Events

Pre-1600

• 456 Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.

• 690 Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.

• 912 Abd ar-Rahman III becomes the eighth Emir of Córdoba.

• 955 King Otto I defeats a Slavic revolt in what is now Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

• 1311 The Council of Vienne convenes for the first time.

• 1384 Jadwiga is crowned King of Poland, although she is a woman.

• 1590 Prince Gesualdo of Venosa murders his wife and her lover.

1601–1900

• 1736 Mathematician William Whiston's predicted comet fails to strike the Earth.

• 1780 American Revolutionary War: The British-led Royalton raid is the last Native American raid on New England.

• 1780 The Great Hurricane of 1780 finishes after its sixth day, killing between 20,000 and 24,000 residents of the Lesser Antilles.

• 1793 French Revolution: Queen Marie Antoinette is executed.

• 1793 War of the First Coalition: French victory at the Battle of Wattignies forces Austria to raise the siege of Maubeuge.

• 1805 War of the Third Coalition: Napoleon surrounds the Austrian army at Ulm.

• 1813 The Sixth Coalition attacks Napoleon in the four-day Battle of Leipzig.

• 1817 Italian explorer and archaeologist Giovanni Belzoni, uncovered the Tomb of Seti I in the Valley of the Kings.

• 1817 Simón Bolívar sentences Manuel Piar to death for challenging the racial-caste in Venezuela.

• 1834 Much of the ancient structure of the Palace of Westminster in London burns to the ground.

• 1836 Great Trek: Afrikaner voortrekkers repulse a Matabele attack, but lose their livestock.

• 1841 Queen's University is founded in the Province of Canada.

• 1843 William Rowan Hamilton invents quaternions, a three-dimensional system of complex numbers.

• 1846 William T. G. Morton administers ether anesthesia during a surgical operation.

• 1859 Origins of the American Civil War: Abolitionist John Brown and his supporters launch a raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia).

• 1869 The Cardiff Giant, one of the most famous American hoaxes, is "discovered".

• 1869 Girton College, Cambridge is founded, becoming England's first residential college for women.

• 1875 Brigham Young University is founded in Provo, Utah.

• 1882 The Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.

• 1891 A diplomatic incident between the United States and Chile occurred after U.S. sailors were attacked in Valparaíso, nearly leading to war.

1901–present

• 1905 The Partition of Bengal in India takes place.

• 1909 William Howard Taft and Porfirio Díaz hold the first summit between a U.S. and a Mexican president. They narrowly escape assassination.

• 1916 Margaret Sanger opens the first family planning clinic in the United States.

• 1919 Adolf Hitler delivers his first public address at a meeting of the German Workers' Party.

• 1923 Walt Disney and his brother, Roy, found the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, today known as The Walt Disney Company.

• 1934 Chinese Communists begin the Long March to escape Nationalist encirclement.

• 1939 World War II: No. 603 Squadron RAF intercepts the first Luftwaffe raid on Britain.

• 1940 Holocaust in Poland: The Warsaw Ghetto is established.

• 1943 Holocaust in Italy: Raid on the Roman Ghetto.

• 1946 Nuremberg trials: Ten defendants found guilty by the International Military Tribunal are executed by hanging.

• 1947 The Philippines takes over the administration of the Turtle Islands and the Mangsee Islands from the United Kingdom.

• 1949 The Greek Communist Party announces a "temporary cease-fire", thus ending the Greek Civil War.

• 1951 The first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, is assassinated in Rawalpindi.

• 1953 Cuban revolutionary Fidel Castro delivers his "History Will Absolve Me" speech, and is sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment by the Fulgencio Batista government for leading an attack on the Moncada Barracks.

• 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis begins: U.S. President John F. Kennedy is informed of photos taken on October 14 by a U-2 showing nuclear missiles (the crisis will last for 13 days starting from this point).

• 1964 China detonates its first nuclear weapon.

• 1964 Leonid Brezhnev becomes leader of the Soviet Communist Party, while Alexei Kosygin becomes the head of government.

• 1968 Tommie Smith and John Carlos are ejected from the US Olympic team for participating in the Olympics Black Power salute.

• 1968 Kingston, Jamaica is rocked by the Rodney riots, inspired by the barring of Walter Rodney from the country.

