Wikipedia / 1944
Wikipedia / 1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
January 2 WWII:
Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in North Africa.
Landing at Saidor: 13,000 US and Australian troops land on Papua New Guinea in an attempt to cut off a Japanese retreat.
January 8 WWII: Philippine Commonwealth troops enter the province of Ilocos Sur in northern Luzon and attack Japanese forces.
United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposes a Second Bill of Rights for social and economic security, in his State of the Union address.
The Nazi German administration expands Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp into the larger standalone Konzentrationslager Plaszow bei Krakau in occupied Poland.
January 12 WWII: Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle begin a 2-day conference in Marrakesh.
January 14 WWII: Soviet troops start the offensive at Leningrad and Novgorod.
WWII: The 27th Polish Home Army Infantry Division is re-created, marking the start of Operation Tempest by the Polish Home Army, a resistance force.
1944 San Juan earthquake: An earthquake hits San Juan, Argentina, killing an estimated 10,000 people, in the worst natural disaster in Argentina's history.
The Battle of Monte Cassino begins in Italy. British forces cross the Garigliano River. U.S. Fifth Army troops, commanded by Lieutenant-General Mark W. Clark, arrive at the Garigliano, to begin their attack against the Gustav Line south of Rome. The French Expeditionary Corps, under command of General Alphonse Juin, moves into the mountains north of Monte Cassino.
The Soviet Union ceases production of the Mosin–Nagant 1891/30 sniper rifle.
January 17 WWII: The Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy begins in the Soviet Ukraine.
January 20 WWII:
The Royal Air Force drops 2,300 tons of bombs on Berlin.
The United States 36th Infantry Division in Italy attempts to cross the Rapido River.
January 22 WWII: Operation Shingle: The Allies begin the assault on Anzio, Italy. The U.S. 45th Infantry Division stand their ground at Anzio against violent assaults for four months.
January 25 A total solar eclipse is visible in Pacific Ocean, South America, Atlantic Ocean and Africa, the 48th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 130.
January 26 WWII: Argentina gave in to the Allies' pressure, severing diplomatic relations with the Axis.
January 27 WWII:
The two-year Siege of Leningrad is lifted.
Light cruiser is sunk by a Henschel Hs 293 guided missile from a German aircraft off Anzio, western Italy, with the loss of 46 men.
January 29 WWII: Koniuchy massacre A unit of Soviet partisans accompanied by Jewish partisans kills at least 38 civilians in the village of Koniuchy in Nazi occupied Lithuania.
January 30 WWII:
The Battle of Cisterna opens as United States Army Rangers attempt to break out of the Anzio beachhead.
United States troops invade Majuro, Marshall Islands.
January 31 WWII: Battle of Kwajalein: American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.
February
The Zadran tribe rises up against the Afghan government, starting the Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947.
February 2 The first issue of Human Events is published in Washington, D.C.
February 3 WWII: United States 4th Marine Division with the help of the 7th Infantry Division capture the Marshall Islands.
February 7 WWII: At Anzio, German forces launch a counteroffensive.
February 8 WWII:
2,765 drown when American submarine torpedoes Japanese troop transport Lima Maru.
2,670 drown when British submarine torpedoes German-captured carrying Italian prisoners of war.
February 14 WWII: An anti-Japanese revolt breaks out on Java.
February 15 WWII: Battle of Monte Cassino The monastery atop Monte Cassino is destroyed by Allied bombing.
February 17 WWII: Pacific War The Battle of Eniwetok begins when U.S. forces invade the atoll in the Marshall Islands.
February 18 WWII: British light cruiser is torpedoed and sunk by U-410 in the Mediterranean; 418 of her crew, including the captain, go down with the ship.
February 20 WWII:
The "Big Week" begins, with American bomber raids on German aircraft manufacturing centers.
The United States takes Eniwetok Atoll.
Norwegian heavy water sabotage: The Norwegian resistance sinks train ferry SF Hydro which is carrying a shipment of heavy water from the Vemork plant to Germany along Tinnsjå in Telemark.
February 22 WWII: The United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe is organized from the Eighth Air Force's strategic planning staff, subsuming strategic planning for all US Army Air Forces in Europe and Africa.
February 23 WWII:
Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush ("Operation Lentil"): Forced deportation of Chechens and Ingush people from North Caucasus to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia by the Soviet authorities begins.
The Battle of Eniwetok concludes when U.S. forces secure the last islands in the Eniwetok Atoll.
February 24 WWII: American submarine torpedoes Japanese transports and ; 7,998 drown.
Kurt Gerron was forced to begin shooting the Nazi propaganda film Theresienstadt in Theresienstadt concentration camp. He and many others who are featured in it are transferred to Auschwitz and gassed upon the film's completion.
Sue S. Dauser becomes the first woman appointed to the substantive rank of captain, in the United States Navy Nurse Corps.
February 29 WWII: Pacific War The Admiralty Islands campaign (Operation Brewer) opens when U.S. forces land on Los Negros Island in the Admiralty Islands.
March
March Austrian-born economist Friedrich Hayek publishes his book The Road to Serfdom in London.
March 1 WWII: American submarine torpedoes Japanese merchant cruiser ; 2,495 drown.
March 2 The 16th Academy Awards Ceremony is held, the first Oscar ceremony held at a large public venue, Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood. Casablanca, directed by Michael Curtiz, wins the Award for Best Picture.
WWII: The Order of Nakhimov and the Order of Ushakov are instituted in the USSR.
Italy: in one of the deadliest railway disasters in history, over 500 clandestine passengers die of carbon monoxide poisoning when a steam freight train stops in a railway tunnel near Balvano, Basilicata, Southern Italy.
March 4 Louis Buchalter, the leader of 1930s crime syndicate Murder, Inc., is executed at Sing Sing prison, in Ossining, New York, along with Emanuel Weiss and Louis Capone.
March 6 WWII: Soviet Army planes attack Narva, Estonia, destroying over 95% of the town.
March 9 WWII: Soviet Army planes attack Tallinn, Estonia, killing 757 and leaving 25,000 homeless.
In Britain, the prohibition on married women working as teachers is lifted.
March 11 - Resistance leader Joop Westerweel is arrested while returning to the Netherlands, having escorted a group of Jewish children to safety in Spain.
March 12 WWII: The Political Committee of National Liberation is created in Greece.
WWII: Battle of Monte Cassino: Allied aircraft bomb the monastery, and an assault is staged.
WWII: The National Council of the French Resistance approves the Resistance programme.
The Soviet Union introduces a new anthem, replacing The Internationale.
The last eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy kills 26, and causes thousands to flee their homes.
WWII: The Nazis execute almost 400 prisoners, Soviet citizens and anti-fascist Romanians at Rîbnița.
WWII: Operation Margarethe: German forces occupy Hungary.
The secular oratorio A Child of Our Time by Michael Tippett is premiered at the Adelphi Theatre in London.
March 20 – WWII:
Landing on Emirau: 4,000 United States Marines land on Emirau Island in the Bismarck Archipelago to develop an airbase, as part of Operation Cartwheel.
British Royal Air Force Flight Sergeant Nicholas Alkemade's bomber is hit over Germany, and he has to bail out without a parachute from a height of over . Tree branches interrupt his fall and he lands safely on deep snow.
March 23 WWII: Members of the Italian Resistance attack Nazis marching in Via Rasella, killing 33.
March 24 WWII:
Ardeatine massacre: In Rome, 335 Italians are killed, including 75 Jews and over 200 members of the Italian Resistance from various groups.
In Markowa, Poland, German police kill Józef and Wiktoria Ulm, their 6 children and 8 Jews they were hiding.
The "Great Escape": 76 Royal Air Force prisoners of war escape by tunnel "Harry" from Stalag Luft III in Silesia this night. Only 3 men (2 Norwegians and a Dutchman) return to the UK; of those recaptured, 50 are summarily executed soon afterwards, in the Stalag Luft III murders.
March 27 In Sweden, Ruben Rausing patents Erik Wallenberg's method of packaging milk in paper, origin of the international company Tetra Pak.
April
April 1 The Swiss city of Schaffhausen is accidentally bombed by the United States causing serious damage to the city and killing or wounding more than 100 people.
April 2 WWII: Ascq massacre Members of the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend shoot 85 civilians suspected of blowing up their train on its approach to the Gare d'Ascq in France.
April 4 WWII:
Allied bombardment of Bucharest, Romania begins. The United States Air Force and British Royal Air Force, with approximately 3,640 bombers of different types, accompanied by about 1,830 fighters bomb Romania for the following 4½ months. As collateral damage, 5,524 inhabitants are killed, 3,373 injured, and 47,974 left homeless.
An Allied photoreconnaissance aircraft of 60 Squadron SAAF photographs part of Auschwitz concentration camp.
The Holocaust: Rudolf Vrba and Alfréd Wetzler escape from Auschwitz concentration camp; on April 2527 they prepare the Vrba–Wetzler report, one of the earliest and most detailed descriptions of the extermination of Jews in the camp.
WWII: As part of the Odessa Offensive, the Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front liberated the city of Odessa in Southern Ukraine.
Bombay Explosion: Freighter SS Fort Stikine, carrying a mixed cargo of ammunition, cotton bales and gold, explodes in harbour at Bombay (India), sinking surrounding ships and killing around 1,300 people.
WWII: As part of the Japanese-supported Axis forces led by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, fighting for India's liberation from British rule, Col. Shaukat Ali Malik of the Bahadur Group of the Indian National Army enters Moirang in modern-day Manipur in northeastern India and raises the flag of the Azri Hukumat e-Azad Hind for the first time on Indian soil. This is considered to be one of the first times in British Indian history where an army of liberation raises the national flag on Indian mainland.
April 15 Italian fascist philosopher Giovanni Gentile is assassinated in Florence by Bruno Fanciullacci, a member of the partisan Gruppi di Azione Patriottica.
April 16 WWII: Allied forces start bombing Belgrade, killing about 1,100 people. This bombing falls on the Orthodox Christian Easter.
April 19 WWII:
The Japanese launch the Operation Ichi-Go offensive in central and south China.
Semaine rouge: American and British planes bomb the city of Rouen.
April 20 Members of the Slovene Home Guard swear an oath to Hitler on his birthday at Bežigrad Stadium.
April 22 WWII: Battle of Hollandia American forces disembark at Tanahmerah Bay and at Yos Sudarso Bay, near Hollandia. The landings are undertaken simultaneously with the amphibious invasion of Aitape ("Operation Persecution") to the east.
The Holocaust: SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann opens "blood for goods" negotiations with Joel Brand, to offer the release of thousands of Jews from eastern Europe to the Hungarian Aid and Rescue Committee, in exchange for supplies for the German Eastern Front.
The United Negro College Fund is incorporated in the United States.
April 26 WWII:
German General Kreipe is kidnapped on Crete, Greece.
American submarine torpedoes Japanese cargo carrier ; 2,649 drown.
April 28 WWII: Allied convoy T4, forming part of amphibious Exercise Tiger (a full-scale rehearsal for the Normandy landings) in Start Bay, off the Devon coast of England, is attacked by E-boats, resulting in the deaths of 749 American servicemen from LSTss.
May
May Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialist drama No Exit (Huis Clos) premières in Nazi-occupied Paris.
May 1 WWII: Two hundred Communist prisoners are shot by the Germans at Kaisariani, Athens, Greece, in reprisal for the killing of General Franz Krech by Partisans at Molaoi.
May 5 WWII: Mohandas Gandhi is released from jail in India, on health grounds.
May 9 WWII: In the Soviet city of Sevastopol, Soviet troops completely drive out German forces, who had been ordered by Hitler to "fight to the last man."
May 12 WWII: Soviet troops finalize the liberation of the Crimea.
May 14 The Holocaust: Predominantly Muslim Albanian troops of the 21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg (1st Albanian) round up 281 Jews in Priština, and hand them over to the Germans for transportation to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
May 15 WWII: Allied military and political leaders, including Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Dwight Eisenhower, George Patton, Bernard Montgomery and more, meet for the final D-Day joint briefing at St. Paul's School in London.
May 15July 8 The Holocaust: Hungarian Jews are deported to Auschwitz and other Nazi concentration camps.
May 17 WWII: Merrill's Marauders and Chinese troops (some 3,000 men) led by Brigadier General Frank Merrill capture Myitkyina airfield, after a 100-kilometer march over the Kumon Mountain range (using mules for carrying supplies).
May 18 WWII:
Battle of Monte Cassino: The Germans evacuate Monte Cassino and Allied forces, led by Władysław Anders from Polish II Corps, take the stronghold after a struggle that has claimed 20,000 lives.
May 20 WWII: Battle of Wakde: American forces of the 163rd Regimental Combat Team (some 1,500 men) under Brigadier General Jens Doe take the Japanese-held Wakde island (Dutch New Guinea).
