Events

Pre-1600

• 338 BC A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeats the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.

• 216 BC The Carthaginian army led by Hannibal defeats a numerically superior Roman army at the Battle of Cannae.

• 49 BC Caesar, who marched to Spain earlier in the year, leaving Marcus Antonius in charge of Italy, defeats Pompey's general Afranius and Petreius in Ilerda (Lerida) north of the Ebro river.

• 47 BC Julius Caesar defeats Pharnaces II of Pontus in the battle of Zela.

• 461 Western Roman Emperor Majorian is arrested near Tortona (northern Italy) and deposed by the Suebian general Ricimer.

• 932 After a two-year siege, the city of Toledo, in Spain, surrenders to the forces of the Caliph of Córdoba Abd al-Rahman III, assuming an important victory in his campaign to subjugate the Central March.

• 1274 Edward I of England returns from the Ninth Crusade and is crowned King seventeen days later.

• 1343 After the execution of her husband, Jeanne de Clisson sells her estates and raises a force of men with which to attack French shipping and ports.

• 1377 Russian troops are defeated by forces of the Blue Horde Khan Arapsha in the Battle on Pyana River.

• 1415 Thomas Grey is executed for participating in the Southampton Plot.

• 1492 The Jews are expelled from Spain: 40,000–200,000 leave. Sultan Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire, learning of this, dispatches the Ottoman Navy to bring the Jews safely to Ottoman lands, mainly to the cities of Thessaloniki (in modern-day Greece) and İzmir (in modern-day Turkey).

1601–1900

• 1610 During Henry Hudson's search for the Northwest Passage, he sails into what is now known as Hudson Bay.

• 1776 American Revolution: The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence by the Second Continental Congress takes place.

• 1784 The first British mail coach service runs from Bristol to London.

• 1790 The first United States Census is conducted.

• 1798 French Revolutionary Wars: The Battle of the Nile concludes in a British victory.

• 1830 July Revolution: Charles X of France abdicates the throne in favor of his grandson Henri.

• 1858 The Government of India Act 1858 replaces Company rule in India with that of the British Raj.

• 1869 Japan's Edo society class system is abolished as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms.

• 1870 Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London, England, United Kingdom.

• 1873 The Clay Street Hill Railroad begins operating the first cable car in San Francisco's famous cable car system.

• 1897 Anglo-Afghan War: The Siege of Malakand ends when a relief column is able to reach the British garrison in the Malakand states.

1901–present

• 1903 The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising against the Ottoman Empire begins.

• 1909 End of the Tragic Week in Barcelona, a series of antiwar and antigovernment protests in Spain and especially in Barcelona.

• 1914 World War I: The German occupation of Luxembourg begins.

• 1916 World War I: Austrian sabotage causes the sinking of the Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci in Taranto.

• 1918 The first general strike in Canadian history takes place in Vancouver.

• 1922 A typhoon hits Shantou, Republic of China, killing more than 50,000 people.

• 1923 U.S. Vice President Calvin Coolidge becomes president upon the death of President Warren G. Harding.

• 1932 The positron (antiparticle of the electron) is discovered by Carl D. Anderson.

• 1934 Reichskanzler Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany following the death of President Paul von Hindenburg.

• 1937 The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 is passed in America, the effect of which is to render marijuana and all its by-products illegal.

• 1939 Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard write a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, urging him to begin the Manhattan Project to develop a nuclear weapon.

• 1943 The Holocaust: Jewish prisoners stage a revolt at Treblinka, one of the deadliest of Nazi death camps where approximately 900,000 persons were murdered in less than 18 months.

• 1943 World War II: After the Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 is rammed and sunk by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri, Lt. John F. Kennedy, future U.S. president, saves all but two of his crew.

• 1944 ASNOM: Birth of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, celebrated as Day of the Republic in North Macedonia.

• 1944 World War II: The largest trade convoy of the world wars arrives safely in the Western Approaches.

• 1945 World War II: The Potsdam Conference ends.

