Wikipedia / 1915
Wikipedia / 1915
Events
Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.
January
January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction".
WWI: British Royal Navy battleship HMS Formidable is sunk off Lyme Regis, England, by an Imperial German Navy U-boat, with the loss of 547 crew.
WWI: Battle of Broken Hill: A train ambush near Broken Hill, Australia, is carried out by two men (claiming to be in support of the Ottoman Empire) who are killed, together with four civilians.
January 5 – Joseph E. Carberry sets an altitude record of , carrying Capt. Benjamin Delahauf Foulois as a passenger, in a fixed-wing aircraft.
The United States House of Representatives rejects a proposal to give women the right to vote.
A Fool There Was premières in the United States, starring Theda Bara as a femme fatale; she quickly becomes one of early cinema's most sensational stars.
January 13 – 1915 Avezzano earthquake hits Italy, around 30,000 people are killed.
January 17 – WWI: Caucasus Campaign – Battle of Sarikamish: Russia defeats Ottoman Turkey.
January 18 – Twenty-One Demands from Japan to China are made.
Georges Claude patents the neon discharge tube for use in advertising.
WWI: German Zeppelins bomb the coastal towns of Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn in England for the first time, killing more than 20.
January 21 – Kiwanis is founded in Detroit, Michigan, as The Supreme Lodge Benevolent Order Brothers.
January 23 – Chilembwe uprising: Baptist minister John Chilembwe initiates an ultimately unsuccessful uprising against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi).
January 24 – WWI: Battle of Dogger Bank – The British Grand Fleet defeats the German High Seas Fleet, sinking the armoured cruiser .
January 25 – The first United States coast-to-coast long-distance telephone call is facilitated by a newly invented vacuum tube amplifier, ceremonially inaugurated by Alexander Graham Bell in New York City and his former assistant Thomas A. Watson, in San Francisco, California.
WWI: The Ottoman Army begins the Raid on the Suez Canal.
The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the United States Congress.
January 27 – WWI: French military casualties begin arriving at the Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en-Barrois, established earlier in the month by British volunteers.
January 31 – WWI: Battle of Bolimów – Germany's first large-scale use of poison gas as a weapon occurs, when 18,000 artillery shells containing liquid xylyl bromide tear gas are fired on the Imperial Russian Army, on the Rawka River west of Warsaw; however, freezing temperatures prevent it being effective.
February
February – While working as a cook at New York's Sloane Hospital for Women under an assumed name, "Typhoid Mary" (an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever) infects 25 people, and is placed in quarantine for life on March 27.
February 1 – William Fox creates the Fox Film Corporation.
February 4 – The Maritz Rebellion of disaffected Boers against the government of the Union of South Africa ends with the surrender of the remaining rebels.
February 8 – The controversial film The Birth of a Nation, directed by D. W. Griffith, premieres in Los Angeles. It will be the highest-grossing film for around 25 years.
February 18 – WWI: Germany regards the waters around the British Isles to be a war zone from this date, as part of its U-boat Campaign.
February 20 – In San Francisco, the Panama–Pacific International Exposition is opened.
February 25 – Armenian genocide: The Ottoman Empire transfers Armenians from its armed forces to unarmed Ottoman labour battalions.
March
March – The 1915 Palestine locust infestation breaks out in Palestine; it continues until October.
March 2 – Armenian genocide: Earliest recorded deportations.
March 10–13 – WWI: Battle of Neuve Chapelle – In the first deliberately planned British offensive of the war, British Indian troops overrun German positions in France, but are unable to sustain the advance.
March 11 – WWI: British armed merchantman is sunk in the North Channel off the coast of Scotland by Imperial German Navy U-boat SM U-27. Around 200 crew are lost, a number of bodies being washed up on the Isle of Man, with only 26 saved.
March 14 – WWI:
Battle of Más a Tierra: Off the coast of Chile, the British Royal Navy forces the Imperial German Navy light cruiser SMS Dresden (last survivor of the German East Asia Squadron) to scuttle.
Constantinople Agreement: Britain, France and the Russian Empire agree to give Constantinople (Istanbul) and the Bosphorus to Russia in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the Bolshevik Revolution).
March 18 – WWI:
Gallipoli campaign: A Franco-British naval attack on the Dardanelles fails.
British Royal Navy battleship sinks German submarine U-29 with all hands in the Pentland Firth off the coast of Scotland by ramming her, the only time this tactic is known to have been successfully used by a battleship.
March 19 – Pluto is photographed for the first time, but is not recognised for what it is.
April
April 5 – Boxer Jess Willard defeats Jack Johnson with a 26th-round knockout in sweltering heat, at Havana, Cuba. Willard becomes very popular among white Americans, for "bringing back the championship to the white race".