May 24 WWII: West Loch disaster: Six LSTss are accidentally destroyed and 163 men killed, in Pearl Harbor.
May 30 Princess Charlotte Louise Juliette Louvet Grimaldi of Monaco, heir to the throne, resigns in favor of her son Prince Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi, who later reigns as Prince Rainier III of Monaco.
May 31 WWII: American destroyer escort sinks the sixth Japanese submarine in two weeks. This anti-submarine warfare performance remains unmatched through the 20th century.
June
June 1 Two K-class blimps of the United States Navy complete the first transatlantic crossing by non-rigid airshipss, from the U.S. to French Morocco, with two stops.
June 2 WWII: The Provisional Government of the French Republic is established.
June 3 Hans Asperger publishes his paper on Asperger syndrome.
June 4 WWII:
Rome falls to the Allies, the first of the Axis capitals to fall.
A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the , marking the first time a U.S. Navy vessel has captured an enemy vessel at sea since the War of 1812. Some significant intelligence data is acquired.
June 5 WWII:
The German navy's Enigma messages are decoded in England almost in real time.
British Group Captain James Stagg correctly forecasts a brief improvement in weather conditions over the English Channel, which will permit the following day's Normandy landings to take place (having been deferred from today due to unfavourable weather).
At 10:15p.m. local time, the BBC transmits coded messages including the second line of the Paul Verlaine poem "Chanson d'automne" to the French Resistance, indicating that the invasion of Europe is about to begin.
More than 1,000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast, in preparation for D-Day.
US and British airborne divisions drop into Normandy, in preparation for D-Day.
D-Day naval deceptions are launched.
June 6 WWII: D-Day: Approximately 160,000 Allied troops shipped from England land on the beaches of Normandy in northern France, beginning Operation Overlord and the Invasion of Normandy. The Allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland, in the largest amphibious military operation in history. This operation helps liberate France from Germany, and also weakens the Nazi hold on Europe.
June 7 WWII:
Bayeux is liberated by British troops.
Operation Perch, a British attempt to capture Caen from the Germans, commences; it is abandoned on June 14.
Joel Brand is intercepted by British agents in Aleppo.
June 9 WWII: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin launches the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive against Finland, with the intent of defeating Finland before pushing for Berlin.
The steamer Tanais, also known as Danae (), carrying 600 Cretans (including around 300 Greek Jews) on the first leg of the journey to Auschwitz, is sunk, with no known survivors, off Santorini.
June 10 WWII: Oradour-sur-Glane massacre: 642 men, women and children are killed in France in a reprisal attack by the Waffen-SS.
June 13 WWII: Germany launches the first V-1 flying bomb attack on London.
June 15 WWII: Battle of Saipan: United States forces land on Saipan.
June 15–16 WWII: Bombing of Yawata The United States Army Air Forces conduct the first air raid on the Japanese home islands.
June 16 At age 14, African-American teenage boy George Stinney Jr. becomes the youngest person ever executed by electric chair in the United States. His conviction was vacated 70 years later, in 2014, due to him not receiving a fair trial.
June 19 WWII: A severe storm badly damages the Mulberry harbours on the Normandy coast.
June 20 WWII: A V-2 rocket becomes the first man-made object to cross the Kármán line and reach the edge of space.
June 22 WWII:
Operation Bagration: A general attack by Soviet forces clears the German forces from Belarus, resulting in the destruction of German Army Group Centre, possibly the greatest defeat of the Wehrmacht during WWII.
Burma Campaign: The Battle of Kohima ends in a British victory.
June 23 The Holocaust: Maurice Rossel of the International Committee of the Red Cross visits Theresienstadt concentration camp, uncritically accepting the propaganda view of it presented by the Schutzstaffel.
June 25 WWII:
Battle of Tali-Ihantala (the largest battle ever in the Nordic countries): Finland is able to resist the Soviet attack, and thus manages to remain an independent nation.
Cherbourg is bombarded by ships of the United States Navy and British Royal Navy, in support of U.S. ground troops.
June 29 WWII: American submarine torpedoes Japanese troop transport ; 5,400 drown.
June 30 WWII: American submarine torpedoes Japanese troop transport ; 3,219 drown.
July
JulyOctober WWII: Germans are driven out of Lithuania leading to reimposition of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic.
July 1 The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference begins at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States.
July 3 WWII:
Soviet troops liberate Minsk.
Battle of Imphal: Japanese forces call off their advance, ending the battle with a British victory.
July 4 WWII: Operation Windsor: Canadian forces of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division attack Carpiquet airfield defended by German troops of the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend of Panzergruppe West.
July 6 WWII: At Camp Hood, Texas, future baseball star and 1st Lt. Jackie Robinson is arrested and later court-martialed, for refusing to move to the back of a segregated U.S. Army bus (he is eventually acquitted).
July 10–11 WWII: Operation Jupiter during the Battle of Normandy of World War II: British strategic victory over German Panzer Corps.
July 10 WWII: Soviet troops begin operations to liberate the Baltic countries from Nazi occupation.
July 1221 WWII: Dortan massacre 3536 French civilians are killed by Ostlegionen (Cossacks) serving with the Wehrmacht.
July 16 WWII:
Adolf Hitler departs Berchtesgaden for what will be the final time as he flies to the Wolf's Lair, aborting Operation Foxley, a British plot to assassinate him.
The first contingent of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force arrives in Italy.
July 17 WWII:
The largest convoy of the war embarks from Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, under Royal Canadian Navy protection.
Port Chicago disaster: The SS E. A. Bryan, loaded with ammunition, explodes at the Port Chicago, California, Naval Magazine, killing 320 sailors and civilian personnel.
July 18 WWII:
American forces push back the Germans in Saint-Lô, capturing the city.
British forces launch Operation Goodwood, an armoured offensive aimed at driving the Germans from the high ground to the south of Caen. The offensive ends 2 days later with minimal gains.
Hideki Tōjō resigns as Prime Minister of Japan due to numerous setbacks in the war effort and is succeeded on July 22 by Kuniaki Koiso.
WWII: Adolf Hitler survives the 20 July plot to assassinate him led by Claus von Stauffenberg; he and his fellow conspirators in this and Operation Valkyrie are executed the following day.
The annular solar eclipse of July 20, 1944 is visible in Africa, Indian Ocean, Asia, Pacific Ocean and Australia, and is the 35th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 135.
July 21 WWII:
Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam (the battle ends August 10).
The Soviet-sponsored Polish Committee of National Liberation is created, in opposition to the Polish government-in-exile.
The Bretton Woods Conference ends with agreements signed to set up the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and International Monetary Fund.
The new Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes the PKWN Manifesto in Chełm, calling for a continuation of fighting against Nazi Germany, radical reforms including nationalisation of industry, and a "decent border in the West" (the Oder–Neisse line).
United States v. Masaaki Kuwabara, the only Japanese American draft avoidance case to be dismissed on a due process violation of the U.S. Constitution.
July 23 The Holocaust: Majdanek concentration camp is liberated by the Soviet Red Army and much incriminating evidence of the atrocities committed there is found.
July 25 WWII:
Operation Spring: One of the bloodiest days for Canadian forces during the war results in 1,550 casualties, including 450 killed, during the Normandy Campaign.
Operation Cobra: American forces launch an air and ground offensive against the German defenders in western Normandy, forcing them to retreat.
Battle of Tannenberg Line (or "Battle of the Blue Hills") in northeastern Estonia begins: The Red Army will gain a Pyrrhic victory by August 10.
July 26 WWII: A Messerschmitt Me 262 becomes the first jet fighter aircraft to have an operational victory.
July 27 WWII: Soviet forces liberate Lvov, Stanislav and Białystok, and the following day enter Brest, Belarus.
July 30 WWII: Operation Bluecoat: British forces launch a ground offensive to secure the road junction of Vire and the high ground of Mont Pinçon.
July 31 WWII: American submarine torpedoes Japanese troop transport Yoshino Maru; 2,495 drown.
August
WWII: The Warsaw Uprising begins.
WWII: Soviet forces liberate Kaunas.
August 2 WWII:
Turkey ends diplomatic and economic relations with Germany.
The First Assembly of ASNOM (the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the People's Liberation of Macedonia) is held in the Prohor Pčinjski monastery.
August 3 The Education Act in the United Kingdom, promoted by Rab Butler, provides for the postwar education system, including free secondary education for children of both sexes and raising of the school leaving age to 15.
August 4 WWII:
The Holocaust: A tip from a Dutch informer leads the Gestapo to a sealed-off area in an Amsterdam warehouse, where they find Jewish diarist Anne Frank, her family, and others in hiding. All will die in captivity, except for Otto Frank, Anne's father.
The Finnish Parliament, by derogation, elects Marshal C. G. E. Mannerheim as President of Finland to replace Risto Ryti, who has resigned.
August 5 WWII:
The Warsaw Uprising:
The Wola massacre begins. Between now and August 12, 40,000 to 50,000 Polish civilians will be indiscriminately massacred by occupying SS troops.
The Holocaust: Polish insurgents liberate a German labor camp in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners.
Cowra breakout: Over 500 Japanese prisoners of war attempt a mass breakout from the Cowra camp in Australia. In the ensuing manhunt, 231 Japanese escapees and four Australian soldiers are killed.
August 7 IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the Harvard Mark I).
August 9 The United States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council release the first posters featuring Smokey Bear.
August 12 WWII:
The Allies capture Florence, Italy.
Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre: The Waffen-SS and Black Brigades paramilitaries murder about 560 civilians and refugees (including more than 100 children) in the Italian village of Sant'Anna di Stazzema, burn their bodies, and leave their houses semi-derelict.
In the Kara Sea, German submarine U-365 torpedoes the passenger-cargo ship Marina Raskova; 618 people die.
Operation Pluto: The world's first undersea oil pipeline is laid between England and France.
August 15 WWII: Operation Dragoon lands Allies in southern France. The U.S. 45th Infantry Division participates in its fourth assault landing at Sainte-Maxime, spearheading the drive for the Belfort Gap.
August 18 WWII: American submarine sinks Teia Maru, Eishin Maru, Teiyu Maruqq and aircraft carrier from Japanese convoy HI71, in one of the most effective American "wolfpack" attacks of the war.
August 19 WWII:
American submarine torpedoes Japanese landing craft depot ship ; more than 4,400 Japanese servicemen drown.
Liberation of Paris starts with resistance forces staging an insurrection against the German occupiers.
August 20 WWII:
American forces successfully defeat Nazi forces at Chambois, closing the Falaise Pocket.
168 captured Allied airmen, including Phil Lamason, accused of being "terror fliers" by the Gestapo, arrive at Buchenwald concentration camp, where they form the KLB Club.
The Dumbarton Oaks Conference (Washington Conversations on International Peace and Security Organization) opens in Washington, D.C.: U.S., British, Chinese, French and Soviet representatives meet to plan the foundation of the United Nations.
WWII: Operation Tractable concludes when Canadian troops relieve the Polish and link with the Americans, capturing remaining German forces in the Falaise Pocket, and securing the strategically important French town of Falaise, in the final offensive of the Battle of Normandy.
August 22 WWII:
, an unmarked Japanese passenger/cargo ship, is sunk by torpedoes launched by the submarine off Akuseki-jima, killing 1,484 civilians, including 767 schoolchildren.
Holocaust of Kedros: German Wehrmacht infantry begin an intimidatory razing operation, killing 164, against the civilian residents of nine villages in the Amari Valley on the occupied Greek island of Crete.
August 23 WWII:
King Michael's Coup: Ion Antonescu, Conducator of Romania, and Mihai Antonescu, Foreign Minister of Romania, are arrested and a new military government established. Romania leaves the war against the Soviet Union, joining the Allies. General Constantin Sanatescu is the "armed force" of the coup d'état and will be appointed by King Michael of Romania as prime minister of Romania on September 1.
Padule di Fucecchio massacre: At least 174 Italian civilians are killed by members of the 23rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht) as a reprisal for the wounding of two soldiers.
August 24 WWII:
Liberation of Paris: Forces of Free France are the first of the Allies to enter Paris.
As part of the Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive, the Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front liberates the city of Chișinău.
At Buchères in France, men of the 51st SS-Brigade massacre 68 civilians (half of them women) aged from 6 months to above seventy years.
Japanese vessels attack and sink the submarine off Luzon.
August 25 WWII:
German surrender of Paris:The Allies enter Paris in force and General Dietrich von Choltitz surrenders the city to them, in defiance of Hitler's orders to destroy it. This successfully completes Operation Overlord.
Maillé massacre: 124 civilians (70% women and children) are massacred by the Gestapo at Maillé, Indre-et-Loire.
Hungary decides to continue the war together with Germany.
The Red Ball Express convoy system begins operation, supplying tons of materiel to Allied forces in France.