• 1947 A British South American Airways Avro Lancastrian airliner crashes into a mountain during a flight from Buenos Aires, Argentina to Santiago, Chile. The wreckage would not be found until 1998.

• 1968 An earthquake hits Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines killing more than 270 people and wounding 261.

• 1973 A flash fire kills 50 people at the Summerland amusement centre at Douglas, Isle of Man.

• 1980 A bomb explodes at the railway station in Bologna, Italy, killing 85 people and wounding more than 200.

• 1982 The Helsinki Metro, the first rapid transit system of Finland, is opened to the general public.

• 1985 Delta Air Lines Flight 191, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar, crashes at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport killing 137.

• 1989 Pakistan is re-admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations after having restored democracy for the first time since 1972.

• 1989 A massacre is carried out by an Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka killing 64 ethnic Tamil civilians.

• 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait: Iraq invades Kuwait and temporarily establishes the Republic of Kuwait puppet state on the orders of Saddam Hussein, eventually leading to the Gulf War.

• 1991 Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on STS-43 to deploy the TDRS-5 satellite.

• 1999 The Gaisal train disaster claims 285 lives in Assam, India.

• 2005 Air France Flight 358 lands at Toronto Pearson International Airport and runs off the runway, causing the plane to burst into flames, leaving 12 injuries and no fatalities.

• 2014 At least 146 people are killed and more than 114 injured in a factory explosion in Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.

Births

Pre-1600

• 1260 Kyawswa of Pagan, last ruler of the Pagan Kingdom (died 1299)

• 1455 John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (died 1499)

• 1533 Theodor Zwinger, Swiss physician and scholar (died 1588)

• 1549 Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman (died 1616)

1601–1900

• 1612 Saskia van Uylenburgh, Dutch model and wife of Rembrandt van Rijn (died 1642)

• 1627 Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten, Dutch painter (died 1678)

• 1630 Estephan El Douaihy, Maronite patriarch (died 1704)

• 1646 Jean-Baptiste du Casse, French admiral and buccaneer (died 1715)

• 1672 Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Swiss paleontologist and scholar (died 1733)

• 1674 Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (died 1723)

• 1696 Mahmud I, Ottoman sultan (died 1754)

• 1702 Dietrich of Anhalt-Dessau (died 1769)

• 1703 Lorenzo Ricci, Italian religious leader, 18th Superior General of the Society of Jesus (died 1775)

• 1740 Jean Baptiste Camille Canclaux, French general (died 1817)

• 1754 Pierre Charles L'Enfant, French-American architect and engineer, designed Washington, D.C. (died 1825)

• 1788 Leopold Gmelin, German chemist and academic (died 1853)

• 1815 Adolf Friedrich von Schack, German poet and historian (died 1894)

• 1820 John Tyndall, Irish-English physicist and mountaineer (died 1893)

• 1828 Manuel Pavía y Rodríguez de Alburquerque, Spanish general (died 1895)

• 1834 Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, French sculptor, designed the Statue of Liberty (died 1904)

• 1835 Elisha Gray, American businessman, co-founded Western Electric (died 1901)

• 1861 Prafulla Chandra Ray, Indian chemist and academic (died 1944)

• 1865 Irving Babbitt, American academic and critic (died 1933)

• 1865 John Radecki, Australian stained glass artist (died 1955)

• 1867 Ernest Dowson, English poet, novelist, and short story writer (died 1900)

• 1868 Constantine I of Greece (died 1923)

• 1870 Marianne Weber, German sociologist and suffragist (died 1954)

• 1871 John French Sloan, American painter and illustrator (died 1951)

• 1872 George E. Stewart, Australian-American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (died 1946)

• 1876 Pingali Venkayya, Indian geologist, designed the Flag of India (died 1963)

• 1877 Ravishankar Shukla, Indian lawyer and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh (died 1956)

• 1878 Aino Kallas, Finnish-Estonian author (died 1956)

• 1880 Arthur Dove, American painter and educator (died 1946)

• 1882 Red Ames, American baseball player and manager (died 1936)

