Events

Pre-1600

• 383 AD Roman Emperor Gratian is murdered at a banquet after having surrendered to the forces of rival emperor Magnus Maximus.

• 450 Marcian is proclaimed Eastern Roman emperor at Hebdomon and marries empress Pulcheria.

• 766 Emperor Constantine V humiliates nineteen high-ranking officials, after discovering a plot against him. He executes the leaders, Constantine Podopagouros and his brother Strategios.

• 1248 The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III, the Archbishop of Utrecht.

• 1258 Regent George Mouzalon and his brothers are killed during a coup headed by the aristocratic faction under Michael VIII Palaiologos, paving the way for its leader to ultimately usurp the throne of the Empire of Nicaea.

• 1270 Philip III, although suffering from dysentery, becomes King of France following the death of his father Louis IX, during the Eighth Crusade. His uncle, Charles I of Naples, is forced to begin peace negotiations with Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Hafsid Sultan of Tunis.

• 1537 The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, is formed.

• 1543 António Mota and a few companions become the first Europeans to visit Japan.

• 1580 War of the Portuguese Succession: Spanish victory at the Battle of Alcântara brings about the Iberian Union.

1601–1900

• 1609 Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.

• 1630 Portuguese forces are defeated by the Kingdom of Kandy at the Battle of Randeniwela in Sri Lanka.

• 1651 A parliamentarian army defeats a royalist army under James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby, in the battle of Wigan Lane during the Third English Civial War.

• 1758 Seven Years' War: Frederick II of Prussia defeats the Russian army at the Battle of Zorndorf.

• 1814 War of 1812: On the second day of the Burning of Washington, British troops torch the Library of Congress, United States Treasury, Department of War, and other public buildings.

• 1823 American fur trapper Hugh Glass is mauled by a grizzly bear while on an expedition in South Dakota.

• 1825 The Thirty-Three Orientals declare the independence of Uruguay from Brazil.

• 1830 The Belgian Revolution begins.

• 1835 The first Great Moon Hoax article is published in The New York Sun, announcing the discovery of life and civilization on the Moon.

• 1875 Captain Matthew Webb becomes the first person to swim across the English Channel, traveling from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in 21 hours and 45 minutes.

• 1883 France and Viet Nam sign the Treaty of Huế, recognizing a French protectorate over Annam and Tonkin.

• 1894 Kitasato Shibasaburō discovers the infectious agent of the bubonic plague and publishes his findings in The Lancet.

1901–present

• 1904 Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Liaoyang begins.

• 1912 The Kuomintang is founded for the first time in Peking.

• 1914 World War I: Japan declares war on Austria-Hungary.

• 1914 World War I: The library of the Catholic University of Leuven is deliberately destroyed by the German Army. Hundreds of thousands of irreplaceable volumes and Gothic and Renaissance manuscripts are lost.

• 1916 The United States National Park Service is created.

• 1920 Polish–Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw, which began on August 13, ends with the Red Army's defeat.

• 1933 The Diexi earthquake strikes Mao County, Sichuan, China and kills 9,000 people.

• 1933 Nazi Germany and the Zionist Federation of Germany signed the Haavara Agreement. The agreement was a major factor in breaking the anti-Nazi boycott of 1933 and facilitated Jewish emigration from Germany and into British Mandate of Palestine.

• 1939 As part of its S-Plan, the Irish Republican Army carries out the 1939 Coventry bombing in which five civilians were killed.

• 1939 The United Kingdom and Poland form a military alliance in which the UK promises to defend Poland in case of invasion by a foreign power.

• 1940 World War II: The first Bombing of Berlin by the British Royal Air Force.

• 1941 World War II: Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran: The United Kingdom and the Soviet Union jointly stage an invasion of the Imperial State of Iran.

• 1942 World War II: Second day of the Battle of the Eastern Solomons; a Japanese naval transport convoy headed towards Guadalcanal is turned back by an Allied air attack.

• 1942 World War II: Battle of Milne Bay: Japanese marines assault Allied airfields at Milne Bay, New Guinea, initiating the Battle of Milne Bay.

• 1944 World War II: Paris is liberated by the Allies.

• 1945 Ten days after World War II ends with Japan announcing its surrender, armed supporters of the Chinese Communist Party kill U.S. intelligence officer John Birch, regarded by some of the American right as the first victim of the Cold War.

• 1945 The August Revolution ends as Emperor Bảo Đại abdicates, ending the Nguyễn dynasty.

• 1948 The House Un-American Activities Committee holds first-ever televised congressional hearing: "Confrontation Day" between Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss.

• 1950 To avert a threatened strike during the Korean War, President Truman orders Secretary of the Army Frank Pace to seize control of the nation's railroads.

• 1958 The world's first publicly marketed instant noodles, Chikin Ramen, are introduced by Taiwanese-Japanese businessman Momofuku Ando.

• 1960 The Games of the XVII Olympiad commence in Rome, Italy.

• 1961 President Jânio Quadros of Brazil resigns after just seven months in power, initiating a political crisis that culminates in a military coup in 1964.

• 1967 George Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party, is assassinated by a former member of his group.

• 1980 Zimbabwe joins the United Nations.

• 1980 The last performance of the Jahrhundertring at the Bayreuth Festival receives ovations of 45 minutes.

• 1981 Voyager 2 spacecraft makes its closest approach to Saturn.

• 1985 Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808 crashes near Auburn/Lewiston Municipal Airport in Auburn, Maine, killing all eight people on board including peace activist and child actress Samantha Smith.