August 28 WWII: Operation Dragoon The Free French Army liberates the cities of Marseille and Nice.
August 29 WWII: The Slovak National Uprising against the Axis powers begins.
WWII: The Romanian capital Bucharest is captured by the Red Army.
The Mad Gasser of Mattoon apparently resumes his mysterious attacks in Mattoon, Illinois for two weeks.
September
September The Dutch famine ("Hongerwinter") begins, in the occupied northern part of the Netherlands.
WWII: In Bulgaria, the Bagryanov government resigns. Konstantin Muraviev becomes new prime minister.
The last execution of a Finn in Finland will take place when soldier Olavi Laiho is executed by shooting in Oulu.
September 3 WWII: The Allies liberate Brussels and Lyon.
The Holocaust: Diarist Anne Frank and her family are placed on the last transport train from Westerbork to Auschwitz concentration camp, arriving 3 days later.
September 4 WWII:
The British 11th Armoured Division liberates the city of Antwerp, Belgium. The White Brigade of the Belgian Resistance ensures that the port facilities are largely intact, but they cannot be used until the Walcheren peninsila can be cleared of German troops.
Finland breaks off relations with Germany.
WWII: The Soviet Union declares war on Bulgaria.
Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg constitute Benelux as representatives of the exiled governments sign the London Customs Convention.
September 6 WWII: The Tartu Offensive in Estonia concludes, with Soviet forces capturing Tartu.
September 7 WWII:
The Belgian government in exile returns to Brussels from London.
Members of Vichy France's collaborationist government are relocated to Germany where an enclave is established for them in Sigmaringen Castle.
Shin'yō Maru incident: Japanese cargo ship is torpedoed and sunk in the Sulu Sea by American submarine USS Paddle while carrying 750 American prisoners of war; 688 perish.
September 8 WWII:
The first V-2 rocket attack on London takes place, launched from The Hague.
Soviet forces begin the one and a half month-long Battle of the Dukla Pass.
The French town of Menton is liberated from German forces.
Bulgaria declares war on Germany.
September 9 WWII: The Bulgarian government is overthrown by the Fatherland Front coalition, which establishes a pro-Soviet government.
September 10 WWII: Liberation of Luxembourg.
September 11 WWII:
The Laksevåg floating dry dock at Bergen (Norway) is sunk by British X-class submarine X-24.
An approaching formation of 36 US bombers is engaged by a German fighter squadron (Jagdgeschwader) in the Battle over the Ore Mountains. After the first German attack on the bombers, US Mustangs attack the German squadron in aerial dogfights.
September 12 WWII: Allied forces from Operation Overlord (in northern France) and Operation Dragoon (in the south) link up near Dijon.
September 13 WWII: The Battle of Meligalas begins, between the Greek Resistance forces of the Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) and the collaborationist Security Battalions.
WWII: The Baltic offensive of Soviet troops begins.
The Great Atlantic hurricane makes landfall killing 390 people from North Carolina to New England.
September 15 WWII: The Battle of Peleliu begins in the Pacific.
September 17 WWII: Operation Market Garden: Allied airborne landings begin in the Netherlands and Germany.
September 1720 WWII: Italian Campaign In the Battle of San Marino, British and Empire forces take the occupied neutral republic of San Marino from the German Army.
September 18 WWII:
British submarine torpedoes Japanese "hell ship" ; 5,620 drown.
After German forces declare the evacuation of Estonia the day before, the Estonian national government briefly resumes control of Tallinn before the Soviet advance.
September 19 WWII:
The Moscow Armistice between Finland and the Soviet Union is signed, ending the Continuation War.
The Battle of Hürtgen Forest begins, east of the Belgian–German border.
September 22 WWII: The Red Army captures Tallinn, Estonia. Prime Minister in Duties of the President of Estonia Jüri Uluots and 80,000 Estonian civilians manage to escape to Sweden and Germany. The evacuees include almost the entire population of Estonian Swedes. Soviet bombing raids on the evacuating ships sink several, with thousands on board.
September 24 WWII: The U.S. 45th Infantry Division takes the strongly defended city of Épinal in France before crossing the Moselle River and entering the western foothills of the Vosges.
September 26 WWII:
Operation Market Garden ends in an Allied withdrawal.
On the middle front of the Gothic Line, Brazilian troops control the Serchio valley region after 10 days of fighting.
October
October 2 WWII:
Nazi troops end the Warsaw Uprising. Home Army commander Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski signs the act of capitulation. This is followed by the Destruction of Warsaw.
Battle of the Scheldt begins.
October 4 WWII: Milan Nedić's collaborationist puppet government of the Axis powers, the Government of National Salvation in Nazi-occupied Serbia, is disbanded.
October 5 WWII: Royal Canadian Air Force pilots from 401 Squadron shoot down the first German Me 262 over the Netherlands.
WWII: The Battle of Debrecen starts on the Eastern Front, lasting until October 29.
Milan Nedić, president of the Serbian collaborationist puppet state of the Axis powers, the Government of National Salvation, flees from Belgrade in Nazi-occupied Serbia by air together with other Serbian collaborators and German officials, via Hungary to Austria.
The Dumbarton Oaks Conference concludes.
October 7 The Holocaust: Members of the Sonderkommando – a special detachment of Jewish prisoners who are forced to empty the gas chambers after a mass gassing and undertake the burning of the bodies – organises the only armed revolt that ever takes place in Auschwitz concentration camp. They succeed in destroying the gas chambers and Crematorium IV. The Waffen-SS murders more than 450 prisoners who take part in the revolt.
October 8 The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet radio show debuts in the United States.
October 9 WWII: Fourth Moscow Conference: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin begin a 9-day conference in Moscow, to discuss the future of Europe.
The Holocaust/Porajmos: 800 Romani children are systematically murdered at the Auschwitz concentration camp.
WWII: 10/10 Air Raid: Allied forces inflict significant losses upon Imperial Japanese Navy ships moored in Naha Harbor, destroying much of the city of Naha, Okinawa as well.
WWII: Soviet forces reach the Baltic Sea coast in Lithuania, cutting off German Army Group North and creating the Courland Pocket.
October 11 The Tuvan People's Republic is annexed into the Soviet Union.
WWII: The Germans leave Athens, as the first Allied troops and Greek guerrillas enter the city
Canadian Arctic explorer Henry Larsen returns to Vancouver, becoming the first person successfully to navigate the Northwest Passage in both directions, in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police schooner . His westbound voyage is the first completed in a single season, and the first passage through the Prince of Wales Strait.
October 13 WWII:
October 14 WWII: German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel commits forced suicide rather than face public disgrace and execution for allegedly conspiring against Adolf Hitler.
October 1516 WWII: In Hungary, with the support of German troops, a coup d'état takes place: the fascist government of Ferenc Szálasi comes to power, ordering the troops to continue the fight against the Soviet army.
October 16 WWII: American bombing of Salzburg destroys the dome of the city's cathedral and most of a Mozart family home.
October 18 WWII: The Volkssturm Nazi militia is founded, on Adolf Hitler's orders.
October 19 The Guatemalan Revolution begins with the overthrow of Federico Ponce Vaides by a popular leftist movement.
October 20 WWII:
Belgrade Offensive ends when Belgrade is liberated by Yugoslav Partisans, together with the Bulgarian Army and the Red Army, and the remnants of Nedić's collaborationist Serbian puppet state, the Government of National Salvation, are abolished.
American and Filipino troops (with Filipino guerrillas) begin the Battle of Leyte in the Philippines. American forces land on Red Beach in Palo, Leyte, as General Douglas MacArthur returns to the Philippines with Philippine Commonwealth president Sergio Osmeña and Armed Forces of the Philippines Generals Basilio J. Valdes and Carlos P. Romulo. American forces land on the beaches in Dulag, Leyte, accompanied by Filipino troops entering the town, and fiercely opposed by the Japanese occupation forces. The combined forces liberate Tacloban.
Operation Pheasant begins – an offensive in the Netherlands which supports the ongoing Battle of the Scheldt.
October 21 WWII: Aachen, the first German city to fall, is captured by American troops.
October 2326 WWII: Naval Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Philippines – In the largest naval battle in history by most criteria and the last naval battle in history between battleships, combined United States and Australian naval forces decisively defeat the Imperial Japanese Navy.
Battle of Leyte Gulf: The is sunk by United States aircraft.
The Allies recognise Charles de Gaulle's cabinet as the provisional government of France.
WWII: The Red Army liberates Kirkenes, the first town in Norway to be liberated.
WWII: is sunk in the Formosa Strait by one of her own torpedoes. Medal of Honor-winning submarine ace Richard O'Kane becomes a prisoner of war.
WWII: Japanese aircraft launch their first organized kamikaze attack on United States ships during the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
76-year-old American amateur soprano Florence Foster Jenkins gives a sell-out public recital in Carnegie Hall, New York. The audience and press are scathing: "she can sing everything except notes". 5 days later she suffers a fatal heart attack, dying at home on November 26.
October 27 WWII: German forces capture Banská Bystrica, the center of anti-Nazi opposition in Slovakia, bringing the Slovak National Uprising to an end.
The Holocaust: Anne Frank and her sister Margot are deported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
Appalachian Spring, a ballet by Martha Graham with music by Aaron Copland, debuts at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., with Graham in the lead role.
October 31 Serial killer Dr Marcel Petiot is apprehended at a Paris Métro station after 7 months on the run.
November
November 1–December 7 Delegates of 52 nations meet at the International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago, to plan for postwar international cooperation, framing the constitution of the International Civil Aviation Organization.
November 3 WWII: Two supreme commanders of the Slovak National Uprising, Generals Ján Golian and Rudolf Viest, are captured, tortured and later executed by German forces.
1944 United States presidential election: Franklin D. Roosevelt wins reelection over Republican challenger Thomas E. Dewey, becoming the only U.S. president elected to a fourth term.
Election day rail accident in Puerto Rico: A passenger train derails at Aguadilla due to excessive speed on a downgrade; 16 are killed, 50 injured.
November 8 WWII: A German surrender of Middelburg, Zeeland, to Allied forces ends the Battle of the Scheldt after five weeks, opening the Belgian port of Antwerp to Allied shipping. The bulk of the fighting has been by Canadians, with over 6,000 casualties.
November 10 WWII: Ammunition ship disintegrates from the accidental detonation of 3,800 tons of cargo, in the Seeadler Harbor fleet anchorage at Manus Island. 22 small boats are destroyed, 36 nearby ships damaged, 432 men are killed and 371 more are injured.
November 11 The 1942–44 musicians' strike ends in the United States when RCA Victor and Columbia Records capitulate to the union's demands.
November 12 WWII: Operation Catechism is sunk by British Royal Air Force Lancaster bombers near Tromsø in Norway. Estimated casualties range from 950 to 1,204.
November 14 WWII: American submarine torpedoes Japanese aircraft carrier Akitsu Maru in the East China Sea; 2,246 drown.
WWII: U.S. forces begin the month-long Operation Queen in the Rur Valley.
The Jussi Awards, the Finnish film award ceremony, is held for the first time at Restaurant Adlon in Helsinki.
November 17 WWII: Partisan troops of the National Liberation Movement enter Tirana, the capital of Albania.
The Popular Socialist Youth is founded in Cuba.
WWII: American submarine torpedoes Japanese landing craft depot ship ; 3,546 drown.
Conscription Crisis: Prime Minister of Canada William Mackenzie King agrees a one-time conscription levy in Canada for overseas service.
Laurence Olivier's film Henry V, based on Shakespeare's play, opens in London. It is the most acclaimed and the most successful movie version of a Shakespeare play made up to this time, and the first in Technicolor. Olivier both stars and directs.
November 23 Alsace campaign: Allied troops liberates city of Strasbourg.
November 24 WWII: German forces evacuate from the West Estonian Archipelago.
RAF Fauld explosion: Between 3,450 and 3,930 tons (3,500 and 4,000 tonnes) of ordnance explodes at an underground storage depot in Staffordshire, England, leaving about 75 dead and a crater across and deep. The blast is one of the largest non-nuclear explosions in history, and the largest on UK soil.
Operation Tigerfish: Royal Air Force bombing of Freiburg im Breisgau kills 2,800.
November 29 WWII: American submarine sinks Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano, the largest carrier built to this date, and will remain through the twentieth century the largest ship sunk by a submarine.
December
December 1 Edward Stettinius, Jr. becomes the last United States Secretary of State of the Roosevelt administration, filling the seat left by Cordell Hull.
December 3 WWII:
Dekemvriana: Fighting breaks out between Communists and royalists in newly liberated Greece, eventually leading to a full-scale Greek Civil War.
The Home Guard (United Kingdom) is stood down.
The Convention on International Civil Aviation is signed in Chicago, creating the International Civil Aviation Organization.