• 1882 Albert Bloch, American painter and academic (died 1961)

• 1884 Rómulo Gallegos, Venezuelan author and politician, 46th President of Venezuela (died 1969)

• 1886 John Alexander Douglas McCurdy, Canadian pilot and politician, 20th Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (died 1961)

• 1887 Oskar Anderson, Bulgarian-German mathematician and statistician (died 1960)

• 1889 Margaret Lawrence, American stage actress (died 1929)

• 1891 Arthur Bliss, English composer and conductor (died 1975)

• 1891 Viktor Zhirmunsky, Russian linguist and historian (died 1971)

• 1892 Jack L. Warner, Canadian-born American production manager and producer, co-founded Warner Bros. (died 1978)

• 1894 Bertha Lutz, Brazilian feminist and scientist (died 1976)

• 1895 Matt Henderson, New Zealand cricketer (died 1970)

• 1897 Karl-Otto Koch, German SS officer (died 1945)

• 1897 Max Weber, Swiss lawyer and politician (died 1974)

• 1898 Ernő Nagy, Hungarian fencer (died 1977)

• 1899 Charles Bennett, English director and screenwriter (died 1995)

• 1900 Holling C. Holling, American author and illustrator (died 1973)

• 1900 Helen Morgan, American actress and singer (died 1941)

1901–present

• 1902 Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria (died 1971)

• 1902 Mina Rees, American mathematician (died 1997)

• 1905 Karl Amadeus Hartmann, German composer (died 1963)

• 1905 Myrna Loy, American actress (died 1993)

• 1905 Ruth Nelson, American actress (died 1992)

• 1907 Mary Hamman, American journalist and author (died 1984)

• 1910 Roger MacDougall, Scottish director, playwright, and screenwriter (died 1993)

• 1911 Ann Dvorak, American actress (died 1979)

• 1912 Palle Huld, Danish actor (died 2010)

• 1912 Håkon Stenstadvold, Norwegian painter, illustrator, and critic (died 1977)

• 1912 Vladimir Žerjavić, Croatian economist and author (died 2001)

• 1913 Xavier Thaninayagam, Sri Lankan scholar and academic (died 1980)

• 1914 Félix Leclerc, Canadian singer-songwriter, actor, and poet (died 1988)

• 1914 Big Walter Price, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 2012)

• 1914 Beatrice Straight, American actress (died 2001)

• 1915 Gary Merrill, American actor (died 1990)

• 1916 Alfonso A. Ossorio, Filipino-American painter and sculptor (died 1990)

• 1917 Wah Chang, Chinese-American artist and designer (died 2003)

• 1919 Nehemiah Persoff, Israeli-American actor (died 2022)

• 1920 Louis Pauwels, French journalist and author (died 1997)

• 1920 Augustus Rowe, Canadian physician and politician (died 2013)

• 1921 George Wilson, American comics artist (died 1998)

• 1922 Betsy Bloomingdale, American philanthropist and socialite (died 2016)

• 1922 Geoffrey Dutton, Australian historian and author (died 1998)

• 1922 Len Murray, British trade union leader (died 2004)

• 1923 Shimon Peres, Polish-Israeli lawyer and politician, 9th President of Israel (died 2016)

• 1923 Ike Williams, American boxer (died 1994)

• 1924 James Baldwin, American novelist, poet, and critic (died 1987)

• 1924 Joe Harnell, American pianist and composer (died 2005)

• 1924 Carroll O'Connor, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2001)

• 1925 K. Arulanandan, Ceylon-American engineer and academic (died 2004)

• 1925 John Dexter, English director and producer (died 1990)

• 1925 John McCormack, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2017)

• 1925 Jorge Rafael Videla, Argentinian general and politician, 43rd President of Argentina (died 2013)

• 1926 Annie Geeraerts, Belgian actress

• 1927 Peter Swinnerton-Dyer, English mathematician and academic (died 2018)

• 1928 Malcolm Hilton, English cricketer (died 1990)

• 1929 Roy Crimmins, English trombonist and composer (died 2014)

