Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French pilot and poet (born 1900)

• 1951 Cho Ki-chon, North Korean poet (born 1913)

• 1953 Robert A. Taft, American soldier and politician (born 1889)

• 1954 Onofre Marimón, Argentine race car driver (born 1923)

• 1958 Eino Kaila, Finnish philosopher and psychologist, attendant of the Vienna circle (born 1890)

• 1964 Jim Reeves, American singer-songwriter (born 1923)

• 1966 Bud Powell, American pianist (born 1924)

• 1968 Jack Pizzey, Australian politician, 29th Premier of Queensland (born 1911)

• 1971 Walter P. Carter, American soldier and activist (born 1923)

• 1972 Paul-Henri Spaak, Belgian politician, 40th Prime Minister of Belgium, 1st President of the United Nations General Assembly (born 1899)

• 1973 Azumafuji Kin'ichi, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 40th Yokozuna (born 1921)

• 1979 Beatrix Lehmann, English actress and director (born 1903)

• 1980 Pascual Jordan, German physicist, author, and academic (born 1902)

• 1980 Mohammed Rafi, Indian playback singer (born 1924)

• 1981 Omar Torrijos, Panamanian general and politician, Military Leader of Panama (born 1929)

• 1985 Eugene Carson Blake, American religious leader (born 1906)

• 1986 Chiune Sugihara, Japanese diplomat (born 1900)

• 1987 Joseph E. Levine, American film producer (b, 1905)

• 1990 Albert Leduc, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1902)

• 1992 Leonard Cheshire, English captain and pilot (born 1917)

• 1993 Baudouin, King of Belgium (born 1930)

• 1997 Bảo Đại, Vietnamese emperor (born 1913)

• 2000 William Keepers Maxwell Jr., American editor, novelist, short story writer, and essayist (born 1908)

• 2001 Francisco da Costa Gomes, Portuguese general and politician, 15th President of Portugal (born 1914)

• 2001 Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (born 1910)

• 2003 Guido Crepax, Italian author and illustrator (born 1933)

• 2004 Virginia Grey, American actress (born 1917)

• 2005 Wim Duisenberg, Dutch economist and politician, 1st President of the European Central Bank (born 1935)

• 2009 Bobby Robson, English footballer and manager (born 1933)

• 2009 Harry Alan Towers, English-Canadian screenwriter and producer (born 1920)

• 2012 Mollie Hunter, Scottish author and playwright (born 1922)

• 2012 Alfredo Ramos, Brazilian footballer and coach (born 1924)

• 2012 Gore Vidal, American novelist, screenwriter, and critic (born 1925)

• 2012 Tony Sly, American musician, singer-songwriter (born 1970)

• 2013 Michael Ansara, Syrian-American actor (born 1922)

• 2013 Michel Donnet, English-Belgian general and pilot (born 1917)

• 2013 John Graves, American captain and author (born 1920)

• 2013 Trevor Storer, English businessman, founded Pukka Pies (born 1930)

• 2014 Warren Bennis, American scholar, author, and academic (born 1925)

• 2014 Nabarun Bhattacharya, Indian journalist and author (born 1948)

• 2014 Jeff Bourne, English footballer (born 1948)

• 2014 Wilfred Feinberg, American lawyer and judge (born 1920)

• 2015 Alan Cheuse, American writer and critic (born 1940)

• 2015 Howard W. Jones, American surgeon and academic (born 1910)

• 2015 Billy Pierce, American baseball player and sportscaster (born 1927)

• 2015 Roddy Piper, Canadian wrestler and actor (born 1954)

• 2015 Richard Schweiker, American soldier and politician, 14th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services (born 1926)

• 2016 Chiyonofuji Mitsugu, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 58th Yokozuna (born 1955)

• 2016 Seymour Papert, South African mathematician (born 1928)

• 2017 Jeanne Moreau, French actress (born 1928)

• 2018 Tony Bullimore, British sailor and businessman (born 1939)

• 2019 Harold Prince, Broadway producer and director, who received more Tony awards than anyone else in history (born 1928)

• 2020 Alan Parker, English filmmaker (born 1944)

• 2022 Fidel V. Ramos, 12th President of the Philippines (born 1928)

• 2022 Bill Russell, NBA Hall of Fame player and coach (born 1934)

• 2023 Angus Cloud, American actor (born 1998)

• 2024 Paul Bucha, United States Army Medal of Honor recipient (born 1943)

• 2024 Ismail Haniyeh, Palestinian politician, political leader of Hamas (born 1962/1963)

• 2026 Glenn A. Baker, Australian journalist and author (born 1952)

• 2026 Franco Baresi, Italian footballer (born 1960)

• 2026 Jakob Butturff, American bowler (born 1994)

Holidays and observances

Christian feast day:

• Abanoub

• Blessed Cecília Schelingová

• Blessed Solanus Casey

• Fabius

• Germanus of Auxerre

• Giustino de Jacobis

• Helena of Skövde

• Ignatius of Loyola

• Neot

• July 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

• Earliest day on which the Feast of Kamál (Perfection) can fall, while August 1 is the latest; observed on the first day of the eighth month of the Baháʼí calendar. (Baháʼí Faith)

• End of the Trinity term (sitting of the High Court of Justice of England)

Lā Hae Hawaiʻi Day (Hawaii, United States), and its related observance:

• Sovereignty Restoration Day (Hawaiian sovereignty movement)

• Martyrdom Day of Shahid Udham Singh (Haryana and Punjab, India)

• Treasury Day (Poland)

• Warriors' Day (Malaysia)

References

External links