The Arab Women's Congress of 1944 is hosted by the Egyptian Feminist Union in Cairo, leading to establishment of the Arab Feminist Union.
1944 Tōnankai earthquake: An earthquake along the coast of Wakayama Prefecture in Japan causes a tsunami which kills 1223 people.
December 10 Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini leads a concert performance of the first half of Beethoven's Fidelio (minus its spoken dialogue) on NBC Radio, starring Rose Bampton. He chooses this opera for its political message: a statement against tyranny and dictatorship. Presenting it in German, Toscanini intends it as a tribute to the German people who are being oppressed by Hitler. The second half is broadcast a week later. The performance is later released on LP and CD, the first of 7 operas that Toscanini conducts on radio.
December 12–13 WWII: British units attempt to take the Italian hilltop town of Tossignano, but are repulsed.
December 13 WWII:
Battle of Mindoro United States, Australian and Philippine Commonwealth troops land on Mindoro Island in the Philippines.
Battle of Metz After three months of fighting, American troops led by General George S. Patton liberate the city of Metz.
The Soviet government changes Turkish place names to Russian in Crimea.
The film National Velvet is released in the United States, bringing a young Elizabeth Taylor to stardom.
December 15 A USAAF utility aircraft carrying bandleader Major Glenn Miller disappears in heavy fog over the English Channel, while flying to Paris.
December 16 WWII:
Germany begins the Ardennes offensive, later known as the Battle of the Bulge.
Cinema Rex bombing: a German V-2 rocket (fired from the Netherlands) lands directly on a cinema in Antwerp (Allied-occupied Belgium), killing 567 people including 296 U.S. servicemen and up to 74 children, the single highest death total from a single rocket attack during the war.
General George C. Marshall becomes the first U.S. Five-Star General.
December 17 WWII:
Malmedy massacre: German SS troops under Joachim Peiper machine gun American prisoners of war captured during the Battle of the Bulge near Malmedy, and elsewhere in Belgium.
Bombing of Ulm: 707 people are killed and 25,000 left homeless.
December 18 General Douglas MacArthur becomes the second U.S. Five-Star General.
December 19 The daily newspaper Le Monde begins publication in Paris.
The United States Women Airforce Service Pilots are disbanded.
General Dwight D. Eisenhower is promoted to the rank of U.S. Five-Star General.
WWII: Brigadier General Anthony C. McAuliffe, commander of the U.S. forces defending Bastogne, refuses to accept demands for surrender by sending a one-word reply, "Nuts!", to the German command.
The Vietnam People's Army is formed in French Indochina.
WWII: Troopship is sunk in the English Channel by . Approximately 763 soldiers of the U.S. 66th Infantry Division, bound for the Battle of the Bulge, drown.
WWII: German tanks reach the furthest point of the Bulge at Celles.
WWII: Fifty German V-1 flying bombs, air-launched from Heinkel He 111 bombers flying over the North Sea, target Manchester in England, killing 42 and injuring more than 100 in the Oldham area.
WWII: Bande massacre: 34 men between the ages of 17 and 32 are executed by the Sicherheitsdienst near Bande, Belgium, in retaliation for the killing of 3 German soldiers.
The first complete U.S. production of Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker is presented in San Francisco, choreographed by Willam Christensen. It will become an annual tradition there, and for the next ten years, the San Francisco Ballet will be the only company in the United States performing the complete work.
December 24–26 Agana race riot in Guam between white and black United States Marines.
WWII: American troops repulse German forces at Bastogne.
The original stage version of The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams premieres in Chicago.
Esztergom, Hungary, is captured by Soviet forces, beginning the Siege of Budapest.
King George II of Greece declares a regency, leaving his throne vacant.
Stage Door Cartoon is the first cartoon produced by Eddie Selzer.
December 31 WWII: Battle of Leyte Tens of thousands of Imperial Japanese Army soldiers are killed in action, in a significant Filipino/Allied military victory.
Date unknown
The 1944 Summer Olympics, scheduled for London (together with the February Winter Olympics scheduled for Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy), are suspended due to WWII.
The National Committee for Education on Alcoholism, predecessor of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, is established in the United States by Marty Mann.
Last known evidence of the existence of the Asiatic lion in the wild in Khuzestan Province, Persia.
The BC Žalgiris professional basketball club is founded in Kaunas, Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic.
Births
January
Jumabek Ibraimov, 5th Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (d. 1999)
Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Pakistani politician, 15th Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2020)
Robert Lee Minor, American actor, stunt performer
Muhammad Naji al-Otari, Syrian politician, 41st Prime Minister of Syria
Prince Norodom Ranariddh, Cambodian politician (d. 2021)
Lowell M. Snow, General authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)
Willy Dobbe, Dutch television presenter and announcer
Chris von Saltza, American swimmer
Raewyn Connell, Australian sociologist and professor
Frank Alesia, American actor and television director (d. 2011)
Charlie Manuel, American baseball player and manager
Angela Harris, Baroness Harris of Richmond, British politician
January 5 – Carolyn McCarthy, American nurse and politician (d. 2025)
Bonnie Franklin, American actress, singer, dancer and television director (d. 2013)
Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Swiss immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
January 7 Mike Hebert, American volleyball coach (d. 2019)
Terry Brooks, American fantasy fiction writer
Joan Lefkow, senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
Harun Farocki, German filmmaker, author and lecturer (d. 2014)
Ian Hornak, American painter, draughtsman and sculptor (d. 2002)
Jimmy Page, English rock guitarist (Led Zeppelin)
Rory Byrne, South African engineer and car designer
William Sanderson, American actor
Frank Sinatra Jr., American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2016)
January 11 – Jim McAndrew, American baseball player (d. 2024)
Joe Frazier, African-American boxer (d. 2011)
Vlastimil Hort, Czechoslovak-born German chess Grandmaster
Carlos Villagrán, Mexican actor and comedian
Klaus Wedemeier, German politician
January 13 – Chris von Saltza, American swimmer
Jan Guillou, Swedish author
Françoise Hardy, French singer (d. 2024)
Shelley Fabares, American actress, singer
Dan Reeves, American football player and coach (d. 2022)
Isao Okano, Japanese judoka
Chuck Domanico, American jazz bassist (d. 2002)
Sergei Belov, Soviet basketball player (d. 2013)
Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor, writer and environmentalist (d. 2019)
David Gerrold, American screenwriter and novelist
Klaus Nomi, German singer (d. 1983)
Sally Beauman, English journalist and novelist (d. 2016)
Evan Chandler, American screenwriter and dentist (suicide 2009)
Angela Davis, African-American political activist, academic and author
Jerry Sandusky, American child molester, Penn State football coach
Peter Akinola, Nigerian religious leader
Mairead Maguire, Northern Irish peace activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
Nick Mason, English rock drummer (Pink Floyd)
Susan Howard, American actress
Rosalía Mera, Spanish fashion retailer (Zara) (d. 2013)
John Tavener, English composer (d. 2013)
January 29 – Susana Giménez, Argentinian television presenter
February
Paul Blair, American baseball player (d. 2013)
Andrew Davis, English conductor (d. 2024)
Geoffrey Hughes, English actor (d. 2012)
Oqil Oqilov, Tajikistani politician, 7th Prime Minister of Tajikistan
February 3 – Wayne Comer, American baseball player (d. 2023)
Punch Gunalan, Malaysian badminton star (d. 2012)
Maruja Carrasco, Spanish botanist and academic (d. 2018)
Al Kooper, American rock musician (Blood, Sweat & Tears)
Thekla Carola Wied, German actress
Bunky Henry, American professional golfer (d. 2018)
Roger Lloyd-Pack, English actor (d. 2014)
Tony Minson, British virologist and academic
February 9 – Alice Walker, African-American novelist, writer, poet and activist
Peter Allen, Australian-born Academy Award-winning composer and lyricist (d. 1992)
Jean-Daniel Cadinot, French photographer, director and producer (d. 2008)
Clifford T. Ward, English singer-songwriter (d. 2001)
February 11 – Michael G. Oxley, American politician (d. 2016)
Moe Bandy, American country music singer
Claudia Mori, Italian producer, actress and singer
Stockard Channing, American actress
Michael Ensign, American actor
Jerry Springer, English-born American politician and television personality (d. 2023)
Sheldon Silver, American politician, attorney and convicted felon (d. 2022)
Carl Bernstein, American journalist
Marie-Denise Fabien Jean-Louis, Haitian physician and politician
Sir Alan Parker, English film director, producer, actor and writer (d. 2020)
Hong Shin-seon, Korean poet
Mick Avory, English rock drummer (The Kinks)
Dzhokhar Dudayev, Chechen leader, first President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (d. 1996)
Rommy Hunt Revson, singer and inventor (d. 2022)
Aleksandr Serebrov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2013)
Nusli Wadia, Indian billionaire businessman and the chairman of the Wadia Group
Richard Ford, American fiction writer
António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (d. 2016)
Quraish Shihab, Indonesian Muslim scholar
Karl Jenkins, Welsh composer
Bernie Grant, British Labour Party MP (d. 2000)
February 19 – Donald F. Glut, American writer, film director and screenwriter
Abdul Hamid Zainal Abidin, Malaysian politician and diplomat (d. 2014)
Willem van Hanegem, Dutch footballer and coach
Jonathan Demme, American film director, producer and writer (d. 2017)
Tom Okker, Dutch tennis player
Christopher Meyer, British diplomat (d. 2022 in France)
Robert Kardashian, American attorney and businessman (d. 2003)
Tucker Smallwood, American actor, author, and vocalist
Johnny Winter, American rock musician (d. 2014)
Bernard Cornwell, British-American historical novelist
Ivica Račan, Croatian politician (d. 2007)
David J. Wineland, American Nobel-laureate physicist
Nicky Hopkins, English rock keyboardist (d. 1994 in the United States)
February 25 – François Cevert, French racing driver (d. 1973)
Ken Grimwood, American fantasy fiction writer (d. 2003)
Roger Scruton, English philosopher and writer (d. 2020)
Fanny Cano, Mexican actress and producer (d. 1983)
Sepp Maier, German footballer
Kelly Bishop, American actress and dancer
Dennis Farina, American actor (d. 2013)
Phyllis Frelich, American deaf actress (d. 2014)
March
John Breaux, American politician
Roger Daltrey, English singer-songwriter (The Who), actor
Uschi Glas, German actress
Leif Segerstam, Finnish conductor and composer (d. 2024)
Odessa Cleveland, American actress (M*A*S*H)
Chen Chieh-ju, Taiwanese disability rights activist and politician
Harvey Postlethwaite, English engineer and race car designer (d. 1999)
Bobby Womack, African-American singer and songwriter (d. 2014)
March 5 Peter Brandes, Danish artist
Dame Kiri Te Kanawa, New Zealand soprano
Mary Wilson, African-American singer (The Supremes) (d. 2021)
Michael Rosbash, American geneticist and chronobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Townes Van Zandt, American country singer (d. 1997)
Ranulph Fiennes, English adventurer
Buzz Hargrove, Canadian labour leader
Carole Bayer Sager, American lyricist, singer, songwriter, and painter
Graham Lyle, Grammy-winning Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist, known for writing several international hits for Tina Turner
Don Maclean, English comedian and broadcaster
Richard McGeagh, American Olympic swimmer and water polo player (d. 2021)
Emmerich Danzer, Austrian figure skater
Ralph MacDonald, American percussionist, songwriter (d. 2011)
Pattie Boyd, English model and first wife of George Harrison and Eric Clapton
John Sebastian, American singer-songwriter (The Lovin' Spoonful)
March 18 – Dick Smith, Australian entrepreneur
Sirhan Sirhan, Palestinian assassin of Robert F. Kennedy
Erwin Neher, German biophysicist
Camille Cosby, American television producer and philanthropist
Mike Jackson, British Army officer
March 23 Ric Ocasek, American singer-songwriter and record producer (The Cars) (d. 2019)
March 24 R. Lee Ermey, American actor and Marine drill instructor (d. 2018)
March 26 Diana Ross, African-American actress and singer
Ann Sidney, British actress and Miss World
Rick Barry, American basketball player
Ken Howard, American actor (d. 2016)
Denny McLain, American baseball player
Angus King, American politician
April
Rusty Staub, American baseball player and coach (d. 2018)
Theo Hiddema, Dutch lawyer, media personality and politician
April 3 Tony Orlando, American pop singer-songwriter, producer and actor
Faisal bin Musaid, assassin and nephew of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia (d. 1975)
Craig T. Nelson, American actor
Phyllida Barlow, British sculptor (d. 2023)
Peter T. King, American politician
Willeke van Ammelrooy, Dutch actress and director
Judith McConnell, American actress
Anita Pallenberg, Italian-born model and actress (d. 2017)
Charles Sobhraj, French-Indian serial killer
Shel Bachrach, American insurance broker, investor, businessman and philanthropist
Makoto Kobayashi, Japanese physicist
Oshik Levi, Israeli singer and actor
Burny Bos, Dutch producer, scenarist and children's book writer.