• 1929 John Gale, English director and producer (died 2025)

• 1929 Vidya Charan Shukla, Indian politician, Indian Minister of External Affairs (died 2013)

• 1929 David Waddington, Baron Waddington, English lawyer and politician, Governor of Bermuda (died 2017)

• 1929 K. M. Peyton, British children's author (died 2023)

• 1930 Vali Myers, Australian painter and dancer (died 2003)

• 1931 Pierre DuMaine, American bishop and academic (died 2019)

• 1931 Eddie Fuller, South African cricketer (died 2008)

• 1931 Karl Miller, English journalist and critic (died 2014)

• 1931 Viliam Schrojf, Czech footballer (died 2007)

• 1932 Lamar Hunt, American businessman, co-founded the American Football League and World Championship Tennis (died 2006)

• 1932 Peter O'Toole, British-Irish actor and producer (died 2013)

• 1933 Ioannis Varvitsiotis, Greek politician, Greek Minister of Defence

• 1934 Valery Bykovsky, Russian general and cosmonaut (died 2019)

• 1935 Hank Cochran, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2010)

• 1936 Anthony Payne, English composer and author (died 2021)

• 1937 Ron Brierley, New Zealand businessman

• 1937 Billy Cannon, American football player and dentist (died 2018)

• 1937 María Duval, Mexican actress and singer

• 1937 Garth Hudson, Canadian keyboard player, songwriter, and producer (died 2025)

• 1937 Tim Bowden, Australian historian and television presenter (died 2024)

• 1938 Dave Balon, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 2007)

• 1938 Pierre de Bané, Israeli-Canadian lawyer and politician (died 2019)

• 1938 Terry Peck, Falkland Islander soldier (died 2006)

• 1939 Benjamin Barber, American theorist, author, and academic (died 2017)

• 1939 Wes Craven, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2015)

• 1939 John W. Snow, American businessman and politician, 73rd United States Secretary of the Treasury

• 1940 Angel Lagdameo, Filipino archbishop (died 2022)

• 1940 Beko Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian physician and activist (died 2006)

• 1940 Will Tura, Belgian singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1941 Doris Coley, American singer (died 2000)

• 1941 Jules A. Hoffmann, Luxembourgish-French biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

• 1941 François Weyergans, Belgian director and screenwriter (died 2022)

• 1942 Isabel Allende, Chilean-American novelist, essayist, essayist

• 1942 Leo Beenhakker, Dutch football manager (died 2025)

• 1942 Juan Formell, Cuban singer-songwriter and bass player (died 2014)

• 1942 Nell Irvin Painter, American author and historian

• 1943 Herbert M. Allison, American lieutenant and businessman (died 2013)

• 1943 Tom Burgmeier, American baseball player and coach

• 1943 Jon R. Cavaiani, English-American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (died 2014)

• 1943 Rose Tremain, English novelist and short story writer

• 1944 Jim Capaldi, English drummer and singer-songwriter (died 2005)

• 1944 Naná Vasconcelos, Brazilian singer and berimbau player (died 2016)

• 1945 Joanna Cassidy, American actress

• 1945 Alex Jesaulenko, Austrian-Australian footballer and coach

• 1945 Bunker Roy, Indian educator and activist

• 1945 Eric Simms, Australian rugby league player and coach

• 1946 James Howe, American journalist and author

• 1947 Ruth Bakke, Norwegian organist and composer

• 1947 Lawrence Wright, American journalist, author, and screenwriter

• 1948 Andy Fairweather Low, Welsh singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

• 1948 Dennis Prager, American radio host and author

• 1948 Tapan Kumar Sarkar, Indian-American electrical engineer and academic (died 2021)

• 1948 James Street, American football and baseball player (died 2013)

• 1948 Snoo Wilson, English playwright and screenwriter (died 2013)

• 1949 James Fallows, American journalist and author

• 1949 Bertalan Farkas, Hungarian general and cosmonaut

• 1950 Jussi Adler-Olsen, Danish author and publisher

• 1950 Sue Rodriguez, Canadian assisted suicide advocate, diagnosed with ALS (died 1994)