• 1968 Yasunari Kawabata becomes the first Japanese person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

• 1970 Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau invokes the War Measures Act during the October Crisis.

• 1973 Henry Kissinger and Lê Đức Thọ are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

• 1975 Indonesian troops kill the Balibo Five, a group of Australian journalists, in Portuguese Timor.

• 1975 Three-year-old Rahima Banu, from Bangladesh, is the last known case of naturally occurring smallpox.

• 1975 The Australian Coalition sparks a constitutional crisis when they vote to defer funding for the government's annual budget.

• 1978 Cardinal Karol Wojtyła is elected to the papacy as Pope John Paul II, he becomes the first non-Italian pontiff since 1523.

• 1984 Desmond Tutu is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

• 1991 George Hennard runs amok in Killeen, Texas, killing 23 and wounding 20.

• 1995 The Million Man March takes place in Washington, D.C. About 837,000 attend.

• 1995 The Skye Bridge in Scotland is opened.

• 1996 Eighty-four football fans die and 180 are injured in a massive crush at a match in Guatemala City.

• 1998 Former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet is arrested in London on a murder extradition warrant.

• 1999 The magnitude 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake strikes Southern California

• 2002 The Bibliotheca Alexandrina opens in Egypt, commemorating the ancient library of Alexandria.

• 2013 Lao Airlines Flight 301 crashes on approach to Pakse International Airport in Laos, killing 49 people.

• 2017 Storm Ophelia strikes the U.K. and Ireland causing major damage and power loss.

Births

Pre-1600

• 1351 Gian Galeazzo Visconti, first Duke of Milan (died 1402)

• 1396 William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English admiral (died 1450)

• 1430 James II of Scotland (died 1460)

• 1483 Gasparo Contarini, Italian cardinal and diplomat (died 1542)

• 1535 Niwa Nagahide, Japanese samurai (died 1585)

• 1588 Luke Wadding, Irish Franciscan friar and historian (died 1657)

1601–1900

• 1605 Charles Coypeau d'Assoucy, French writer and composer (died 1677)

• 1620 Pierre Paul Puget, French painter and sculptor (died 1694)

• 1678 Anna Waser, Swiss painter (died 1714)

• 1679 Jan Dismas Zelenka, Czech viol player and composer (died 1745)

• 1710 András Hadik, Austrian-Hungarian field marshal (died 1790)

• 1714 Giovanni Arduino, Italian geologist and academic (died 1795)

• 1726 Daniel Chodowiecki, Polish-German painter and educator (died 1801)

• 1729 Pierre van Maldere, Belgian violinist and composer (died 1768)

• 1752 Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, German theologian and academic (died 1827)

• 1754 Morgan Lewis, American general, lawyer, and politician, 3rd Governor of New York (died 1844)

• 1758 Noah Webster, American lexicographer (died 1843)

• 1762 Paul Hamilton, American soldier and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of the Navy (died 1816)

• 1789 William Burton, American physician and politician, 39th Governor of Delaware (died 1866)

• 1795 William Buell Sprague, American minister, historian, and author (died 1876)

• 1802 Isaac Murphy, American educator and politician, 8th Governor of Arkansas (died 1882)

• 1803 Robert Stephenson, English railway and civil engineer (died 1859)

• 1804 Benjamin Russell, American painter and educator (died 1885)

• 1806 William P. Fessenden, American lawyer and politician, 26th United States Secretary of the Treasury (died 1869)

• 1815 Francis Lubbock, American colonel and politician, 9th Governor of Texas (died 1905)

• 1818 William Forster, Indian-Australian politician, 4th Premier of New South Wales (died 1882)

• 1819 Austin F. Pike, American lawyer and politician (died 1886)

• 1827 Arnold Böcklin, Swiss painter (died 1901)

• 1831 Lucy Stanton, American activist (died 1910)

• 1832 Vicente Riva Palacio, Mexican liberal intellectual, novelist (died 1896)

• 1840 Kuroda Kiyotaka, Japanese general and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Japan (died 1900)

• 1841 Itō Hirobumi, Japanese lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Japan (died 1909)

• 1847 Maria Pia of Savoy, Queen Consort of Luis I of Portugal (died 1911)

• 1852 Carl von In der Maur, Governor of Liechtenstein (died 1913)