Odd Nerdrum, Norwegian painter
Jimmy Walker, American professional basketball player (d. 2007)
April 11 John Milius, American film director, producer and screenwriter
April 12 – Lisa Jardine, historian and polymath (d. 2015)
Jack Casady, American rock musician (Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna)
Brian Pendleton, British guitarist (d. 2001)
April 14 Nguyễn Phú Trọng, Vietnamese politician, General Secretary of the Communist Party and President (d. 2024)
Kunishige Kamamoto, Japanese footballer, manager and politician (d. 2025)
Dave Edmunds, Welsh singer-songwriter, guitarist and record producer
Isao Shibata, Japanese baseball player
Robert Hanssen, American double agent (d. 2023)
Bernie Worrell, American keyboardist, composer (Parliament-Funkadelic) (d. 2016)
James Heckman, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
Robert Holmes Bell, American district judge (d. 2023)
Thein Sein, Burmese politician, 8th President of Myanmar
Doyle Lawson, American traditional bluegrass and Southern gospel musician
April 21 – Paul Geremia, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
April 22 Steve Fossett, American millionaire aviator, sailor and adventurer (d. 2007)
April 23 – Timothy Garden, Baron Garden, RAF pilot and politician (d. 2007)
April 24 Tony Visconti, American record producer, musician and singer
Len Goodman, British ballroom dancer and television personality (d. 2023)
Park Soo-il, South Korean former footballer and football manager (d. 2008)
Amien Rais, Indonesian politician
Larry H. Miller, American sports owner (Utah Jazz; d. 2009)
April 27 Cuba Gooding Sr., American actor and singer (d. 2017)
April 28 Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe, Belgian politician
Richard Kline, American actor and television director
Francis Lee, English footballer (d. 2023)
Liu Chuanzhi, Chinese entrepreneur
Rudi Assauer, German footballer and manager (d. 2019)
Jill Clayburgh, American actress (d. 2010)
May
Costa Cordalis, German singer (d. 2019)
Suresh Kalmadi, Indian politician (d. 2026)
Marva Whitney, American singer (d. 2012)
May 2 Gloria Lizárraga de Capriles, Venezuelan politician (d. 2021)
May 3 – Rusty Wier, American singer-songwriter (d. 2009)
Walker Boone, Canadian actor (d. 2021)
Russi Taylor, American actress (d. 2019)
Roger Rees, Welsh actor and director (d. 2015)
John Rhys-Davies, Welsh actor
May 6 – Mike Coulman, English dual-code rugby international (d. 2023)
May 7 – Richard O'Sullivan, English comedy actor
Gary Glitter (Paul Gadd), English glam rock singer and paedophile
David Vaughan, psychedelic artist (d. 2003)
Richie Furay, American rock singer-songwriter (Poco, Buffalo Springfield)
Lars Norén, Swedish playwright, novelist and poet (d. 2021)
Laurence Owen, American figure skater (d. 1961)
Jim Abrahams, American film director
Jackie Lomax, English rock singer-songwriter, guitarist (d. 2013)
Sara Kestelman, English actress
Chris Patten, British politician
Armistead Maupin, American fiction writer
Carolyn Franklin, American soul singer-songwriter (d. 1988)
Connie Lawn, American journalist (d. 2018)
George Lucas, American film director and producer
May 15 Ulrich Beck, German sociologist (d. 2015)
May 16 Danny Trejo, Hispanic-American actor
May 17 Jesse Winchester, American-Canadian country singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
Marianne Battani, American jurist (d. 2021)
Albert Hammond, British-Gibraltarian singer, songwriter and record producer
Peter Mayhew, English-American actor (d. 2019)
Jaan Talts, Estonian-Soviet weightlifter
Joe Cocker, English rock singer (d. 2014)
Boudewijn de Groot, Batavian-born Dutch folk singer-songwriter
Pekka Siitoin, Finnish neo-Nazi and Satanist (d. 2003)
May 22 Roberto A. Abad, Filipino lawyer
John Newcombe, Australian tennis player
Avraham Oz, Israeli theater professor, translator and political activist
Patti LaBelle, American singer, actress and entrepreneur
David Mark Berger, Israeli weightlifter (d. 1972)
Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg, Dutch ancient historian
Dominique Lavanant, French film and theatrical actress
May 26 Jan Schakowsky, U.S. Representative, Illinois's 9th congressional district
Chris Dodd, American politician
Jon Brittenum, American football player (d. 2022)
Alain Souchon, French singer-songwriter and actor
Rudy Giuliani, American politician, Mayor of New York City
Gladys Knight, American singer
Sondra Locke, American actress and director (d. 2018)
Rita MacNeil, Canadian folk singer (d. 2013)
Gary Stewart, American country rock singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2003)
Patricia Quinn (Lady Stephens), Northern Irish actress
May 29 Helmut Berger, Austrian actor (d. 2023)
May 30 Meredith MacRae, American actress (d. 2000)
June
Robert Powell, English actor
Rafael Viñoly, Uruguayan-born architect (d. 2023)
Colin Blakemore, neurobiologist (d. 2022)
Garo Yepremian, American football player (d. 2015)
Marvin Hamlisch, American composer and conductor (d. 2012)
Edith McGuire, American sprinter
Peter Bonfield, British businessman
June 4 Michelle Phillips, American singer and actress
Colm Wilkinson, Irish actor and singer
Whitfield Diffie, American cryptographer
Reuven Bulka, Canadian rabbi, writer, broadcaster and activist (d. 2021)
Edgar Froese, German electronic musician (d. 2015)
Bud Harrelson, American baseball player (d. 2024)
Phillip Allen Sharp, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Tommie Smith, American athlete
Annette Lu, Taiwanese politician, 8th Vice President of the Republic of China
Cazzie Russell, American former professional basketball player and coach
Mark Belanger, American baseball player (d. 1998)
Marc Ouellet, Canadian cardinal
Boz Scaggs, American singer and guitarist
Ze'ev Friedman, Israeli weightlifter (d. 1972)
Eegje Schoo, Dutch politician and diplomat
June 11 – Alan Howarth, Baron Howarth of Newport, English politician, Minister for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries
June 13 Ban Ki-moon, South Korean politician and 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations
June 15 Malaysia Vasudevan, Tamil playback singer and actor (d. 2011)
June 16 Henri Richelet, French painter (d. 2020)
June 17 Bill Rafferty, American comedian and impressionist (d. 2012)
Rick Griffin, American graphic artist (d. 1991)
Sandy Posey, American pop singer
Bonar Sianturi, Indonesian army officer (d. 2022)
June 19 Chico Buarque, Brazilian singer-songwriter
Carmen Cardinali, Chilean professor, governor of Rapa Nui
Franco Cordova, Italian international football player
Corinna Tsopei, Greek actress, model and beauty queen, winner of Miss Universe 1964
Sir Ray Davies, English rock singer-songwriter, co-founder of The Kinks
Kenny O'Dell, American country singer-songwriter (d. 2018)
Tony Scott, English film director (d. 2012)
Luigi Sgarbozza, Italian road racing cyclist
Chris Wood, English rock musician (Traffic) (d. 1983)
Ercole Gualazzini, Italian professional road bicycle racer
Gérard Mourou, French electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics
Silvestre Bello III, Filipino businessman and lawyer
Gan Ee Kiang, Malaysian pharmacologist
Dionys Baeriswyl, Swiss theoretical physicist (d. 2023)
Dennis Butler, English footballer and football manager
John "Charlie" Whitney, English guitarist
June 25 Ricardo Salgado, Portuguese economist and banker
Paul Koslo, German-Canadian actor (d. 2019)
Zezé Motta, Brazilian actress and singer
Patrick Sercu, Belgian cyclist (d. 2019)
June 28 Luis Nicolao, Argentine butterfly swimmer
Gary Busey, American actor
Seán Patrick O'Malley, American cardinal
Daniel Kablan Duncan, Ivorian politician
Terry Funk, American professional wrestler (d. 2023)
Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist
Alan C. Fox, American author, philanthropist and entrepreneur
Glenn Shorrock, English-born Australian rock singer-songwriter
July
Mercedes Bresso, Italian politician
Mike Horan, Australian politician
Nurul Haque Miah, Bangladeshi professor of chemistry and textbook writer (d. 2021)
Diron Talbert, American football player
Syd Jackson, Australian rules footballer
Salgueiro Maia, captain in the Portuguese army and revolutionary (d. 1992)
Billy Campbell, Northern Irish footballer
Vicente de la Mata, Argentine football midfielder
Paul Schudel, American football player and coach
July 3 Michel Polnareff, French singer
Joe Berardo, Portuguese businessman, investor and art collector
Joe Critchlow, Canadian football player
Albert Kapengut, Soviet chess master
Mick Andrews, English international motorcycle trials rider
Hendrik Born, German vice admiral
Enrique Irazoqui, Spanish movie actor
Tim Brown, Australian darts player
Gunhild Hoffmeister, East German middle-distance runner
Max Timisela, Indonesian footballer
Feri Cansel, Turkish-Cypriot actress (d. 1983)
Mark Burgess, New Zealand cricketer
Jürgen Grabowski, German footballer (d. 2022)
Tony Jacklin, English golfer
George Logan, British female impersonator of the comedy act Hinge and Bracket
Feleti Sevele, Prime Minister of Tonga
Michael Walker, Baron Walker of Aldringham, British Army officer
Glenys Kinnock, British politician (d. 2023)
Ian Wilmut, British embryologist (d. 2023)
Johanny "Jaimoe" Johanson, American drummer
Jeffrey Tambor, American actor
William H. Pitsenbarger, United States Air Force Medal of Honour recipient (d. 1966)
July 10 Carlos Ruckauf, Argentine politician
Keith Doncon, Australian rules footballer
Neil Vant, Canadian Anglican clergyman, prospector, businessman and political figure
Valdeir Vieira, Brazilian football manager
Peter de Savary, British entrepreneur (d. 2022)
Terry Cooper, English football player and manager
Denise Nicholas, American actress and social activist
Delia Ephron, American bestselling author, screenwriter, and playwright
July 13 Ernő Rubik, Hungarian inventor
July 15 – Klaas de Vries, Dutch composer
Clarence Parfitt, Bermudian and Scottish cricketer
Jose L. Cuisia Jr., Philippine diplomat and banker
Betty Davis, American singer, songwriter and model (d. 2022)
Mark Burgess, New Zealand cricket captain
Catherine Schell, Hungarian actress
Charles Lapointe, Canadian businessman, politician and public servant
Tom Kalinske, American businessman
Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian footballer (d. 2016)
David Hemery, British Olympic athlete
William Harrison Courtney, American professor and retired diplomat
Mel Daniels, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
W. Cary Edwards, American politician (d. 2010)
John Atta Mills, 13th President of Ghana (d. 2012)
Paul Wellstone, U.S. Senator from Minnesota (d. 2002)
Celeste Yarnall, American actress (d. 2018)
Kiel Martin, American actor (d. 1990)
Tony Capstick, English comedian, actor and musician (d. 2003)
Matthew Robinson, English television and film producer, director and writer
Philip Freriks, Dutch journalist, columnist and television presenter
July 28 Jozo Križanović, Bosnian politician (d. 2009)