• 1950 Ted Turner, British guitarist

• 1951 Andrew Gold, American singer-songwriter and producer (died 2011)

• 1951 Steve Hillage, English singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1951 Burgess Owens, American football player and politician

• 1951 Joe Lynn Turner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1951 Per Westerberg, Swedish businessman and politician, Speaker of the Parliament of Sweden

• 1952 Alain Giresse, French footballer and manager

• 1953 Donnie Munro, Scottish singer and guitarist

• 1953 Butch Patrick, American actor

• 1953 Anthony Seldon, English historian and author

• 1954 Sammy McIlroy, Northern Irish footballer and manager

• 1955 Caleb Carr, American historian and author (died 2024)

• 1955 Tony Godden, English footballer and manager

• 1955 Butch Vig, American drummer, songwriter, and record producer

• 1956 Fulvio Melia, Italian-American physicist, astrophysicist, and author

• 1957 Jacky Rosen, United States senator

• 1959 Jim Doughan, American actor

• 1959 Victoria Jackson, American actress and singer

• 1959 Johnny Kemp, Bahamian singer-songwriter and producer (died 2015)

• 1959 Apollonia Kotero, American singer and actress

• 1960 Linda Fratianne, American figure skater

• 1960 Neal Morse, American singer and keyboard player

• 1960 David Yow, American singer-songwriter

• 1961 Pete de Freitas, Trinidadian-British drummer and producer (died 1989)

• 1961 Cui Jian, Chinese singer-songwriter

• 1962 Lee Mavers, English singer, songwriter and guitarist

• 1962 Cynthia Stevenson, American actress

• 1963 Laura Bennett, American architect and fashion designer

• 1963 Uğur Tütüneker, Turkish footballer and manager

• 1964 Frank Biela, German race car driver

• 1964 Mary-Louise Parker, American actress

• 1965 Joe Hockey, Australian lawyer and politician, 38th Treasurer of Australia

• 1965 Hisanobu Watanabe, Japanese baseball player and coach

• 1966 Takashi Iizuka, Japanese wrestler

• 1966 Grainne Leahy, Irish cricketer

• 1966 Tim Wakefield, American baseball player and sportscaster (died 2023)

• 1967 Aaron Krickstein, American tennis player

• 1967 Aline Brosh McKenna, American screenwriter and producer

• 1968 Stefan Effenberg, German footballer and sportscaster

• 1968 Chrystia Freeland, Canadian politician and journalist

• 1969 Cedric Ceballos, American basketball player

• 1969 Fernando Couto, Portuguese footballer and manager

• 1970 Tony Amonte, American ice hockey player and coach

• 1970 Kevin Smith, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

• 1970 Philo Wallace, Barbadian cricketer

• 1971 Jason Bell, Australian rugby league player

• 1971 Michael Hughes, Irish footballer and manager

• 1972 Mohamed Al-Deayea, Saudi Arabian footballer

• 1972 Muriel Bowser, American politician, Mayor of Washington, D.C.