• 1854 Karl Kautsky, Czech-German journalist, philosopher, and theologian (died 1938)

• 1854 Oscar Wilde, Irish playwright, novelist, and poet (died 1900)

• 1855 Samad bey Mehmandarov, Azerbaijani general and politician, 3rd Azerbaijani Minister of Defense (died 1931)

• 1861 J. B. Bury, Irish historian and scholar (died 1927)

• 1861 Richard Sears, American tennis player (died 1943)

• 1863 Austen Chamberlain, English businessman and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1937)

• 1867 Mario Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Poggio Suasa (died 1963)

• 1869 Claude H. Van Tyne, American historian and author (died 1930)

• 1872 Walter Buckmaster, English polo player and businessman, co-founded Buckmaster & Moore (died 1942)

• 1873 Juho Kekkonen, Finnish forestry manager and tenant farmer (died 1928)

• 1876 Jimmy Sinclair, South African cricketer and rugby player (died 1913)

• 1881 William Orthwein, American swimmer and water polo player (died 1955)

• 1884 Rembrandt Bugatti, Italian sculptor (died 1916)

• 1886 David Ben-Gurion, Polish-Israeli soldier and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Israel (died 1973)

• 1888 Eugene O'Neill, American playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1953)

• 1888 Paul Popenoe, American founder of relationship counseling (died 1979)

• 1890 Michael Collins, Irish general and politician, 2nd Irish Minister for Finance (died 1922)

• 1890 Maria Goretti, Italian martyr and saint (died 1902)

• 1890 Paul Strand, American photographer and director (died 1975)

• 1897 Louis de Cazenave, French soldier (died 2008)

• 1898 William O. Douglas, American lawyer and jurist (died 1980)

• 1900 Edward Ardizzone, Vietnamese-English author and illustrator (died 1979)

• 1900 Primo Conti, Italian painter and poet (died 1988)

• 1900 Goose Goslin, American baseball player and manager (died 1971)

1901–present

• 1903 Cecile de Brunhoff, French author and pianist (died 2003)

• 1903 Big Joe Williams, American Delta blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1982)

• 1904 Björn Berglund, Swedish actor (died 1968)

• 1905 Ernst Kuzorra, German footballer and manager (died 1990)

• 1906 León Klimovsky, Argentinian actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1996)

• 1907 Richard Titmuss, English sociologist and academic (died 1973)

• 1908 Olivia Coolidge, English-American author and educator (died 2006)

• 1908 Enver Hoxha, Albanian general and politician, Prime Minister of Albania (died 1985)

• 1911 Otto von Bülow, German commander (died 2006)

• 1912 Clifford Hansen, American rancher and politician, 26th Governor of Wyoming (died 2009)

• 1918 Louis Althusser, Algerian-French philosopher and academic (died 1990)

• 1918 Abraham Nemeth, American mathematician and academic (died 2013)

• 1918 Tony Rolt, English race car driver and engineer (died 2008)

• 1919 Kathleen Winsor, American journalist and author (died 2003)

• 1920 Paddy Finucane, Irish fighter pilot and flying ace (died 1942)

• 1921 Matt Batts, American baseball player and coach (died 2013)

• 1921 Sita Ram Goel, Indian historian, publisher and writer (died 2003)

• 1921 MacKenzie Miller, American horse trainer and breeder (died 2010)

• 1922 Max Bygraves, English-Australian actor and singer (died 2012)

• 1922 Leon Sullivan, American minister and activist (died 2001)

• 1923 Linda Darnell, American actress (died 1965)

• 1923 Bert Kaempfert, German conductor and composer (died 1980)

• 1923 Bill McLaren, Scottish rugby player and sportscaster (died 2010)

• 1924 Gerard Parkes, Irish-Canadian actor (died 2014)

• 1925 Daniel J. Evans, American politician, 16th Governor of Washington (died 2024)

• 1925 Angela Lansbury, English-American actress, singer, and producer (died 2022)

• 1926 Charles Dolan, American businessman, founded Cablevision and HBO (died 2024)

• 1926 Ed Valigursky, American illustrator (died 2009)

• 1927 Günter Grass, German novelist, poet, playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2015)

• 1927 Rosa Rosal, Filipino actress

• 1928 Mary Daly, American philosopher and theologian (died 2010)