Jimmy Cliff, Jamaican musician (d. 2025)
Frances de la Tour, English actress
Geraldine Chaplin, English-American actress
Robert C. Merton, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
Jonathan Dimbleby, English broadcaster and journalist
Tommy Robson, English footballer (Northampton Town, Chelsea, Newcastle United, Peterborough United) (d. 2020)
August
Yury Romanenko, Soviet cosmonaut
Andrew G. Vajna, Hungarian-American film producer (d. 2019)
Jim Capaldi, British drummer, singer and songwriter (d. 2005)
Naná Vasconcelos, Brazilian percussionist and vocalist (d. 2016)
Joanna Cassidy, American actress and former model
August 3 Jonas Falk, Swedish actor (d. 2010)
William Frankfather, American actor (d. 1998)
Orhan Gencebay, Turkish musician, composer, singer and actor
Richard Belzer, American actor and comedian (d. 2023 in France)
John Glover, American actor
Robert Mueller, American lawyer, FBI director (d. 2026)
Denny Freeman, American guitarist (d. 2021)
Michael Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017)
Hasyim Muzadi, Indonesian Islamic scholar (d. 2017)
Sam Elliott, American actor
Patricia McKissack, African American children's writer (d. 2017)
Luisa Teresa Pacheco, Venezuelan politician
Abdul Latif Rashid, Iraqi Kurd politician and the ninth president of Iraq
Ian McDiarmid, Scottish actor
Frederick W. Smith, American founder of FedEx (d. 2025)
August 12 Larry Troutman, American funk musician (d. 1999)
August 13 Kevin Tighe, American actor
August 14 – Ahad Hosseini, Iranian Azerbaijani artist
Linda Ellerbee, American journalist and author
Thomas J. Murphy, Jr., politician, 56th Mayor of Pittsburgh
Yoweri Museveni, president of Uganda
R. A. W. Rhodes, British political scientist and academic
Sylvie Vartan, French singer
Larry Ellison, co-founder of Oracle Corporation
Bobby Murdoch, Scottish footballer and football manager (d. 2001)
Robert Hitchcock, Australian sculptor
Françoise Lebrun, French actress
Volker Lechtenbrink, German television actor and singer
Helena Rojo, Mexican actress and model
Mordechai Spiegler, Israeli footballer and manager
Charles Wang, Chinese-born American businessman, philanthropist and sports team owner (d. 2018)
Bodil Malmsten, Swedish novelist and poet (d. 2016)
Steve Sloan, American football player and coach (d. 2024)
Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (d. 1991)
Brian Barnes, British artist (d. 2021)
Kari S. Tikka, Finnish Professor of Finance (d. 2006)
Peter Weir, Australian film director
August 22 Ayşen Gruda, Turkish actress and comedian (d. 2019)
Saira Banu, Indian actress
Roberto D'Aubuisson, Salvadorean Army officer and right-wing political leader (d. 1992)
Rocky Johnson, Canadian professional wrestler and father of Dwayne Johnson (d. 2020)
Henry Braden, American lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
Gregory Jarvis, American astronaut (d. 1986)
Pat Martino, American jazz guitarist (d. 2021)
Abdullah Tarmugi, Singaporean politician
Christine Chubbuck, American television reporter (d. 1974)
August 27 G. W. Bailey, American actor
Kay Parker, English pornography actress (d. 2022)
Tug McGraw, American baseball player (d. 2004)
Freek de Jonge, Dutch cabaret performer and writer
John Surman, English jazz saxophone, clarinet, and synthesizer player and composer
Earnie Shavers, African-American professional boxer (d. 2022)
Roger Dean, English graphic artist
September
September 1 Leonard Slatkin, American conductor
September 2 Gilles Marchal, French singer-songwriter
September 3 Ty Warner, American businessman, inventor of Beanie Babies
Tony Atkinson, British economist (d. 2017)
Dave Bassett, English football manager
Jennifer Salt, American producer, screenwriter, and former actress
Christian Boltanski, French artist
Swoosie Kurtz, American actress
Abul Hayat, Bangladeshi actor
Earl Manigault, American basketball player (d. 1998)
Bora Milutinović, Serbian footballer and coach
Sam Sloan, American chess player and autodidact
Jerry Relph, American politician, member of the Minnesota Senate (d. 2020)
Bill Parkyn, American scientist (d. 2012)
Margaret Hodge, British politician
September 9 George Mraz, Czech-born American jazz bassist and alto saxophonist (d. 2021)
September 11 Serge Haroche, French physicist
Leonard Peltier, Native American activist and convicted murderer
Vladimir Spivakov, Soviet and Russian conductor and violinist
Barry White, African-American singer (d. 2003)
Carol Barnes, British newsreader (d. 2008)
Jacqueline Bisset, English actress
Peter Cetera, lead singer and guitarist of American rock group Chicago
September 14 – Colleen Barrett, American business executive (d. 2024)
Yoweri Museveni, Ugandan politician, 9th President of Uganda
Graham Taylor, English footballer and football manager (d. 2017)
September 16 B.J. Ward, American voice actress
September 17 Reinhold Messner, Italian mountaineer
Veronica Carlson, English actress and model
Satan's Angel, American exotic dancer
September 19 İsmet Özel, Turkish poet
Jeremy Child, English actor
Paul Madeley, English footballer (d. 2018)
Caleb Deschanel, American cinematographer and film director
Hamilton Jordan, Jimmy Carter's first White House Chief of Staff (d. 2008)
September 22 Frazer Hines, British actor
September 24 Eavan Boland, Irish poet, author, and professor (d. 2020)
September 25 – Michael Douglas, American actor and producer
Anne Robinson, British television host
Victoria Vetri, American model and actress
Angélica María, American-born Mexican singer-songwriter and actress
Ian Garnett, British admiral
September 28 Miloš Zeman, 3rd President of the Czech Republic
September 30 Jimmy Johnstone, Scottish footballer (d. 2006)
October
October 1 Ruth Adler, feminist, human rights campaigner and child welfare advocate (d.1994)
Abdulah Sidran, Bosnian poet and screenwriter (d. 2024)
Vernor Vinge, American science fiction writer (d. 2024)
October 3 Pierre Deligne, Belgian mathematician
Rocío Dúrcal, Spanish singer and actress (d. 2006)
Tony La Russa, American baseball player and manager
Eddie Gómez, Puerto Rican jazz double bassist
October 5 Arnhim Eustace, Vincentian politician and 3rd Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Dhammananda Bhikkhuni, born Chatsumarn Kabilsingh, pioneering female Thai Buddhist monk, previously academic
Mylon LeFevre, American singer and evangelist (d. 2023)
Boris Mikhailov, former Russian ice hockey player
Sir Donald Tsang, 2nd Chief Executive of Hong Kong
October 8 Dale Dye, American actor, technical advisor, radio personality and writer
John Entwistle, English rock bass guitarist and singer-songwriter (The Who) (d. 2002)
Nona Hendryx, American R&B singer (Labelle)
October 11 – William T. Greenough, American neuroscientist (d. 2013)
Margo Lion, American theatrical producer (d. 2020)
Gulab Chand Kataria, Indian politician and the 27th Governor of Assam
October 14 – Udo Kier, German actor (d. 2025)
Mac Collins, American politician (d. 2018)
Şerif Gören, Turkish film director
Haim Saban, Israeli-American media proprietor
David Trimble, Northern Irish Unionist political leader; recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize 1998 (d. 2022)
Kay Ivey, American politician
October 16 Elizabeth Loftus, American cognitive psychologist and memory specialist
October 19 – George McCrae, American soul and disco singer
Peter Tosh, Jamaican singer and musician (d. 1987)
October 20 Clive Hornby, English actor (d. 2008)
Janet Ahlberg, British children's book writer (d. 1994)
Muzaffar Ali, Indian filmmaker, fashion designer, poet, artist, cultural revivalist, and social worker
Jean-Pierre Sauvage, French scientist; recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016
Jon Anderson, English rock singer-songwriter and musician
Ron Coote, Australian rugby league player
Kati Kovács, Hungarian jazz, pop and rock musician
Azizan Abdul Razak, Malaysian politician (d. 2013)
October 27 Nikolai Karachentsov, Russian actor (d. 2018)
Dennis Franz, American actor
Marián Labuda, Slovak actor (d. 2018)
Ian Marter, English actor and writer (d. 1986)
Ranjit Mallick, Indian actor who works mainly in Bengali cinema
October 30 Ahmed Chalabi, Iraqi businessman and politician (d. 2015)
Kinky Friedman, American singer, songwriter, novelist, humorist, politician and columnist
November
Rafic Hariri, 2-Time Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2005)
Bobby Heenan, American professional wrestling manager and commentator (d. 2017)
Oscar Temaru, President of French Polynesia
Florindo Fabrizio, American politician (d. 2018)
Michael Buffer, American ring announcer and actor
Keith Emerson, English keyboardist (d. 2016)
November 3 – Tom Shales, American writer and television critic (d. 2024)
Linda Gary, American actress (d. 1995)
Willem Breuker, Dutch bandleader, composer, arranger, saxophonist, and clarinetist (d. 2010)
Scherrie Payne, American singer
November 5 – Leland Wilkinson, American statistician and computer scientist (d. 2021)
Luigi Riva, Italian footballer (d. 2024)
Joe Niekro, American baseball player (d. 2006)
Silvestre Reyes, American politician
Tim Rice, English lyricist, writer and broadcaster
November 11 Kemal Sunal, Turkish comedian
Booker T. Jones, American R&B singer-songwriter, musician and producer
Al Michaels, American sportscaster
November 14 – Karen Armstrong, British writer
Jim Boeheim, American basketball player and coach
Malcolm Bruce, English-Scottish journalist, academic, and politician
Gene Clark, American singer-songwriter (d. 1991)
Danny DeVito, American actor, film producer and director
Gary Goldman, American animator, film producer and director
Rem Koolhaas, Dutch architect
Lorne Michaels, Canadian television and film producer
Tom Seaver, American baseball pitcher (d. 2020)
Sammy Younge Jr., American civil rights activist (d. 1966)
Wolfgang Joop, German artist, fashion designer and art collector
Ed Krupp, American astronomer, director of the Griffith Observatory
Lorinda Cherry, American computer scientist (d. 2022)
Louie Dampier, American basketball player
Donald DiFrancesco, American lawyer and politician, 51st Governor of New Jersey
Dick Durbin, American politician
Earl Monroe, American basketball player
Harold Ramis, American actor, director and comedy writer (d. 2014)
November 23 – Peter Lindbergh, German fashion photographer and film director (d. 2019)
Candy Darling, American actress (d. 1974)
Ibrahim Gambari, Nigerian scholar and diplomat
Amol Palekar, Indian actor, director and producer of Hindi and Marathi cinema
Ben Stein, American law professor, actor and author
Michael Kijana Wamalwa, Kenyan politician, 8th Vice President of Kenya
Sylvia Gore, English footballer (d. 2016)
November 27 – Mickey Leland, American politician (d. 1989)
November 28 – Rita Mae Brown, American fiction writer and political activist
November 30 George Graham, Scottish football player and manager
December
December 1 John Densmore, drummer, member of The Doors.
Cathy Lee Crosby, American actress (That's Incredible!)