April 21 – On the orders of Talat Pasha, Haydar Bey organized an expedition against the Assyrians. He killed thousands of Assyrians along with Kurdish tribes.
April 22 – WWI: Start of Second Battle of Ypres – Germany makes its first large scale use of poison gas on the Western Front.
April 24 – Armenian genocide: deportation of Armenian notables from Istanbul begins.
April 25 – WWI: Start of the Gallipoli Campaign by land forces (lasting until January 1916) – A landing at Anzac Cove is conducted by Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, and a landing at Cape Helles by British and French troops, to begin the Allied invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula in the Ottoman Empire.
April 26 – Treaty of London: Italy secretly agrees to leave the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary, and join with the Entente Powers, in exchange for certain territories of Austria-Hungary on its borders.
May
May 1 – General Louis Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa, leads the army in the occupation of German South West Africa.
May 5 – WWI: Gallipoli Campaign – Forces of the Ottoman Empire begin shelling ANZAC Cove from a new position behind their lines.
May 6 – Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition: SY Auroras drift – The breaks loose from its anchorage during a gale, beginning a 312-day ordeal.
May 7 – WWI
Sinking of the RMS Lusitania: 's main rival, the British ocean liner , is sunk by Imperial German Navy U-boat U-20 off the south-west coast of Ireland, killing 1,199 civilians en route from New York City to Liverpool. The best-known of the celebrities on board is American sportsman Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt.
Germany captures the Latvian port city of Libau.
May 9 – WWI – Second Battle of Artois: German and French forces fight to a standstill; German forces defeat the British at the Battle of Aubers Ridge.
May 17 – The last purely Liberal government in the United Kingdom ends, when the prime minister H. H. Asquith forms an all-party coalition government, the Asquith coalition ministry, effective May 25.
May 19 – WWI: The third attack on Anzac Cove by Ottoman forces is repelled by the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.
Quintinshill rail disaster in Scotland: The collision and fire kill 226, mostly troops, the largest number of fatalities in a rail accident in the United Kingdom.
Lassen Peak, one of the Cascade Volcanoes in California, erupts, sending an ash plume 30,000 feet in the air, and devastating the nearby area with pyroclastic flows and lahars. It is the only volcano to erupt in the contiguous United States this century, until the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.
May 23 – WWI: Italy joins the Allies after declaring war on Austria-Hungary.
May 25 – China agrees to the Twenty-One Demands of the Japanese.
May 27 – Armenian genocide: The Tehcir Law is promulgated by the Turkish Ottoman Empire authorizing deportation of the Ottoman Armenian population to Deir ez-Zor in the Syrian desert, leading to the deaths of anywhere between 800,000 and over 1,500,000 civilians and confiscation of their property.
May 28 – International Congress of Women meets at the Hague as a major peace initiative.
June
June – Armenian genocide: 15,000 civilians from the Ottoman Armenian population of Bitlis are massacred by Ottoman Turks and Kurds.
June 3 – Mexican Revolution: Troops of Álvaro Obregón and Pancho Villa clash at León; Obregón loses his right arm in a grenade attack, but Villa is decisively defeated.
June 11 – Friar Leonard Melki and hundreds of other Christians are driven out of Mardin and massacred by Ottoman troops.
June 16 – Women's Institutes are established in Britain.
June 19 – In Iceland, at this time a dependency of Denmark, women's suffrage is granted to those over 40.
July
WWI: South West Africa Campaign – The Union of South Africa occupies German South West Africa with assistance from Canada, the United Kingdom, the Portuguese Republic and Portuguese Angola. South Africa will occupy South West Africa until March 1990.
Armenian genocide: 17,000 civilians from the Ottoman Armenian population of Trebizond are massacred by Ottoman Turks.
July 1 – WWI: In aerial warfare, German fighter pilot Kurt Wintgens becomes the first person to shoot down another plane, using a machine gun equipped with synchronization gear.
An overloaded International Railway (New York–Ontario) trolleycar with 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario, resulting in 15 deaths.
Sinhalese militia captain Henry Pedris is executed in British Ceylon for inciting race riots, a charge later proved false; he becomes a hero of the Sri Lankan independence movement.
July 9 – WWI: Theodore Seitz, governor of German South West Africa, surrenders to General Louis Botha, between Otavi and Tsumeb.
July 11 – WWI: Battle of Rufiji Delta – German cruiser is forced to scuttle in the Rufiji River, German East Africa (modern-day Tanzania).
July 14 – The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official Sir Henry McMahon concerning the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire begins; in exchange for assistance against the Ottomans, the British offer bin Ali their recognition of an independent Arab kingdom, although clear terms are never agreed.
July 22 – WWI: The "Great Retreat" is ordered on the Eastern Front; Russian forces pull back out of Poland (at this time part of the Russian Empire), taking machinery and equipment with them.