• 1928 Ann Morgan Guilbert, American actress (died 2016)

• 1929 Fernanda Montenegro, Brazilian actress

• 1930 John Polkinghorne, English physicist, theologian and priest (died 2021)

• 1930 Carmen Sevilla, Spanish actress (died 2023)

• 1931 Charles Colson, American lawyer and politician (died 2012)

• 1931 Valery Klimov, Ukrainian-Russian violinist and educator (died 2022)

• 1931 P. W. Underwood, American football player and coach (died 2013)

• 1932 John Grant, English journalist and politician (died 2000)

• 1932 Henry Lewis, American bassist and conductor (died 1996)

• 1932 Lucien Paiement, Canadian physician and politician (died 2013)

• 1933 Nobuyo Ōyama, Japanese voice actress (died 2024)

• 1934 Peter Ashdown, English race car driver

• 1936 Peter Bowles, English actor and screenwriter (died 2022)

• 1936 Andrei Chikatilo, Ukrainian-Russian serial killer (died 1994)

• 1936 Mladen Koščak, Croatian footballer (died 1997)

• 1936 Akira Machida, Japanese lawyer and judge, 15th Chief Justice of Japan (died 2015)

• 1937 Emile Ford, Saint Lucia-born British singer and first Black British musician to sell over one million copies of a single (died 2016)

• 1938 Carl Gunter, Jr., American politician (died 1999)

• 1938 Nico, German singer-songwriter, model, and actress (died 1988)

• 1940 Barry Corbin, American actor and producer

• 1940 Dave DeBusschere, American basketball player and coach (died 2003)

• 1940 Ivan Della Mea, Italian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and journalist (died 2009)

• 1941 Mel Counts, American basketball player

• 1941 Tim McCarver, American baseball player and sportscaster (died 2023)

• 1941 Emma Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne, English computer programmer and politician

• 1943 Fred Turner, Canadian singer-songwriter and bass player

• 1944 Kaizer Motaung, South African footballer and manager

• 1944 Elizabeth Loftus, American psychologist

• 1945 Stefan Buczacki, English horticulturalist, botanist, and television host

• 1945 Roger Hawkins, American session drummer (died 2021)

• 1945 Paul Monette, American author and poet (died 1995)

• 1946 Geoff Barnett, English footballer (died 2021)

• 1946 Suzanne Somers, American actress and producer (died 2023)

• 1947 Nicholas Day, English actor

• 1947 Terry Griffiths, Welsh snooker player and coach (died 2024)

• 1947 Bob Weir, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2026)

• 1947 David Zucker, American director, producer, and screenwriter

• 1948 Alison Chitty, English production designer and costume designer

• 1948 Bruce Fleisher, American golfer (died 2021)

• 1948 Hema Malini, Indian actress, director, producer, and politician

• 1948 Leo Mazzone, American baseball player and coach

• 1950 Angry Grandpa, American internet personality (died 2017)

• 1950 Károly Horváth, Romanian-Hungarian cellist, flute player, and composer (died 2015)

• 1952 Christopher Cox, American lawyer and politician

• 1952 Cordell Mosson, American bass player (died 2013)

• 1952 Crazy Mohan, Indian actor, screenwriter, and playwright (died 2019)

• 1952 Glenys Thornton, Baroness Thornton, English politician

• 1953 Tony Carey, American keyboard player, songwriter, and producer

• 1953 Paulo Roberto Falcão, Brazilian footballer and manager

• 1953 K. S. Kugathasan, Sri Lankan politician

• 1953 Brinsley Forde, British singer and actor

• 1954 Lorenzo Carcaterra, American author and blogger

• 1954 Michael Forsyth, Baron Forsyth of Drumlean, Scottish politician, Secretary of State for Scotland

• 1954 Serafino Ghizzoni, Italian rugby player

• 1954 Corinna Harfouch, German actress

• 1955 Kieran Doherty, Irish Republican and politician, died on hunger strike (died 1981)

• 1955 Ellen Dolan, American actress

• 1956 Marin Alsop, American violinist and conductor

• 1956 John Chavis, American football player and coach

• 1956 Meg Rosoff, American-English author

• 1956 Rudra Mohammad Shahidullah, Bangladeshi poet, author, and playwright (died 1992)