• 1973 Danie Keulder, Namibian cricketer

• 1973 Miguel Mendonça, Zimbabwean journalist and author

• 1973 Susie O'Neill, Australian swimmer

• 1974 Phil Williams, English journalist and radio host

• 1975 Mineiro, Brazilian footballer

• 1975 Xu Huaiwen, Chinese-German badminton player and coach

• 1975 Tamás Molnár, Hungarian water polo player

• 1976 Reyes Estévez, Spanish runner

• 1976 Jay Heaps, American soccer player and coach

• 1976 Michael Weiss, American figure skater

• 1976 Pritam Singh, Singaporean lawyer and politician

• 1976 Sam Worthington, English-Australian actor and producer

• 1976 Mohammad Zahid, Pakistani cricketer

• 1977 Edward Furlong, American actor

• 1978 Goran Gavrančić, Serbian footballer

• 1978 Matt Guerrier, American baseball player

• 1978 Deividas Šemberas, Lithuanian footballer

• 1978 Dragan Vukmir, Serbian footballer

• 1979 Marco Bonura, Italian footballer

• 1979 Reuben Kosgei, Kenyan runner

• 1980 Ivica Banović, Croatian footballer

• 1981 Alexander Emelianenko, Russian mixed martial artist and boxer

• 1981 Tim Murtagh, English-Irish cricketer

• 1982 Hélder Postiga, Portuguese footballer

• 1982 Kerry Rhodes, American football player

• 1982 Grady Sizemore, American baseball player

• 1983 Michel Bastos, Brazilian footballer

• 1983 Huston Street, American baseball player

• 1984 Giampaolo Pazzini, Italian footballer

• 1984 JD Vance, American politician, 50th vice president of the United States

• 1985 Stephen Ferris, Irish rugby player

• 1985 David Hart Smith, Canadian wrestler

• 1986 Mathieu Razanakolona, Canadian skier

• 1986 Lily Gladstone, American actress

• 1988 Rob Kwiet, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1988 Golden Tate, American football player

• 1989 Nacer Chadli, Belgian footballer

• 1990 Ima Bohush, Belarusian tennis player

• 1990 Vitalia Diatchenko, Russian tennis player

• 1990 Skylar Diggins, American basketball player

• 1991 Evander Kane, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1992 Charli XCX, English singer-songwriter

• 1993 Gael Bussa, Congolese politician

• 1993 Joey Florez, American scholar and cultural critic

• 1994 Cr1TiKaL, American YouTuber and streamer

• 1994 Emil Krafth, Swedish footballer

• 1994 Laura Pigossi, Brazilian tennis player

• 1994 Laremy Tunsil, American football player

• 1995 Kristaps Porziņģis, Latvian basketball player

• 1995 Vikkstar123, English internet personality

• 1996 Keston Hiura, American baseball player

• 1996 Simone Manuel, American swimmer

• 1997 Austin Theory, American wrestler

• 1999 Anastasios Douvikas, Greek footballer

• 1999 Mark Lee, Korean-Canadian singer

• 1999 Joël Piroe, Dutch-Surinamese footballer

• 2000 Varvara Gracheva, Russian tennis player

• 2000 Mohammed Kudus, Ghanaian footballer

• 2006 Héctor Fort, Spanish footballer

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 216 BC Gnaeus Servilius Geminus, Roman consul

• 216 BC Lucius Aemilius Paullus, Roman consul and general

• 216 BC Marcus Minucius Rufus, Roman consul

• 257 Pope Stephen I

• 575 Ahudemmeh, Syriac Orthodox Grand Metropolitan of the East.

• 640 Pope Severinus

• 686 Pope John V

• 855 Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Arab theologian and jurist (born 780)

• 924 Ælfweard of Wessex (born 904)

• 1075 Patriarch John VIII of Constantinople

• 1100 William II of England (born 1056)

• 1222 Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse (born 1156)

• 1277 Mu'in al-Din Sulaiman Pervane, Chancellor and Regent of the Sultanate of Rum

• 1316 Louis of Burgundy (born 1297)

• 1330 Yolande of Dreux, Queen consort of Scotland and Duchess consort of Brittany (born 1263)

• 1332 King Christopher II of Denmark (born 1276)

• 1415 Thomas Grey, English conspirator (born 1384)

• 1445 Oswald von Wolkenstein, Austrian poet and composer (born 1376)

• 1451 Elizabeth of Görlitz (born 1390)

• 1511 Andrew Barton, Scottish admiral (born 1466)

• 1512 Alessandro Achillini, Italian physician and philosopher (born 1463)

• 1589 Henry III of France (born 1551)

1601–1900

• 1605 Richard Leveson, English admiral (born c. 1570)

• 1611 Katō Kiyomasa, Japanese daimyō (born 1562)

• 1667 Francesco Borromini, Swiss architect, designed San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane and Sant'Agnese in Agone (born 1599)