July 24 – Steamer capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 844 lives.
July 28 – The American occupation of Haiti (1915–34) begins.
August
August 5–23 – Hurricane Two of the 1915 Atlantic hurricane season over Galveston and New Orleans leaves 275 dead.
August 6 – WWI: Battle of Sari Bair (Gallipoli Campaign) – The Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay.
August 16 – WWI: The Allies promises the Kingdom of Serbia, should victory be achieved over Austria-Hungary and its allied Central Powers, the territories of Baranja, Srem and Slavonia from the Cisleithanian part of the Dual Monarchy, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and eastern Dalmatia (from the river of Krka to Bar).
September
September 5 – The Zimmerwald Conference begins in Switzerland.
September 6 – The prototype military tank is first tested by the British Army.
September 7 – Cartoonist John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his Raggedy Ann doll.
September 8 – WWI: A Zeppelin raid destroys No. 61 Farringdon Road, London; the premises are rebuilt in 1917, and called The Zeppelin Building.
September 11 – The Pennsylvania Railroad begins electrified commuter rail service between Paoli and Philadelphia, using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system is later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
September 12 – French soldiers rescue over 4,000 Armenian genocide survivors stranded on Musa Dagh, a mountain in the Hatay province of Turkey.
September 25–October 14 – WWI: Battle of Loos – British forces take the French town of Loos, but with substantial casualties, and are unable to press their advantage. This is the first time the British use poison gas in World War I, and also their first large-scale use of 'New' (or Kitchener's Army) units.
September 30 – WWI: Serbian Army private Radoje Ljutovac becomes the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft, with ground-to-air fire.
October
October 12 – WWI: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad, for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium.
October 15 – WWI: Serbian Campaign – Austria-Hungary invades the Kingdom of Serbia. Bulgaria enters the war, also invading Serbia. The Serbian First Army retreats towards Greece.
October 16 – WWI: France declares war on Bulgaria.
Mexican Revolution: The U.S. recognizes the Mexican government of Venustiano Carranza de facto (not de jure until 1917).
October 21 – The United Daughters of the Confederacy holds its first annual meeting outside the South, in San Francisco. Historian General Mildred Rutherford addresses the gathering on the "Historical Sins of Omission & Commission", of Yankee historians.
October 23 – WWI: The torpedoing of armored cruiser results in only 3 men being rescued from a crew of 675, the greatest single loss of life for the Imperial German Navy in the Baltic Sea during the war.
October 25 – Lyda Conley, the first American Indian woman to appear before the Supreme Court of the United States as a lawyer, is admitted to practice there.
October 27 – William Morris "Billy" Hughes becomes the 7th prime minister of Australia.
October 28 – St. Johns School fire: Fire at St. John's School in Peabody, Massachusetts, United States, claims the lives of 21 girls between the ages of 7 and 17.
November
November 18 – The U.S. silent film Inspiration, the first mainstream movie in which a leading actress (Audrey Munson) appears nude, is released.
November 21 – British polar exploration ship Endurance finally breaks apart from pressure of ice around it and sinks into the Weddell Sea, stranding Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition party in the Antarctic. The wreck is discovered at a depth of 3,008 metres (9,869ft), 107 years later in 2022.
November 23 – The Triangle Film Corporation opens its new motion picture theater in Massillon, Ohio.
November 24 – William J. Simmons revives the American Civil War era Ku Klux Klan at Stone Mountain, Georgia.
November 25 – Albert Einstein presents part of his theory of general relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
December
December 4–18 – The 'Peace Ship' Oscar II chartered by industrialist Henry Ford sails from Hoboken, New Jersey to Oslo on an independent and eventually unsuccessful mission to broker a peace conference.
December 8 – Jean Sibelius conducts the world première of his Symphony No. 5 in Helsinki at a 50th birthday concert for him.
December 10 – The 1millionth Ford car rolls off the assembly line at the River Rouge Plant in Detroit, Michigan.
December 12 – President of the Republic of China Yuan Shikai declares himself Emperor.
December 18 – United States president Woodrow Wilson marries Edith B. Galt, in Washington, D.C.
December 23 – HMHS Britannic, which will be the largest British ship lost in WWI (though with only 30 fatalities), departs Liverpool on her maiden voyage as a hospital ship.
December 26 – The Irish Republican Brotherhood Military Council decides to stage an Easter Rising in 1916.