• 1957 Priidu Beier, Estonian poet and educator

• 1958 Roy McDonough, English footballer and manager

• 1958 Tim Robbins, American actor, director, and screenwriter

• 1959 Kevin Brennan, Welsh journalist and politician

• 1959 Brian Harper, American baseball player

• 1959 Gary Kemp, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor

• 1959 Philip Maini, Northern Irish mathematician at the University of Oxford

• 1959 Tessa Munt, English lawyer and politician

• 1959 Jamie Salmon, English-New Zealand rugby player and sportscaster

• 1959 Erkki-Sven Tüür, Estonian flute player and composer

• 1959 John Whittingdale, English politician

• 1960 Guy LeBlanc, Canadian keyboard player and songwriter (died 2015)

• 1960 Bob Mould, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

• 1961 Chris Doleman, American football player (died 2020)

• 1961 Marc Levy, French author

• 1961 Scott O'Hara, American pornographic performer, author, poet, editor and publisher (died 1998)

• 1961 Randy Vasquez, American actor, director, and producer

• 1962 Manute Bol, Sudanese-American basketball player and activist (died 2010)

• 1962 Flea, Australian-American bass player, songwriter, and actor

• 1962 Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Russian opera singer (died 2017)

• 1962 Nico Lazaridis, German footballer

• 1962 Tamara McKinney, American skier

• 1963 Brendan Kibble, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1963 Timothy Leighton, English physicist and academic

• 1964 Shawn Little, Canadian lawyer and politician (died 2012)

• 1964 James Thompson, American-Finnish author (died 2014)

• 1965 Kang Kyung-ok, South Korean illustrator

• 1965 German Titov, Russian ice hockey player and coach

• 1965 Tom Tolbert, American basketball player and sportscaster

• 1966 Olof Lundh, Swedish journalist

• 1966 Mary Elizabeth McGlynn, American voice actress, singer, and director

• 1967 Michael Laffy, Australian footballer

• 1967 Davina McCall, English television host and actress

• 1968 Randall Batinkoff, American actor and producer

• 1968 Mark Lee, Singaporean actor and singer

• 1968 Francesco Libetta, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor

• 1968 Todd Stashwick, American actor and writer

• 1968 Elsa Zylberstein, French actress

• 1969 Roy Hargrove, American trumpet player and composer (died 2018)

• 1969 Takao Omori, Japanese wrestler

• 1969 Terri J. Vaughn, American actress and producer

• 1969 Wendy Wilson, American singer-songwriter

• 1970 Kazuyuki Fujita, Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist

• 1970 Mehmet Scholl, German footballer and manager

• 1971 Frank Cuesta, Spanish television presenter

• 1971 Chad Gray, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1971 Paul Sparks, American actor

• 1972 Adrianne Frost, American comedian, actress, and author

• 1972 Darius Kasparaitis, Lithuanian-American ice hockey player and coach

• 1972 Kordell Stewart, American football player and radio host

• 1973 Justin Credible, American wrestler

• 1973 David Unsworth, English footballer and manager

• 1974 Aurela Gaçe, Albanian singer

• 1974 Paul Kariya, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1975 Ernesto Noel Aquino, Honduran footballer

• 1975 Brynjar Gunnarsson, Icelandic footballer

• 1975 Jacques Kallis, South African cricketer

• 1975 Kellie Martin, American actress, director, and producer

• 1977 John Mayer, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

• 1977 Björn Yttling, Swedish singer-songwriter, musician, producer and member of Peter, Bjorn and John

• 1980 Sue Bird, Israeli-American basketball player

• 1980 Jeremy Jackson, American actor and singer

• 1980 Caterina Scorsone, Canadian-American actress

• 1980 Timana Tahu, Australian rugby league player

• 1981 Brea Grant, American actress and writer

• 1981 Martin Halle, Danish footballer

• 1981 Boyd Melson, American boxer

• 1981 Anthony Reyes, American baseball player

• 1982 Alan Anderson, American basketball player

• 1982 Frédéric Michalak, French rugby player

• 1982 Cristian Riveros, Paraguayan footballer

• 1982 Prithviraj Sukumaran, Indian actor, singer, and producer

• 1983 Philipp Kohlschreiber, German tennis player

• 1983 Loreen, Swedish singer

• 1983 Kenny Omega, Canadian wrestler

• 1984 François Pervis, French track cyclist

• 1984 Rachel Reilly, American talk show host and actress

• 1985 Jay Beagle, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1985 Alexis Hornbuckle, American basketball player