• 1696 Robert Campbell of Glenlyon (born 1630)

• 1769 Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, English politician, Lord President of the Council (born 1689)

• 1788 Thomas Gainsborough, English painter (born 1727)

• 1799 Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier, French inventor, co-invented the hot air balloon (born 1745)

• 1815 Guillaume Brune, French general and politician (born 1763)

• 1823 Lazare Carnot, French mathematician, general, and politician, president of the National Convention (born 1753)

• 1834 Harriet Arbuthnot, English diarist (born 1793)

• 1849 Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Ottoman Albanian commander (born 1769)

• 1854 Heinrich Clauren, German author (born 1771)

• 1859 Horace Mann, American educator and politician (born 1796)

• 1876 "Wild Bill" Hickok, American sheriff (born 1837)

• 1889 Eduardo Gutiérrez, Argentinian author (born 1851)

• 1890 Louise-Victorine Ackermann, French poet and author (born 1813)

1901–present

• 1903 Eduard Magnus Jakobson, Estonian missionary and engraver (born 1847)

• 1903 Edmond Nocard, French veterinarian and microbiologist (born 1850)

• 1911 Ioryi Mucitano, Aromanian revolutionary

• 1913 Ferenc Pfaff, Hungarian architect and academic, designed Zagreb Central Station (born 1851)

• 1915 John Downer, Australian politician, 16th premier of South Australia (born 1843)

• 1921 Enrico Caruso, Italian tenor and actor (born 1873)

• 1922 Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish-Canadian engineer, invented the telephone (born 1847)

• 1923 Warren G. Harding, American journalist and politician, 29th president of the United States (born 1865)

• 1923 Joseph Whitty, Irish Republican died on hunger strike during the 1923 Irish Hunger Strikes (born 1904)

• 1934 Paul von Hindenburg, German field marshal and politician, 2nd president of Germany (born 1847)

• 1937 Artur Sirk, Estonian soldier, lawyer, and politician (born 1900)

• 1939 Harvey Spencer Lewis, American mystic and author (born 1883)

• 1945 Pietro Mascagni, Italian composer and educator (born 1863)

• 1955 Alfred Lépine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1901)

• 1955 Wallace Stevens, American poet and educator (born 1879)

• 1963 Oliver La Farge, American anthropologist and author (born 1901)

• 1967 Walter Terence Stace, English-American epistemologist, philosopher, and academic (born 1886)

• 1970 Angus MacFarlane-Grieve, English academic, mathematician, rower, and soldier (born 1891)

• 1972 Brian Cole, American bass player (born 1942)

• 1972 Paul Goodman, American psychotherapist and author (born 1911)

• 1972 Helen Hoyt, American poet and author (born 1887)

• 1973 Ismail Abdul Rahman, Former Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia (born 1915)

• 1973 Jean-Pierre Melville, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1917)

• 1974 Douglas Hawkes, English race car driver and businessman (born 1893)

• 1976 László Kalmár, Hungarian mathematician and academic (born 1905)

• 1976 Fritz Lang, Austrian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1890)

• 1978 Carlos Chávez, Mexican composer and conductor (born 1899)

• 1978 Antony Noghès, French businessman, founded the Monaco Grand Prix (born 1890)

• 1979 Thurman Munson, American baseball player (born 1947)

• 1981 Kieran Doherty, Irish republican, died on hunger strike (born 1955)

• 1981 Stefanie Clausen, Danish diver (born 1900)

• 1983 James Jamerson, American bass player (born 1936)

• 1986 Roy Cohn, American lawyer and politician (born 1927)

• 1988 Joe Carcione, American activist and author (born 1914)

• 1988 Raymond Carver, American short story writer and poet (born 1938)

• 1990 Norman Maclean, American short story writer and essayist (born 1902)

• 1990 Edwin Richfield, English actor and screenwriter (born 1921)

• 1992 Michel Berger, French singer-songwriter and producer (born 1947)

• 1996 Michel Debré, French lawyer and politician, 150th prime minister of France (born 1912)