Births
January
January 1 – Branko Ćopić, Yugoslav writer (d. 1984)
January 4 – Adolf Opálka, Czechoslovak soldier (d. 1942)
January 6 – Alan Watts, British philosopher (d. 1973)
January 9 – Fernando Lamas, Argentine-born American actor (d. 1982)
January 11 – Paddy Mayne, British soldier, co-founder of the Special Air Service (d. 1955)
January 16 – Susan Ahn Cuddy, United States Navy gunnery officer (d. 2015)
January 17 – Sammy Angott, American boxer (d. 1980)
January 18 – Santiago Carrillo, Spanish politician (d. 2012)
January 20 – Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Pakistani civil servant, 7th president of Pakistan (d. 2006)
W. Arthur Lewis, Saint Lucian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
Potter Stewart, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1985)
January 24 – Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991)
January 25 – Ewan MacColl, English folk singer, songwriter, and poet (d. 1989)
January 29 – V. V. Sadagopan, Indian film actor, music teacher, performer and composer (d. unknown)
Joachim Peiper, German Waffen-SS officer (d. 1976)
John Profumo, British politician (d. 2006)
January 31 – Thomas Merton, American monk, author (d. 1968)
February
February 1 – Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (d. 2000)
Abba Eban, South African-born Israeli foreign affairs minister (d. 2002)
Khushwant Singh, Indian writer (d. 2014)
Sir Norman Wisdom, English comedian, singer, and actor (d. 2010)
February 5 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
Teoctist Arăpașu, Romanian Orthodox Church patriarch (d. 2007)
Georges-André Chevallaz, 78th president of the Swiss Confederation (d. 2002)
February 10 – Tikka Khan, Pakistani army general (d. 2002)
February 11 – Patrick Leigh Fermor, British author and soldier (d. 2011)
Richard G. Colbert, American admiral (d. 1973)
Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (d. 1987)
Olivia Hooker, American civil rights figure (d. 2018)
February 13 – Aung San, Burmese national leader (d. 1947)
February 19 – John Freeman, British politician, diplomat and broadcaster (d. 2014)
Ann Sheridan, American film actress (d. 1967)
Anton Vratuša, 8th prime minister of Slovenia (d. 2017)
Paul Tibbets, American World War II bomber pilot (Enola Gay) (d. 2007)
February 25 – S. Rajaratnam, 1st Senior Minister of Singapore (d. 2006)
Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1987)
Zero Mostel, American film, stage actor (d. 1977)
March
László Csatáry, Hungarian convicted Nazi war criminal (d. 2013)
Carlos Surinach, Spanish-born American composer (d. 1997)
Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, Indian leader of the Dawoodi Bohra Community (d. 2014)
March 7 – Jacques Chaban-Delmas, French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2000)
March 8 – Drue Heinz, British-born American literary publisher (d. 2018)
March 9 – Johnnie Johnson, English WWII pilot (d. 2001)
March 11 – Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004)
March 17 – Bill Roycroft, Australian equestrian (d. 2011)
March 19 – Patricia Morison, American actress (d. 2018)
Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian politician, 8th president of Austria (d. 2000)
Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1997)
Sister Rosetta Tharpe, American singer (d. 1973)
Tom Pashby, Canadian ophthalmologist and sport safety advocate (d. 2005)
Vasily Zaytsev, Soviet sniper (d. 1991)
Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer (d. 1977)
Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician (d. 2015)
March 31 – Albert Hourani, English historian (d. 1993)
April
April 1 – O. W. Fischer, Austrian actor (d. 2004)
Piet de Jong, Dutch politician, naval officer, Minister of Defence and Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 2016)
Paul Touvier, French Nazi collaborator (d. 1996)
April 6 – Tadeusz Kantor, Polish painter and theatre director (d. 1990)
Stanley Adams, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1977)
Albert O. Hirschman, German-born American economist (d. 2012)
Billie Holiday, African-American singer (d. 1959)
April 8 – Ivan Supek, Croatian physicist, author, and human rights activist (d. 2007)
Sardar Ibrahim Khan, Kashmiri guerrilla leader (d. 2003)
Harry Morgan, American actor and director (d. 2011)
April 21 – Anthony Quinn, Mexican-born American actor (d. 2001)
April 29 – Donald Mills, American lead tenor of the Mills Brothers (d. 1999)
April 30 – Elio Toaff, Italian rabbi (d. 2015)
May
May 5 – Alice Faye, American entertainer (d. 1998)
May 6 – Orson Welles, American actor and director (d. 1985)
Beyers Naudé, South African cleric, theologian and activist (d. 2004)
Sir Denis Thatcher, British businessman, husband of Margaret Thatcher (d. 2003)