• 1985 Verena Sailer, German sprinter

• 1985 Casey Stoner, Australian motorcycle racer

• 1985 Peter Wallace, Australian rugby league player

• 1986 Nicky Adams, English-Welsh footballer

• 1986 Franco Armani, Argentine footballer

• 1986 Derk Boerrigter, Dutch footballer

• 1986 Inna, Romanian singer

• 1988 Zoltán Stieber, Hungarian footballer

• 1989 Dan Biggar, Welsh rugby player

• 1991 Jonathan Schoop, Curaçaoan baseball player

• 1991 Shardul Thakur, Indian cricketer

• 1992 Kostas Fortounis, Greek footballer

• 1992 Viktorija Golubic, Swiss tennis player

• 1992 Bryce Harper, American baseball player

• 1993 Jovit Baldivino, Filipino singer and actor (died 2022)

• 1993 Caroline Garcia, French tennis player

• 1994 Adam Elliott, Australian rugby league player

• 1994 Halimah Nakaayi, Ugandan middle-distance runner

• 1996 Toprak Razgatlıoğlu, Turkish motorcycle racer

• 1996 Andrea Locatelli, Italian motorcycle racer

• 1997 Aliou Dieng, Malian footballer

• 1997 Charles Leclerc, Monégasque racing driver

• 1997 Naomi Osaka, Japanese tennis player

• 1999 Aaron Nesmith, American basketball player

• 1999 Nicolò Bulega, Italian motorcycle racer

• 2001 Willian Pacho, Ecuadorian footballer

• 2003 Scott Ogden, British motorcycle racer

• 2005 Ruby Rose Turner, American actress

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 385 Fu Jian, Chinese emperor (born 337)

• 786 Lullus, archbishop of Mainz (born 710)

• 976 Al-Hakam II, Umayyad caliph (born 915)

• 1027 Fujiwara no Kenshi, Japanese empress (born 994)

• 1130 Pedro González de Lara, Castilian magnate

• 1284 Shams al-Din Juvayni, Persian statesman, vizier and minister of finance of the Ilkhanate

• 1323 Amadeus V, count of Savoy (born 1249)

• 1333 Nicholas V, antipope of Rome (born 1260)

• 1438 Anne of Gloucester, English noblewoman (born 1383)

• 1355 Louis the Child, king of Sicily (born 1338)

• 1523 Luca Signorelli, Italian painter (born c.1450)

• 1553 Lucas Cranach the Elder, German painter and engraver (born 1472)

• 1555 Hugh Latimer, English bishop and saint (born 1487)

• 1555 Nicholas Ridley, English bishop and martyr (born 1500)

• 1591 Gregory XIV, pope of the Catholic Church (born 1535)

• 1594 William Allen, English cardinal (born 1532)

1601–1900

• 1621 Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, Dutch organist and composer (born 1562)

• 1628 François de Malherbe, French poet and critic (born 1555)

• 1637 Johann Rudolf Stadler, Swiss clock-maker (born 1605)

• 1649 Isaac van Ostade, Dutch painter and illustrator (born 1621)

• 1655 Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Italian physician, mathematician, and theorist (born 1591)

• 1660 John Cook, English politician, Solicitor General for England and Wales (born 1608)

• 1679 Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, Irish-English soldier and politician (born 1621)

• 1680 Raimondo Montecuccoli, Italian-Austrian field marshal (born 1609)

• 1730 Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, French-American explorer and politician, 3rd French Governor of Louisiana (born 1658)

• 1730 Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha, Greek politician, 139th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (born 1666)

• 1750 Sylvius Leopold Weiss, German lute player and composer (born 1687)

• 1755 Gerard Majella, Italian saint (born 1725)

• 1774 Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet (born 1750)

• 1791 Grigory Potemkin, Russian general and politician (born 1739)

• 1793 Marie Antoinette, Austrian-born queen consort of Louis XVI of France (born 1755)

• 1793 John Hunter, Scottish-English surgeon and philosopher (born 1728)

• 1796 Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia (born 1726)