• 1996 Obdulio Varela, Uruguayan footballer and manager (born 1917)

• 1996 Mohamed Farrah Aidid, Somalian general and politician, 5th president of Somalia (born 1934)

• 1996 Sergey Golovkin, Russian serial killer and rapist, last person executed by Russia (born 1959)

• 1997 William S. Burroughs, American novelist, short story writer, and essayist (born 1914)

• 1997 Harald Kihle, Norwegian painter and illustrator (born 1905)

• 1997 Fela Kuti, Nigerian singer-songwriter and activist (born 1938)

• 1998 Shari Lewis, American television host and puppeteer (born 1933)

• 1999 Willie Morris, American writer (born 1934)

• 2003 Peter Safar, Austrian-American physician and academic (born 1924)

• 2004 Ferenc Berényi, Hungarian painter and academic (born 1929)

• 2004 François Craenhals, Belgian illustrator (born 1926)

• 2004 Heinrich Mark, Estonian lawyer and politician, 5th prime minister of Estonia in exile (born 1911)

• 2005 Steven Vincent, American journalist and author (born 1955)

• 2007 Chauncey Bailey, American journalist (born 1950)

• 2008 Fujio Akatsuka, Japanese illustrator (born 1935)

• 2011 José Sanchis Grau, Spanish author and illustrator (born 1932)

• 2012 Gabriel Horn, English biologist and academic (born 1927)

• 2012 Magnus Isacsson, Canadian director and producer (born 1948)

• 2012 Jimmy Jones, American singer-songwriter (born 1930)

• 2012 John Keegan, English historian and journalist (born 1934)

• 2012 Bernd Meier, German footballer (born 1972)

• 2012 Marguerite Piazza, American soprano (born 1920)

• 2013 Julius L. Chambers, American lawyer and activist (born 1936)

• 2013 Richard E. Dauch, American businessman, co-founded American Axle (born 1942)

• 2013 Alla Kushnir, Russian–Israeli chess player (born 1941)

• 2014 Ed Joyce, American journalist (born 1932)

• 2014 Billie Letts, American author and educator (born 1938)

• 2014 Barbara Prammer, Austrian social worker and politician (born 1954)

• 2014 James Thompson, American-Finnish author (born 1964)

• 2015 Forrest Bird, American pilot and engineer (born 1921)

• 2015 Giovanni Conso, Italian jurist and politician, Italian Minister of Justice (born 1922)

• 2015 Piet Fransen, Dutch footballer (born 1936)

• 2015 Jack Spring, American baseball player (born 1933)

• 2016 Terence Bayler, New Zealand actor (born 1930)

• 2016 David Huddleston, American actor (born 1930)

• 2016 Franciszek Macharski, Polish cardinal (born 1927)

• 2016 Ahmed Zewail, Egyptian-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1946)

• 2017 Judith Jones, American literary and cookbook editor (born 1924)

• 2020 Suzanne Perlman, Hungarian-Dutch visual artist (born 1922)

• 2022 Vin Scully, American sportscaster and game show host (born 1927)

• 2023 Nitin Chandrakant Desai, Indian art director, production designer, and film and television producer (born 1965)

Holidays and observances

Christian feast day:

• Ahudemmeh (Syriac Orthodox Church).

• Basil Fool for Christ (Russian Orthodox Church)

• Ceferino Giménez Malla

• Centola and Helen

• Joan of Aza

• Justin Russolillo

• Peter Julian Eymard

• Plegmund

• Pope Stephen I

• Portiuncola Indulgence ("Pardon of Assisi"), the plenary indulgence related to St. Francis of Assisi (Catholic Church).

• Samuel David Ferguson (Episcopal Church)

• August 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

• Day of Azerbaijani cinema (Azerbaijan)

• Our Lady of the Angels Day (Costa Rica)

• Paratroopers Day (Russia)

• Republic Day (North Macedonia)

Romani genocide-related observances, including:

• Roma Holocaust Memorial Day (Council of Europe, European Parliament)

References

External links