May 12 – Brother Roger, Swiss founder of the Taizé Community (d. 2005)
May 15 – Paul Samuelson, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009)
May 16 – Mario Monicelli, Italian film director (d. 2010)
May 19 – Renée Asherson, British actress (d. 2014)
May 20 – Moshe Dayan, Israeli military leader and politician (d. 1981)
May 27 – Herman Wouk, American author (d. 2019)
May 31 – Carmen Herrera, Cuban-born American painter (d. 2022)
June
June 2 – Tapio Wirkkala, Finnish designer (d. 1985)
June 3 – Milton Cato, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (d. 1997)
June 4 – Modibo Keïta, 1st president of Mali (d. 1977)
Saul Bellow, Canadian-born American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
Inia Te Wiata, New Zealand Māori bass-baritone opera singer, film actor, whakairo (carver) and artist (d. 1971)
June 11 – Buddy Baer, American boxer and actor (d. 1986)
June 12 – David Rockefeller, American banker and philanthropist (d. 2017)
June 14 – Loke Wan Tho, Singaporean business magnate, ornithologist, and photographer (d. 1964)
Kaiser Matanzima, President of the Transkei bantustan (d. 2003)
Nini Theilade, Danish ballet dancer, choreographer and teacher (d. 2018)
Thomas Huckle Weller, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
June 16 – Mariano Rumor, Italian politician, prime minister (1968-1970, 1973-1974) (d. 1990)
June 17 – Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (d. 2011)
June 22 – Cornelius Warmerdam, American track & field athlete (d. 2001)
June 24 – Fred Hoyle, British astronomer (d. 2001)
June 26 – George Haigh, English professional footballer and centenarian (d. 2019)
June 27 – Grace Lee Boggs, American author, social activist and philosopher (d. 2015)
June 30 – Oskar-Hubert Dennhardt, German Wehrmacht officer (d. 2014)
July
A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury, 9th president of Bangladesh (d. 2001)
Willie Dixon, American blues musician (d. 1992)
Nguyễn Văn Linh, Vietnamese revolutionary and politician, liver cancer (d. 1998)
Yu Guangyuan, Chinese economist (d. 2013)
John Woodruff, American athlete (d. 2007)
July 6 – Javaregowda, Indian language author (d. 2016)
July 8 – Lowell E. English, United States Marine Corps general (d. 2005)
July 13 – Tex Hill, Korean-American fighter pilot and flying ace (d. 2007)
July 14 – Harold Pupkewitz, Namibian entrepreneur (d. 2012)
Alicia Zubasnabar de De la Cuadra, Argentine human rights activist (d. 2008)
Kashmir Singh Katoch, Indian general (d. 2007)
July 19 – Katherine Sanford, American biologist (d. 2005)
July 24 – Enrique Fernando, Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court (d. 2004)
July 25 – Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American fighter pilot, elder brother of John F. Kennedy (d. 1944)
July 26 – K. Pattabhi Jois, Indian yogi (d. 2009)
Charles H. Townes, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
Frankie Yankovic, American accordion player (d. 1998)
Viliam Žingor, Slovak general and anti-fascist fighter (d. 1950)
August
August 2 – Neville Wigram, 2nd Baron Wigram, British army officer and member of the House of Lords (d. 2017)
August 3 – Pete Newell, Canadian-born American basketball coach (d. 2008)
August 8 – María Rostworowski, Peruvian historian (d. 2016)
August 9 – Louis Collard, Belgian fascist politician and Nazi collaborator (d. 1947)
August 12 – Michael Kidd, American choreographer (d. 2007)
August 16 – Herbert Greenwald, American real estate developer (d. 1959)
August 18 – Joseph Arthur Ankrah, 2nd president of Ghana (d. 1992)
August 19 – Ring Lardner Jr., American film screenwriter (d. 2000)
August 20 – Ivo Rojnica, Croatian-Argentine war crimes suspect, businessman, diplomat, and intelligence agent (d. 2007)
August 21 – Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman, British lawyer, political adviser (d. 1995)
Dave McCoy, American founder of the Mammoth Mountain Ski Area (d. 2020)
Wynonie Harris, African-American blues, rhythm and blues singer (d. 1969)
August 25 – Walter Trampler, American violist (d. 1997)
August 27 – Norman F. Ramsey, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
Simon Oakland, American actor (d. 1983)
Max Robertson, British sports commentator (d. 2009)
August 29 – Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (d. 1982)
Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland, British-born Swedish princess (d. 2013)
Robert Strassburg, American composer (d. 2003)
August 31 – Víctor Pey, Spanish-Chilean engineer (d. 2018)
September
September 3 – Knut Nystedt, Norwegian composer (d. 2014)
September 6 – Franz Josef Strauss, German politician (d. 1988)
September 8 – Frank Cady, American actor (d. 2012)
September 9 – Richard Webb, American actor (d. 1993)
September 10 – Edmond O'Brien, American actor (d. 1985)