• 1799 Veerapandiya Kattabomman Indian activist (born 1760)

• 1810 Nachman of Breslov, Ukrainian religious leader, founded the Breslov Hasidic group (born 1772)

• 1822 Eva Marie Veigel, Austrian-English dancer (born 1724)

• 1877 Théodore Barrière, French playwright (born 1823)

• 1888 John Wentworth, American journalist and politician, 19th Mayor of Chicago (born 1815)

1901–present

• 1904 Haritina Korotkevich, Russian heroine (born 1882)

• 1908 Joseph Leycester Lyne, English monk (born 1837)

• 1909 Jakub Bart-Ćišinski, German poet and playwright (born 1856)

• 1913 Ralph Rose, American shot putter, discus, and hammer thrower (born 1885)

• 1936 Effie Adelaide Rowlands, British writer (born 1859)

• 1937 Jean de Brunhoff, French poet and playwright (born 1899)

1946 Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:

• Hans Frank, German lawyer, politician and war criminal (born 1900)

• Wilhelm Frick, German lawyer and politician, German Minister of the Interior (born 1877)

• Alfred Jodl, German general (born 1890)

• Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Austrian SS officer (born 1903)

• Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal (born 1882)

• Alfred Rosenberg, Estonian architect and politician (born 1893)

• Fritz Sauckel, German sailor and politician (born 1894)

• Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Austrian lawyer and politician, 16th Federal Chancellor of Austria (born 1892)

• Julius Streicher, German journalist and politician (born 1887)

• Joachim von Ribbentrop, German lieutenant and politician, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Germany (born 1893)

• 1947 Anna B. Eckstein, German peace activist (born 1868)

• 1951 Liaquat Ali Khan, Indian-Pakistani lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (born 1895)

• 1956 Jules Rimet, French businessman (born 1873)

• 1957 John Anthony Sydney Ritson, English rugby player, mines inspector, engineer and educator (born 1887)

• 1958 Robert Redfield, American anthropologist of Mexico (born 1897)

• 1959 Minor Hall, American drummer (born 1897)

• 1959 George Marshall, American general and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Defense, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1880)

• 1962 Gaston Bachelard, French poet and philosopher (born 1884)

• 1964 Patsy Callighen, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1906)

• 1966 George O'Hara, American actor and screenwriter (born 1899)

• 1968 Ellis Kinder, American baseball player (born 1914)

• 1971 Robin Boyd, Australian architect and educator, designed the Domain Park Flats (born 1919)

• 1972 Nick Begich, American lawyer and politician (born 1932)

• 1972 Hale Boggs, American lawyer and politician (born 1914)

• 1972 Leo G. Carroll, English-American actor (born 1886)

• 1973 Gene Krupa, American drummer, composer, and actor (born 1909)

• 1975 Vittorio Gui, Italian conductor and composer (born 1885)

• 1978 Dan Dailey, American actor, singer, dancer, and director (born 1913)

• 1979 Johan Borgen, Norwegian author and critic (born 1903)

• 1981 Moshe Dayan, Israeli general and politician, 5th Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel (born 1915)

• 1981 Eugene Eisenmann, Panamanian-American lawyer and ornithologist (born 1906)

• 1982 Mario Del Monaco, Italian tenor (born 1915)

• 1983 Jakov Gotovac, Croatian composer and conductor (born 1895)

• 1986 Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist and pianist (born 1921)

• 1989 Walter Farley, American author and educator (born 1915)

• 1989 Scott O'Dell, American journalist and author (born 1898)

• 1989 Cornel Wilde, American actor (born 1912)

• 1990 Art Blakey, American drummer and bandleader (born 1919)

• 1990 Jorge Bolet, Cuban-American pianist and educator (born 1914)

• 1992 Shirley Booth, American actress and singer (born 1898)

• 1996 Jason Bernard, American actor (born 1938)

• 1996 Eric Malpass, English author (born 1910)

• 1997 Audra Lindley, American actress (born 1918)

• 1997 James A. Michener, American author and philanthropist (born 1907)

• 1998 Jon Postel, American computer scientist and academic (born 1943)

• 1999 Jean Shepherd, American radio host, actor, and screenwriter (born 1921)

• 2000 Mel Carnahan, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 51st Governor of Missouri (born 1934)