Ibrahim Rugova, 1st President of Kosovo (d. 2006)
Dionysis Savvopoulos, Greek singer-songwriter
December 3 Ralph McTell, English folk singer-songwriter
Dennis Wilson, American pop singer-songwriter and drummer (d. 1983)
Chris Hillman, American musician and bassist
December 5 Jeroen Krabbé, Dutch actor and film director
Kit Culkin, American stage actor
Ron Kenoly, American Christian leader
Sutiyoso, Indonesian politician and general, governor of Jakarta
Jonathan King, English music producer and convicted sex offender
Daniel Chorzempa, American organist
Georges Coste, French rugby player and coach
George Baker, Dutch singer-songwriter
Sharmila Tagore, Indian actress and model
Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto, 80th Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (d. 2020)
Tadashi Irie, Japanese yakuza boss
Ki Longfellow, American novelist
Neil Innes, English writer, comedian and musician (d. 2019)
Roger Short, British diplomat (murdered in the 2003 Istanbul bombings)
Bhikkhu Bodhi, American Theravada Buddhist monk
Gianni Morandi, Italian singer
Brenda Lee, American singer
Lynda Day George, American actress
Diana Bracho, Mexican actress
Kenneth Cranham, Scottish born actor
Cara Duff-MacCormick, Canadian stage actress
Alex Acuña, Peruvian–American jazz drummer and percussionist
December 14 – Denis Thwaites, English footballer (murdered in the 2015 Sousse attacks)
December 15 – Chico Mendes, Brazilian rubber tapper, trade union leader and environmentalist (d.1988)
December 16 – Sein Win, Burmese politician
December 17 Bernard Hill, British actor (d. 2024)
Mitchell Feigenbaum, American mathematical physicist (d. 2019)
María Martha Serra Lima, Argentine singer (d. 2017)
Tim Reid, African-American actor and film director
Anastasiya Vertinskaya, Soviet and Russian actress
Terry Underwood, Australian author
Fred Callaghan, English footballer (d. 2022)
Douglas Durst, American real estate investor and developer
Alvin Lee, English guitarist, singer and songwriter (d. 2013)
William Christie, American-born French conductor and musician
Ray Martin, Australian journalist and television presenter
Bobby Colomby, American drummer and producer
Anton Rippon, British journalist and author
Bill Atkinson, English footballer (d. 2013)
Michael Tilson Thomas, American conductor (d. 2026)
Zheng Xiaoyu, Chinese bureaucrat (d. 2007)
Steve Carlton, American baseball player
Mo Foster, English multi-instrumentalist, record producer, composer, solo artist, author, and public speaker (d. 2023)
Wesley Clark, U.S. general and NATO Supreme Allied Commander
Ingar Knudtsen, Norwegian novelist and poet
Erhard Keller, German speed skater
Mick Shoebottom, English rugby league player (d. 2002)
Jairzinho, Brazilian football player
Kenny Everett, British comedian and radio DJ. (d. 1995)
Bill Ayers, American education theorist, previously radical anti-war activist
Jane Lapotaire, British actress (d. 2026)
Aleksey Mikhalyov, Russian translator
December 27 – Mick Jones, English rock guitarist, singer-songwriter and producer (Foreigner)
Kary Mullis, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019)
Edgar Vivar, Mexican actor (Señor Barriga and Ñoño in El Chavo del Ocho)
Johnny Isakson, American politician (d. 2021)
December 30 Joseph Hilbe, American statistician and author (d. 2017)
Neil Ross, British-American voice actor and announcer
Jan Widströmer, Swedish painter and poet
Lois Galgay Reckitt, American activist and politician (d. 2023)
Date unknown
Lea Hopkins, American LGBT rights activist from Missouri
Donald Nicolaisen, American SEC chief accountant (d. 2019)
Deaths
January
Sir Edwin Lutyens, British architect (b. 1869)
Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (b. 1862)
January 3 Franz Reichleitner, Austrian SS officer and Nazi concentration camp commandant (b. 1906)
Kaj Munk, Danish playwright, Lutheran pastor and martyr (b. 1898)
Jean Tatlock, American psychiatrist (b. 1914)
January 6 Ida Tarbell, American journalist and muckraker (b. 1857)
January 7 Lou Henry Hoover, First Lady of the United States (b. 1874)
January 9 Antanas Smetona, President of Lithuania (b. 1874)
William Emerson Ritter, American biologist (b. 1856)
Andrey Toshev, Bulgarian scientist and diplomat, 26th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1867)
Italian leaders of the Grand Council of Fascism executed following the Verona Trial
Emilio De Bono, general (b. 1866)
Galeazzo Ciano, aristocrat and diplomat (b. 1903)
Giovanni Marinelli, politician (b. 1879)
Charles King, American actor (b. 1889)
Edgard Potier, Belgian spy (suicide) (b. 1903)
Nicholas Bunkerd Kitbamrung, Thai Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1895)
Juliette Atkinson, American tennis champion (b. 1873)
January 13 King Yuhi V of Rwanda (b. 1883)
January 14 Mehmet Emin Yurdakul, Turkish writer (b. 1869)
January 18 Léon Brunschvicg, French philosopher (b. 1869)
January 20 James McKeen Cattell, American psychologist (b. 1860)
January 21 Yoshimi Nishida, Japanese general (b. 1892)
January 23 Edvard Munch, Norwegian painter (b. 1863)
January 25 Teresa Grillo Michel, Italian Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1855)
January 29 William Allen White, American journalist (b. 1868)
January 31 Jean Giraudoux, French writer (b. 1882)
February
February 1 Piet Mondrian, Dutch painter (b. 1872)
February 3 Yvette Guilbert, French singer and actress (b. 1867)
February 7 Robert E. Park, American sociologist (b. 1864)
February 9 Agnes Mary Frances Duclaux, British poet, essayist and novelist (b. 1857)
February 11 Carl Meinhof, German linguist (b. 1857)
Kenneth Gandar-Dower, English sportsman, aviator, explorer and author (b. 1908)
Margaret Woodrow Wilson, American singer; Presidential daughter (b. 1886)
February 13 Edgar Selwyn, American screenwriter (b. 1875)
Carl August Ehrensvärd, Swedish admiral (b. 1858)
Henri Nathansen, Danish writer and director (b. 1868)
February 17 Valentin Kotyk, partisan scout, the youngest-ever Hero of Soviet Union (killed in action) (b. 1930)
February 18 David Griffin, Royal Canadian Air Force flying officer, Olympic athlete, and journalist (b. 1905)
February 21 Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian-born race car driver (b. 1873)
February 23 Leo Baekeland, Belgian-born American chemist (b. 1863)
February 24 Fanny Clar, French journalist and writer (b. 1875)
February 29 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Finnish politician, 1st Prime Minister and 3rd President of Finland (b. 1861)
March
March 3 Paul-Émile Janson, Belgian politician, 30th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1872)
March 4 Louis Buchalter, Jewish-born American mobster, head of Murder, Inc. (executed) (b. 1897)
Neel E. Kearby, American fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1911)
Edmée Chandon, first professional female astronomer in France, first woman in France to earn a doctorat d'État in mathematics. (b. 1885)
Xu Zonghan, Chinese medical doctor, politician and revolutionary (b. 1877)
March 9 Demetrios Capetanakis, Greek poet, essayist and critic (b. 1912)
Hendrik Willem van Loon, Dutch-born American historian, journalist and writer (b. 1882)
Irvin S. Cobb, American writer (b. 1876)
Otto von Below, German general (b. 1857)
Mariya Oktyabrskaya, Soviet national hero (b. 1905)
March 17 Mario Bravo, Argentinian politician and writer (b. 1882)
Giuseppe de Liguoro, Italian actor and director (b. 1869)
Noël Édouard, vicomte de Curières de Castelnau, French general (b. 1851)
March 22 Pierre Brossolette, journalist and French Resistance fighter (b. 1903)
March 23 Myron Selznick, American film producer (b. 1898)
Pietro Pappagallo, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1888)
Orde Wingate, British soldier (b. 1903)
March 25 Omelyan Kovch, Soviet Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1884)
March 28 Stephen Leacock, British-born Canadian humorist, author and economist (b. 1869)
Antoni Kiewnarski, Polish WWII hero (b. 1899)
Mineichi Koga, Japanese admiral (b. 1885)
Włodzimierz Kolanowski, Polish army officer (b. 1913)
April
April 1 Sharifzyan Kazanbaev, Soviet army officer (b. 1916)
April 2 John Batchelor, British missionary and reverend (b. 1855)
April 9 Yevgeniya Rudneva, Soviet WWII heroine (b. 1920)
April 13 Bartolomeo Gosio, Italian scientist (b. 1863)
Giovanni Gentile, Italian philosopher and Fascist politician (assassinated) (b. 1875)
Nikolai Vatutin, Soviet military commander, commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front, Hero of the Soviet Union (b. 1901)
April 17 J. T. Hearne, English cricketer (b. 1867)
April 21 Hans-Valentin Hube, German army general (b. 1890)
April 24 Charles Jordan, American magician (b. 1888)
April 25 George Herriman, American cartoonist (b. 1880)
Frank Knox, American Secretary of the Navy during WWII (b. 1874)
Billy Bitzer, American cinematographer (b. 1874)
Bernardino Machado, Portuguese political figure, 2-time Prime Minister of Portugal and 2-time President of Portugal, leader of the World War I (b. 1851)
April 30 Paul Poiret, French couturier (b. 1879)
May
May 5 Bertha Benz, German automotive pioneer, wife and business partner of automobile inventor Karl Benz (b. 1849)
May 7 William Ledyard Rodgers, American admiral and military and naval historian (b. 1860)
May 11 Leon Kozłowski, Polish archaeologist and politician, 25th Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1892)
Harold Lowe, British sailor, 5th officer of the RMS Titanic (b. 1882)
Arthur Quiller-Couch, British writer and academic (b. 1863)
Edel Quinn, Irish Roman Catholic laywoman, missionary and venerable (b. 1907)
George Ade, American author (b. 1866)
Filip Mișea, Aromanian activist, physician and politician (b. 1873)
May 17 Milena Jesenská, Czech journalist, writer, editor and translator (b. 1896)
Fraser Barron, New Zealand bomber pilot during WWII (b. 1921)
Eugenio Colorni, Italian philosopher and activist (b. 1909)
Vincent Rose, American musician and band leader (b. 1880)
Edmund Mortimer, American actor and director (b. 1874)
Li Jiayu, Chinese general of the National Revolutionary Army (b. 1892)
May 23 Thomas Curtis, American Olympic athlete (b. 1873)
Inigo Campioni, Italian admiral (executed) (b. 1878)
Matsuji Ijuin, Japanese admiral (killed in action) (b. 1893)
Luigi Mascherpa, Italian admiral (executed) (b. 1893)
Harold Bell Wright, American writer (b. 1872)
May 25 Clark Daniel Stearns, 9th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1870)
Patriarch Mesrob I Naroyan of Constantinople (b. 1875)
Jessie Ralph, American actress (b. 1864)
June
June 5 Józef Beck, Polish statesman (b. 1894)
Joseph Campbell, Northern Irish poet and lyricist (b. 1879)
Wilhelm Falley, German general (killed in action) (b. 1897)
Ker-Xavier Roussel, French painter (b. 1867)
June 12 Erich Marcks, German general (b. 1891)
Marc Bloch, French historian (b. 1886)
Sir Prafulla Chandra Ray, Indian chemist (b. 1861)
George Stinney, a 14-year-old African-American boy convicted of murder in his hometown of Alcolu, South Carolina. Executed by electric chair. (b. 1929)
June 18 Harry Fielding Reid, American geophysicist and seismologist (b. 1859)
Dénes Berinkey, 21st Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1871)
Lucha Reyes, Mexican singer (b. 1906)
María Chinchilla Recinos, Guatemalan teacher (b. 1909)
June 27 Milan Hodža, Slovak politician, champion of regional integration in Europe (b. 1878)
June 28 Anton Breinl, Australian medical practitioner and researcher (b. 1880)
July
July 1 Carl Mayer, Austrian-born screenwriter (cancer) (b. 1894)
Andrée Borrel, French World War II heroine (executed) (b. 1919)
Vera Leigh, British World War II heroine (executed) (b. 1903)
Chūichi Nagumo, Japanese admiral (suicide) (b. 1887)
Sonya Olschanezky, German World War II heroine (executed) (b. 1923)
Diana Rowden, British World War II heroine (executed) (b. 1915)
Georges Mandel, French politician and WWII hero (executed) (b. 1885)
Leonie von Meusebach–Zesch, American dentist (b. 1882)
George B. Seitz, American director (b. 1888)
Takeo Takagi, Japanese admiral (killed in action) (b. 1892)
Ingvar Fredrik Håkansson, Swedish pilot (killed in action) (b. 1920)
Kent Rogers, American voice actor (killed in military aircraft accident) (b. 1923)
Jesus Baza Duenas, Guamese Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (executed) (b. 1911)
Theodore Roosevelt Jr., American Brigadier General, political and business leader (heart attack) (b. 1887)
July 14 Asmahan, Syrian-born Egyptian singer (automobile accident) (b. 1912)
July 15 Joseph Sadi-Lecointe, French aviator (died from effects of torture) (b. 1891)
July 16 Moncena Dunn, American inventor (b. 1867)
Tarsykiya Matskiv, Soviet Eastern Catholic religious sister and blessed (killed) (b. 1919)
William James Sidis, American mathematician and linguist (cerebral hemorrhage) (b. 1898)
Augusto De Angelis, Italian writer and journalist (b. 1888)
George Holt, American actor and director (b. 1878)
Rex Whistler, British painter (killed in action) (b. 1905)
Ludwig Beck, German general, former Chief of the German General Staff and resistance member (assisted suicide) (b. 1880)
Mildred Harris, American actress (complications following surgery) (b. 1901)
Günther Korten, German colonel-general, chief of staff of the Luftwaffe (died of injuries received in assassination attempt on Hitler) (b. 1898)
Heinz Brandt, German officer (b. 1907)
Werner von Haeften, German resistance member (executed) (b. 1908)
Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim, German resistance leader (b. 1905)
Hans-Ulrich von Oertzen, German resistance member (suicide) (b. 1915)
Friedrich Olbricht, German resistance leader (b. 1888)
Claus von Stauffenberg, German resistance leader (executed) (b. 1907)
Henning von Tresckow, German general and resistance leader (suicide) (b. 1901)
July 23 Eduard Wagner, German general and resistance member (suicide) (b. 1894)
Lesley J. McNair, American general (b. 1883)