September 11 – Raúl Alberto Lastiri, 39th president of Argentina (d. 1978)
September 14 – John Dobson, American astronomer (d. 2014)
September 15 – Helmut Schön, German football player, manager (d. 1996)
September 16 – Eddie Filgate, Irish politician (d. 2017)
September 17 – M. F. Husain, Indian artist (d. 2011)
September 19 – Germán Valdés, Mexican actor, singer and comedian (d. 1973)
September 20 – Malik Meraj Khalid, Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2003)
September 22 – Bernardino Piñera, Chilean Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2020)
Julius Baker, American flautist (d. 2003)
Zdenko Blažeković, Croatian politician (d. 1947)
Clifford Shull, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
September 24 – Joseph Montoya, American politician (d. 1978)
September 27 – Ira Colitz, American politician (d. 1998)
September 28 – Kay Mander, British film director, shooting continuity specialist (d. 2013)
Vincent DeDomenico, American entrepreneur (d. 2007)
Brenda Marshall, American actress (d. 1992)
Nadezhda Fedutenko, Soviet red army officer (d. 1978)
Lester Maddox, Governor of Georgia (d. 2003)
October
Jerome Bruner, American psychologist (d. 2016)
Talat Tunçalp, Turkish Olympian cyclist (d. 2017)
October 2 – Chuck Williams, American businessman (d. 2015)
October 6 – Neus Català, Spanish political activist (d. 2019)
October 7 – Walter Keane, American plagiarist (d. 2000)
October 11 – T. Llew Jones, Welsh author, poet (d. 2009)
José Bragato, Italian-born Argentine cellist, composer, conductor and arranger (d. 2017)
Tony Rafty, Australian caricaturist (d. 2015)
October 13 – Frederick Rosier, British Royal Air Force commander (d. 1998)
October 14 – Loris Francesco Capovilla, Italian Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2016)
Victor Garaygordóbil Berrizbeitia, Spanish Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2018)
H. Basil S. Cooke, Canadian geologist, palaeontologist (d. 2018)
John J. McKetta, American chemical engineer (d. 2019)
Arthur Miller, American playwright (d. 2005)
October 18 – Thomas Round, English opera singer, actor (d. 2016)
October 19 – Andreas Peter Cornelius Sol, Dutch prelate (d. 2016)
October 21 – Aleksandr Ezhevsky, Soviet engineer, statesman (d. 2017)
October 22 – Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli politician (d. 2012)
October 23 – Shin Hyun-joon, South Korean general (d. 2007)
October 24 – Bob Kane, American comic book artist/writer, co-creator of Batman (d. 1998)
October 27 – Harry Saltzman, Canadian theatre, film producer (d. 1994)
October 28 – Dody Goodman, American actress, dancer (d. 2008)
October 29 – William Berenberg, American physician (d. 2005)
November
Marion Eugene Carl, U.S. Marine Corps World War II fighter ace, test pilot (d. 1998)
Frances Hesselbein, President of the Girl Scouts of the USA, CEO of the Frances Hesselbein Leadership Institute (d. 2022)
Eva Macapagal, 9th First Lady of the Philippines (d. 1999)
November 2 – Kay Armen, American Armenian singer (d. 2011)
Wee Kim Wee, 4th president of Singapore (d. 2005)
Ismail Abdul Rahman, Malaysian politician (d. 1973)
Philip Morrison, American physicist, astrophysicist and professor (d. 2005)
Jiao Ruoyu, Chinese Communist Party politician (d. 2020)
November 8 – Richard Luyt, 1st governor general of Guyana (d. 1994)
November 9 – Sargent Shriver, American politician (d. 2011)
William Proxmire, United States senator (d. 2005)
Anna Schwartz, American economist (d. 2012)
November 12 – Roland Barthes, French philosopher, literary critic (d. 1980)
November 13 – Carla Marangoni, Italian gymnast (d. 2018)
November 17 – Albert Malbois, French prelate (d. 2017)
November 18 – James Whittico Jr., American physician (d. 2018)
November 19 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
November 20 – Bill Daniel, American politician (d. 2006)
John Dehner, American actor (d. 1992)
Julio César Méndez Montenegro, President of Guatemala (d. 1996)
Augusto Pinochet, 31st president of Chile (d. 2006)
Armando Villanueva, leader of the Peruvian American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (d. 2013)
November 26 – Henriette Mathieu-Faraggi, French nuclear physicist (d. 1985)
Eugene Polley, American electronics engineer (d. 2012)
Billy Strayhorn, American jazz pianist-composer (d. 1967)
Brownie McGhee, American musician (d. 1996)
Emmanuel Pelaez, 6th vice president of the Philippines (d. 2003)
Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
December
Prince Takahito of Mikasa, younger brother of Japanese Emperor Hirohito (d. 2016)
Marais Viljoen, President of South Africa (d. 2007)
December 5 – Ren Xinmin, Chinese aerospace engineer (d. 2017)
December 6 – Alan Sayers, New Zealand journalist, photographer and athlete (d. 2017)