• 2000 Rick Jason, American actor (born 1923)

• 2001 Etta Jones, American singer-songwriter (born 1928)

• 2003 Avni Arbaş, Turkish painter (born 1919)

• 2003 Stu Hart, Canadian wrestler and trainer (born 1915)

• 2003 László Papp, Hungarian boxer (born 1926)

• 2004 Pierre Salinger, American journalist and politician, 11th White House Press Secretary (born 1925)

• 2006 John Victor Murra, Ukrainian-American anthropologist and academic (born 1916)

• 2006 Valentín Paniagua, Peruvian lawyer and politician, 91st President of Peru (born 1936)

• 2007 Deborah Kerr, Scottish actress (born 1921)

• 2007 Toše Proeski, Macedonian singer-songwriter (born 1981)

• 2008 Dagmar Normet, Estonian author and translator (born 1921)

• 2010 Eyedea, American rapper and producer (born 1981)

• 2010 Barbara Billingsley, American actress (born 1915)

• 2011 Dan Wheldon, English race car driver (born 1978)

• 2012 Frank Moore Cross, American scholar and academic (born 1921)

• 2012 John A. Durkin, American lawyer and politician (born 1936)

• 2012 Mario Gallegos, Jr., American firefighter and politician (born 1950)

• 2012 Bódog Török, Hungarian handball player and coach (born 1923)

• 2012 Eddie Yost, American baseball player and coach (born 1926)

• 2013 Govind Purushottam Deshpande, Indian playwright and academic (born 1938)

• 2013 George Hourmouziadis, Greek archaeologist and academic (born 1932)

• 2013 Ed Lauter, American actor (born 1938)

• 2013 Laurel Martyn, Australian ballerina and choreographer (born 1916)

• 2013 Robert B. Rheault, American colonel (born 1925)

• 2013 Saggy Tahir, Pakistani-American lawyer and politician (born 1944)

• 2014 Ioannis Charalambopoulos, Greek colonel and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (born 1919)

• 2014 Allen Forte, American musicologist and theorist (born 1926)

• 2014 Seppo Kuusela, Finnish basketball player and coach (born 1934)

• 2014 John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough, English businessman (born 1926)

• 2015 Richard J. Cardamone, American lawyer and judge (born 1925)

• 2015 James W. Fowler, American psychologist and academic (born 1940)

• 2015 William James, Australian general and physician (born 1930)

• 2015 Vera Williams, American author and illustrator (born 1927)

• 2015 Memduh Ün, Turkish film producer, director, actor and screenwriter (born 1920)

• 2016 Calvin Carl "Kelly" Gotlieb, Canadian professor and computer scientist (born 1921)

• 2017 Daphne Caruana Galizia, Maltese journalist and blogger (born 1964)

• 2017 Roy Dotrice, British actor (born 1923)

• 2017 John Dunsworth, Canadian actor (born 1946)

• 2017 Sean Hughes, British-born Irish stand-up comedian (born 1965)

• 2023 Martti Ahtisaari, former President of Finland and Nobel Prize laureate (born 1937)

• 2024 Ollie Olsen, Australian musician, composer and sound designer (born 1958)

• 2024 Liam Payne, English singer-songwriter from One Direction (born 1993)

• 2024 Yahya Sinwar, leader of Hamas (born 1962)

Holidays and observances

• Air Force Day (Bulgaria)

• Boss's Day (United States)

Christian feast day:

• Balderic (Baudry) of Monfaucon

• Bercharius

• Bertrand of Comminges

• Colmán of Kilroot (Colman mac Cathbaid)

• Eliphius

• Fortunatus of Casei

• Gall

• Gerard Majella

• Hedwig of Silesia

• Hugh Latimer (Anglicanism)

• Junian (of Saint-Junien)

• Marguerite Marie Alacoque

• Marie-Marguerite d'Youville

• Nicholas Ridley (Anglicanism)

• Silvanus of Ahun

• Blessed Thevarparampil Kunjachan (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church / Catholic Church)

• Pope Victor III

• October 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

• Pope John Paul II Day (Poland)

• Death anniversary of Liaquat Ali Khan (Pakistan)

• Teachers' Day (Chile)

• World Food Day (International)

• Bu-Ma Democratic Protests Commemoration Day (South Korea)

References

External links