Jakob von Uexküll, Baltic German biologist (b. 1864)
Clóvis Beviláqua, Brazilian jurist, historian and journalist (b. 1859)
Wessel Freytag von Loringhoven, German resistance member (suicide) (b. 1899)
Takakazu Kinashi, Japanese submarine commander (killed in action) (b. 1902)
Reza Shah, 20th Prime Minister of Iran and Shah of Iran (b. 1878)
July 27 Perry McGillivray, American Olympic swimmer (b. 1893)
July 28 Werner Schrader, German resistance member (suicide) (b. 1895)
Nikolai Polikarpov, Soviet aeronautical engineer and aircraft designer (cancer) (b. 1892)
Lee Powell, American actor (killed in action) (b. 1908)
July 31 Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French pilot and children's writer (missing on active service) (b. 1900)
August
August 1 Manuel L. Quezon, Filipino statesman, soldier and politician, 2nd President of the Philippines (b. 1878)
August 2 Kakuji Kakuta, Japanese admiral (b. 1890)
August 4 Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński, Polish poet (b. 1921)
August 5 Jędrzej Moraczewski, Polish politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1870)
Agustín Barrios, Paraguayan guitarist and composer (b. 1885)
Jadwiga Falkowska, Polish teacher and activist (b. 1889)
Robert Bernardis, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1908)
Albrecht von Hagen, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1904)
Paul von Hase, German general and resistance leader (executed) (b. 1885)
Erich Hoepner, German colonel-general and resistance leader (executed) (b. 1886)
Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski, Polish journalist and novelist (b. 1885)
Hellmuth Stieff, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1901)
Michael Wittmann, German tank commander (killed in action) (b. 1914)
Erwin von Witzleben, German field marshal and resistance leader (executed) (b. 1881)
Peter Yorck von Wartenburg, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1904)
August 9 Felix Nussbaum, German painter (b. 1904)
Alfred Kranzfelder, German resistance fighter (b. 1908)
Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg, German resistance fighter (b. 1902)
Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, Nazi opponent and lawyer (b. 1905)
Hans Albrecht, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1917)
Francesco Federico Falco, Italian doctor (b. 1866)
Hideyoshi Obata, Japanese general (b. 1890)
Jose Garvida Flores, Filipino writer, poet and playwright (b. 1900)
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American fighter pilot, oldest son of Joseph P. Kennedy (b. 1915)
Suzanne Spaak, Belgian World War II heroine (b. 1905)
Egbert Hayessen, German resistance fighter (b. 1913)
Hans Bernd von Haeften, German resistance fighter (b. 1905)
Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorff, German police chief and resistance fighter (b. 1896)
Franciszek Brodniewicz, Polish actor (b. 1892)
Eugénio de Castro, Portuguese poet and writer (b. 1869)
Eugeniusz Horbaczewski, Polish pilot (b. 1917)
Ernst Thälmann, German Communist leader (executed) (b. 1886)
Günther von Kluge, German field marshal (suicide) (b. 1882)
Sir Henry Wood, British conductor (b. 1869)
Friedrich Gustav Jaeger, German resistance fighter (b. 1895)
Maciej Kalenkiewicz, Polish engineer and military officer (b. 1906)
Marian Lalewicz, Polish architect (b. 1876)
Aleksander Augustynowicz, Polish painter (b. 1865)
Abdülmecid II, last Caliph of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1868)
Nikolai Roslavets, Soviet composer (b. 1880)
August 24 Carlo Emanuele Buscaglia, Italian aviator (b. 1915)
August 25 Teresio Vittorio Martinoli, Italian pilot (b. 1917)
Hans Georg Klamroth, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1898)
Hans Leesment, Estonian general (b. 1873)
Ludwig Freiherr von Leonrod, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1906)
Adam von Trott zu Solz, German diplomat and resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1909)
August 27 Carlo Fecia di Cossato, Italian navy officer (b. 1908)
Teresa Bracco, Italian Roman Catholic religious sister and blessed (killed in battle) (b. 1924)
Rudolf Breitscheid, German politician (b. 1874)
Bronislaw Kaminski, Polish army officer (b. 1899)
Moissaye Boguslawski, American pianist and composer (b. 1887)
Eberhard Finckh, German resistance fighter (b. 1899)
Hans Otfried von Linstow, German resistance fighter (b. 1899)
Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel, German general and resistance leader (b. 1886)
September
September 1 Krystyna Dąbrowska, Polish sculptor and painter (b. 1906)
September 2 Maria Vetulani de Nisau, Polish soldier (b. 1898)
September 3 – Friedrich Alpers, German Nazi politician and general (b. 1901)
Erich Fellgiebel, German general and resistance fighter (b. 1886)
Heinrich Graf von Lehndorff-Steinort, German resistance fighter (b. 1909)
Fritz Thiele, German general and resistance fighter (b. 1894)
September 5 Gustave Biéler, Swiss WWII hero (b. 1904)
September 6 Jan Franciszek Czartoryski, Polish Dominican friar, martyr and blessed (b. 1897)
September 7 Eduardo Sánchez de Fuentes, Cuban composer (b. 1897)
Georg Hansen, German resistance fighter (b. 1904)
Ulrich von Hassell, German diplomat and resistance fighter (b. 1881)
Paul Lejeune-Jung, German resistance fighter (b. 1882)
Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld, German resistance fighter (b. 1902)
Günther Smend, German resistance fighter (b. 1912)
Josef Wirmer, German resistance fighter (b. 1901)
Robert Benoist, French race car driver and war hero (b. 1895)
Joseph Müller, German Roman Catholic priest and Servant of God (executed) (b. 1894)
September 12 Robert Fiske, American actor (b. 1889)
Yolande Beekman, French WWII heroine (executed) (b. 1911)
Madeleine Damerment, French WWII heroine (executed) (b. 1917)
Noor Inayat Khan, Indian WWII heroine (executed) (b. 1914)
Eliane Plewman, British WWII heroine (executed) (b. 1917)
W. Heath Robinson, British cartoonist and illustrator (b. 1872)
Heinrich Graf zu Dohna-Schlobitten, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1882)
Ken Macalister, Canadian WWII hero (b. 1914)
Michael Graf von Matuschka, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1888)
Frank Pickersgill, Canadian WWII hero (b. 1915)
Roméo Sabourin, Canadian WWII hero (b. 1923)
Nikolaus von Üxküll-Gyllenband, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1877)
Hermann Josef Wehrle, German Catholic priest and resistance member (executed) (b. 1899)
September 16 Gustav Bauer, 11th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1870)
Hendrikus Colijn, Dutch policeman, politician and businessman, 25th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1869)
Anton Saefkow, German communist (executed) (b. 1903)
Guy Gibson, British bomber pilot (b. 1918)
John J. Schumacher, American entrepreneur
September 20 – Friedrich Boedicker, German admiral (b. 1866)
September 22 Fritz Lindemann, German army officer (died of wounds) (b. 1894)
September 23 Matylda Pálfyová, Slovak artistic gymnast (b. 1912)
Walter Breisky, Austrian civil servant, acting Chancellor of Austria (b. 1871)
Eugeniusz Lokajski, Polish athlete, gymnast and photographer (b. 1909)
Leo Chiozza Money, Italian-British economist and politician (b. 1870)
Aimee Semple McPherson, Canadian-American Pentecostal evangelist (b. 1890)
Aristide Maillol, French sculptor and painter (b. 1861)
David Dougal Williams, British painter (b. 1888)
September 28 Josef Bürckel, German Nazi gauleiter (b. 1895)
Otto Herfurth, German general and resistance fighter (b. 1893)
Wilhelm Leuschner German politician and resistance fighter (b. 1890)
Joachim Meichssner, German resistance fighter (b. 1906)
Joachim Sadrozinski, German resistance fighter (b. 1907)
October
Max Ehrlich, German actor, screenwriter and humor writer (b. 1892)
Sir William Mulock, Canadian lawyer, politician and businessman (b. 1843)
Rudolf Schmundt, German general (b. 1896)
Benjamin Fondane, Romanian-French Symbolist poet, critic and existentialist philosopher (gassed in Auschwitz concentration camp) (b. 1898)
Julián Felipe, Filipino musician and bandleader (b. 1861)
Maeda Toshisada, Japanese politician (b. 1874)
October 8 Wendell Willkie, American politician (b. 1892)
Kitty Marion, German-born actress and women's rights activist in England and the United States (b. 1871)
Stefanina Moro, Italian resistance member (b. 1927)
Ramón Castillo, Argentinian politician, 25th President of Argentina (b. 1873)
Carl Langbehn, German resistance member (b. 1901)
Rudolf von Marogna-Redwitz, German resistance member (b. 1886)
Hans-Jürgen von Blumenthal, German resistance member (b. 1907)
Roland von Hößlin, German resistance member (b. 1915)
October 14 Erwin Rommel, German field marshal (b. 1891)
October 17 Anton Hafner, German aviator (b. 1918)
Josef Maria Eder, Austrian chemist (b. 1855)
Isadore Bernstein, American screenwriter (b. 1876)
Deneys Reitz, South African soldier and diplomat (b. 1882)
Eduard Brücklmeier, German diplomat and resistance member (b. 1903)
Hermann Maaß, German politician and resistance member (b. 1897)
Adolf Reichwein, German politician and resistance member (b. 1898)
Nell Brinkley, American illustrator and comic artist (b. 1886)
Hilma af Klint, Swedish abstract painter (b. 1862)
October 22 Richard Bennett, American actor (b. 1870)
October 23 Charles Glover Barkla, British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)
Louis Renault, French industrialist, founder of Renault (b. 1877)
Karl Freiherr von Thüngen, German general and resistance member (executed) (b. 1893)
Shōji Nishimura, Japanese vice admiral (b. 1889)
José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma, Peruvian historian, writer and politician, 84th Prime Minister of Peru (b. 1885)
Yukio Seki, Japanese kamikaze pilot (b. 1921)
Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom, youngest and last surviving child of Queen Victoria (b. 1857)
Hiroyoshi Nishizawa, Japanese fighter ace (b. 1920)
October 27 – Judith Auer, German World War II resistance fighter (b. 1905)
Henrietta Crosman, American actress (b. 1861)
Joseph Hubert Priestley, British botanist (b. 1883)
November
Ismael Pérez Pazmiño, Ecuadoran journalist and politician (b. 1876)
Andrey Sheptytsky, Soviet Eastern Catholic archbishop and venerable (b. 1865)
Karol Irzykowski, Polish writer (b. 1873)
Thomas Midgley Jr., American chemist and inventor (b. 1889)
November 4 Sir John Dill, British field marshal (b. 1881)
November 5 Alexis Carrel, French surgeon and biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1873)
Max Bergmann, German biochemist (b. 1886)
Richard Sorge, German-born Soviet spy, executed (b. 1895)
Hannah Szenes, Hungarian World War II heroine, poet, executed (b. 1921)
Wang Jingwei, Chinese statesman, President of the Nanjing-based and Japanese-supported collaborationist Government of the Republic of China (b. 1883)
Friedrich-Werner Graf von der Schulenburg, German diplomat and resistance member (b. 1875)
George David Birkhoff, American mathematician (b. 1884)
George Houston, American actor (b. 1896)
Otto Frank, German physiologist (b. 1865)
Carl Lampert, Austrian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1894)
Friedrich Lorenz, German Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1897)
Walter Cramer, German resistance member (b. 1886)
Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory, British aviator and Royal Air Force Air Chief Marshal (b. 1892)
Bernhard Letterhaus, German trade unionist and resistance member (b. 1894)
Ferdinand von Lüninck, German politician and resistance member (b. 1888)
November 15 Cayetano Santos Godino, Argentine serial killer and arsonist (b. 1896)
November 16 Maria Rodziewiczówna, Polish writer (b. 1863)
November 19 Ignacio Bolívar, Spanish naturalist and entomologist (b. 1850)
Joseph Caillaux, French politician, 57th Prime Minister of France (b. 1863)
Sir Arthur Eddington, British astronomer, physicist and mathematician (b. 1882)
Sadakichi Hartmann, Japanese-born American critic and poet (b. 1867)
Johan Pitka, Estonian entrepreneur, sea captain and admiral (b. 1872)
November 25 Kenesaw Mountain Landis, 1st commissioner of Major League Baseball (b. 1866)
November 26 Florence Foster Jenkins, American socialite and singer (b. 1868)
November 30 Lilo Gloeden, German resistance member (b. 1903)
December
December 1 Franciszek Pius Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman and activist (b. 1878)
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Italian poet, editor and art theorist, founder of the Futurist movement (b. 1876)
Josef Lhévinne, Soviet pianist (b. 1874)
December 4 Roger Bresnahan, American baseball player and member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1879)
December 9 Laird Cregar, American actor (b. 1913)
December 11 Montgomery Cunningham Meigs, American WWII hero (b. 1919)
December 12 Bernard Chrzanowski, Polish activist (b. 1861)
December 13 Wassily Kandinsky, Russian-born Polish artist (b. 1866)
December 14 Lupe Vélez, Mexican actress, dancer and singer (b. 1908)
December 15 Glenn Miller, American band leader (accident) (b. 1904)
December 19 King Abbas II of Egypt (b. 1874)
Caesar von Hofacker, German resistance member (b. 1896)
Fritz Pfeffer, German-Dutch housemate of Anne Frank (b. 1889)
Carl Wentzel, German resistance member (b. 1875)
December 22 Harry Langdon, American comedian (b. 1884)
December 26 George Bellamy, British actor (b. 1866)
Peter Deunov, Bulgarian spiritual teacher (b. 1864)
Sára Salkaházi, Hungarian Roman Catholic religious sister and blessed (b. 1899)
December 30 Romain Rolland, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)
Vicente Lim, Filipino general of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (b. 1888)
Ruth Hanna McCormick, American politician, activist and publisher (b. 1880)
Nobel Prizes
References
Further reading
Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Encyclopedia Year Book for 1944 (1945) online