December 7 – Eli Wallach, American actor (d. 2014)
December 8 – Ernest Lehman, American screenwriter (d. 2005)
December 9 – Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German-born soprano (d. 2006)
Felicity Hill, British Royal Air Force officer (d. 2019)
Frank Sinatra, American singer, actor (d. 1998)
Curd Juergens, Austrian-German film actor (d. 1982)
B. J. Vorster, South African politician, Prime Minister and State President (d. 1983)
December 14 – Dan Dailey, American actor, dancer (d. 1978)
Kenshiro Abbe, Japanese master of judo, aikido, and kendo (d. 1985)
Charles F. Wheeler, American cinematographer (d. 2004)
December 17 – Robert A. Dahl, American political scientist (d. 2014)
December 18 – Bill Zuckert, American actor (d. 1997)
Édith Piaf, French singer (d. 1963)
December 21 – Werner von Trapp, member of the Austrian Trapp Family Singers (d. 2007)
December 22 – Barbara Billingsley, American actress (d. 2010)
Mary Kornman, American child actress (d. 1973)
Gyula Zsengellér, Hungarian footballer (d. 1999)
December 31 – Davuldena Gnanissara Thero, Sri Lankan Buddhist monk (d. 2017)
Deaths
January
January 9 – Yang Shoujing, Chinese historical geographer and calligrapher (b. 1839)
January 10 – Marshall Pinckney Wilder, American actor, humorist, comedian and monologist (b. 1859)
January 13 – Mary Slessor, Scottish Christian missionary (b. 1848)
January 14 – Richard Meux Benson, English founder of an Anglican religious order (b. 1824)
January 18 – Anatoly Stessel, Russian baron and general (b. 1848)
January 19 – Anna Leonowens (Anna of The King and I) (b. 1831)
January 22 – James M. Spangler, American inventor (b. 1848)
February
February 3 – Bosnian Serb conspirators (executed for their part in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria):
Veljko Čubrilović (b. 1886)
Danilo Ilić (b. 1891)
Miško Jovanović (b. 1878)
February 5 – Ross Barnes, American baseball player (b. 1850)
Francisco Giner de los Ríos, Spanish philosopher, educator (b. 1839)
Frank James, American outlaw (b. 1843)
February 22 – Sir John Gough, British general, Victoria Cross recipient (killed in action) (b. 1871)
February 26 –Edward Richardson, New Zealand engineer and politician (b. 1831)
March
March 4 – William Willett, English promoter of daylight saving time (b. 1856)
March 13 – Sergei Witte, Russian aristocrat, statesman and Prime Minister (b. 1849)
March 14 – Lincoln J. Beachey, American pilot (b. 1887)
March 15 – George Llewelyn Davies, English soldier, inspiration for the "Lost Boys" of Peter Pan (killed in action) (b. 1893)
March 18 - Otto Weddigen, German U-boat commander during World War I (killed in action) (b.1882)
March 21 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American engineer, economist (b. 1856)
March 24 − Morgan Robertson, American author (b. 1861)
Wyndham Halswelle, Scottish runner (killed in action) (b. 1882)
Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, British banker and politician (b. 1840)
April
April 4 – Andrew Stoddart, English sportsman (b. 1863)
April 9 – Friedrich Loeffler, German bacteriologist (b. 1852)
April 11 – Maria Swanenburg, Dutch serial killer (b. 1839)
April 26 – Ida Hunt Udall, American Latter-day Saint diarist (b. 1858)
April 16 – Nelson W. Aldrich, U.S. senator from Rhode Island (b. 1841)
April 20 – Daniel Webster Jones, American Latter-day Saint pioneer (b. 1830)
Rupert Brooke, English poet (sepsis from an infected mosquito bite on active service) (b. 1887)
Frederick Fisher, Canadian recipient of Victoria Cross (killed in action) (b. 1894)
April 25 – Frederick W. Seward, American politician (b. 1830)
April 26 – John Bunny, American actor (b. 1863)
William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse, English airman, first aviator awarded Victoria Cross (b. 1887)
Alexander Scriabin, Russian composer (b. 1872)
April 30 – Edward D. Easton, founder and president of Columbia Phonograph Company (b. 1856)
May
May 7 – Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, American sportsman (b. 1877; died in the Sinking of the RMS Lusitania)
François Faber, Luxembourgish cyclist (killed in action) (b. 1887)
Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player (killed in action) (b. 1883)
May 18 – Sir William Bridges, Australian army general (b. 1861)
May 24 – John Condon, Irish private soldier in British Army, claimed as youngest British soldier to die in WWI (killed in action) (b. 1896)
Julian Grenfell, English poet (killed in action) (b. 1888)
May 30 – Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero, 3-time Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1832)
May 31 – Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, 18th governor of New South Wales (b. 1845)
June
June 5 – Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, French artist and sculptor (killed in action) (b. 1891)
June 7 – Charles Reed Bishop, American businessman, philanthropist in Hawaii (b. 1822)
June 10 – Ignatius Maloyan, Ottoman Armenian Eastern Catholic archbishop, martyr and saint (b. 1869)
June 13 – Zbigniew Dunin-Wasowicz, Polish military leader (killed in action) (b. 1882)
June 19 – Benjamin F. Isherwood, American admiral, United States Navy Engineer-in-Chief (b. 1822)
June 25 – Tok Janggut, Malayan rebel leader (killed in action) (b. 1853)
Stefano P. Israelian, Ottoman Armenian Catholic bishop, martyr (b. 1866)
July
July 2 – Porfirio Díaz, 29th president of Mexico (b. 1830)
July 6 – Lawrence Hargrave, Australian engineer (b. 1850)
July 10 – Alice Bellvadore Sams Turner, American physician (b. 1859)
July 16 – Ellen G. White, American prophetess, co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, most translated American author (b. 1827)
July 18 – Ozra Amander Hadley, American politician (b. 1826)
July 22 – Sir Sandford Fleming, Canadian engineer and inventor (b. 1827)
July 25 – Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, American-born French socialite, model for the painting Portrait of Madame X (b. 1859)
July 30 Charles Becker, American policeman and murderer (executed) (b. 1870)
August
August 10 – Henry Moseley, English physicist (killed in action) (b. 1887)
August 16 – Kálmán Széll, 13th prime minister of Hungary (b. 1843)
August 17 – Leo Frank, Jewish-American factory superintendent who was lynched after the murder of Mary Phagan (b. 1884)
Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1854)
Carlos Finlay, Cuban pathologist (b. 1833)
August 21 – Josiah T. Settle, American lawyer and politician (b. 1850)
Antonio Flores Jijón, 13th president of Ecuador (b. 1833)
Pascual Orozco, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1882)
August 31 – Adolphe Pégoud, French acrobatic pilot, World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1889)
September
September 1 – August Stramm, German poet, playwright (killed in action) (b. 1874)
Antonín Petrof, Czech piano maker (b. 1839)
Albert Spalding, American baseball player, sporting goods manufacturer (b. 1850)
September 11 – William Sprague IV, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1830)
September 13 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero, 44th governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
September 21 – Anthony Comstock, American anti-indecency reformer (b. 1844)
September 26 – Keir Hardie, British labour leader (b. 1856)
September 27 – Fergus Bowes-Lyon, brother of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (killed in action) (b. 1889)
October
Karl Staaff, 11th prime minister of Sweden (b. 1860)
John Rigby, grandfather of Eleanor Rigby, to whom Paul McCartney attributes a subconscious influence on naming the song with the same name (b.1843)
October 7 – Friedrich Hasenöhrl, Austrian physicist (b. 1874)
October 10 – Albert Cashier, born Jennie Hodgers, Irish American soldier (b. 1843)
October 12 – Edith Cavell, British nurse, war heroine (shot) (b. 1865)
October 13 – Charles Sorley, British poet (killed in action) (b. 1895)
October 15 – Theodor Boveri, German biologist (b. 1862)
October 16 – Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčková, Moravian pioneer of female education (heart attack) (b. 1868)
October 22 – Wilhelm Windelband, German philosopher (b. 1848)
October 23 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1848)
October 26 – August Bungert, German composer, poet (b. 1845)
October 30 – Sir Charles Tupper, 6th prime minister of Canada (b. 1821)
October 31 – Blanche Walsh, American actress (b. 1873)
November
Theodor Leschetizky, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1830)
Booker T. Washington, American educator (b. 1856)
November 15 – Félix de Blochausen, 6th prime minister of Luxembourg (b. 1834)
November 21 – Dixie Haygood, American magician (b. 1861)
December
December 14 – Eva Gouel, second girlfriend of Pablo Picasso
December 18 – Sir Henry Roscoe, English chemist (b. 1833)
December 18 – Édouard Vaillant, French Socialist politician (b. 1840)
December 19 – Alois Alzheimer, German psychiatrist, neuropathologist (b. 1864)
December 22 – Rose Talbot Bullard, American medical doctor, professor (b. 1864)
December 31 – Tommaso Salvini, Italian actor (b. 1829)
Nobel Prizes
Notes
Further reading
Williams, John. The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914–1918 (1972) pp 43–108.
Primary sources and year books
, Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 791pp
Hazell's Annual for 1916 (1916), worldwide events of 1915; 640pp online; worldwide coverage of 1915 events; emphasis on Great Britain
External links
Pictures of the 1915 Galveston Hurricane at the University of Houston Digital Library