• 1989 Voyager 2 spacecraft makes its closest approach to Neptune, the last planet in the Solar System at the time, due to Pluto being within Neptune's orbit from 1979 to 1999.

• 1989 Pakistan International Airlines Flight 404, carrying 54 people, disappears over the Himalayas after takeoff from Gilgit Airport in Pakistan. The aircraft was never found.

• 1991 Belarus gains its independence from the Soviet Union.

• 1991 The Battle of Vukovar begins. An 87-day siege of Vukovar by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), supported by various Serb paramilitary forces, between August and November 1991 (during the Croatian War of Independence).

• 1991 Linus Torvalds announces the first version of what will become Linux.

• 1997 Egon Krenz, the former East German leader, is convicted of a shoot-to-kill policy at the Berlin Wall.

• 2001 American singer Aaliyah and several members of her entourage are killed as their overloaded aircraft crashes shortly after takeoff from Marsh Harbour Airport, Bahamas.

• 2003 NASA successfully launches the Spitzer Space Telescope into space.

• 2005 Hurricane Katrina makes landfall in Florida.

• 2006 Former Prime Minister of Ukraine Pavlo Lazarenko is sentenced to nine years imprisonment for money laundering, wire fraud, and extortion.

• 2010 A Filair Let L-410 Turbolet crashes on approach to Bandundu Airport, killing 20.

• 2011 Fifty-two people are killed during an arson attack caused by members of the drug cartel Los Zetas.

• 2012 Voyager 1 spacecraft enters interstellar space, becoming the first man-made object to do so.

• 2017 Hurricane Harvey makes landfall in Texas as a powerful Category 4 hurricane, the strongest hurricane to make landfall in the United States since 2004.

• 2017 Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present): One hundred seventy people are killed in at least 26 separate attacks carried out by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, leading to the governments of Myanmar and Malaysia designating the group as a terrorist organisation.

Births

Pre-1600

• 1467 Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 2nd Duke of Alburquerque, Spanish duke (died 1526)

• 1491 Innocenzo Cybo, Italian cardinal (died 1550)

• 1509 Ippolito II d'Este, Italian cardinal and statesman (died 1572)

• 1530 Ivan the Terrible, Russian ruler (died 1584)

• 1540 Lady Catherine Grey, English noblewoman (died 1568)

• 1561 Philippe van Lansberge, Dutch astronomer and mathematician (died 1632)

1601–1900

• 1605 Philipp Moritz, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noble (died 1638)

• 1624 François de la Chaise, French priest (died 1709)

• 1662 John Leverett the Younger, American lawyer, academic, and politician (died 1724)

• 1707 Louis I of Spain (died 1724)

• 1724 George Stubbs, English painter and academic (died 1806)

• 1741 Karl Friedrich Bahrdt, German theologian and author (died 1792)

• 1744 Johann Gottfried Herder, German poet, philosopher, and critic (died 1803)

• 1758 Franz Teyber, Austrian organist and composer (died 1810)

• 1767 Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, French soldier and politician (died 1794)

• 1776 Thomas Bladen Capel, English admiral (died 1853)

• 1786 Ludwig I of Bavaria, King of Bavaria (died 1868)

• 1793 John Neal, American writer, critic, editor, lecturer, and activist (died 1876)

• 1796 James Lick, American carpenter and piano builder (died 1876)

• 1802 Nikolaus Lenau, Romanian-Austrian poet and author (died 1850)

• 1803 Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias (died 1880)

• 1812 Nikolay Zinin, Russian organic chemist (died 1880)

• 1817 Marie-Eugénie de Jésus, French nun and saint, founded the Religious of the Assumption (died 1898)

• 1819 Allan Pinkerton Scottish-American barrel maker, private detective (co-founder of Pinkerton Agency), abolitionist, and spy (died 1884)

• 1828 Jane Stanford American philanthropist, co-founder of Stanford University, first lady of California (died 1905)

• 1829 Carlo Acton, Italian pianist and composer (died 1909)

• 1836 Bret Harte, American short story writer and poet (died 1902)

• 1840 George C. Magoun, American businessman (died 1893)

• 1841 Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1917)

• 1845 Ludwig II of Bavaria, King of Bavaria (died 1886)

• 1850 Charles Richet, French physiologist and occultist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1935)

• 1867 James W. Gerard, American lawyer and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Germany (died 1951)

• 1869 Tom Kiely, British-Irish decathlete (died 1951)

• 1875 Agnes Mowinckel, Norwegian actress (died 1963)

• 1877 Joshua Lionel Cowen, American businessman, co-founded the Lionel Corporation (died 1965)

• 1878 Ted Birnie, English footballer and manager (died 1935)

• 1882 Seán T. O'Kelly, Irish journalist and politician, 2nd President of Ireland (died 1966)

• 1889 Alexander Mair, Australian politician, 26th Premier of New South Wales (died 1969)

• 1891 David Shimoni, Belarusian-Israeli poet and translator (died 1956)

• 1893 Henry Trendley Dean, American dentist (died 1962)

• 1898 Helmut Hasse, German mathematician and academic (died 1975)

• 1898 Arthur Wood, English cricketer (died 1973)

• 1899 Paul Herman Buck, American historian and author (died 1978)

• 1900 Isobel Hogg Kerr Beattie, Scottish architect (died 1970)

• 1900 Hans Adolf Krebs, German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1981)

1901–present

• 1902 Stefan Wolpe, German-American composer and educator (died 1972)

• 1903 Arpad Elo, Hungarian-American chess player, created the Elo rating system (died 1992)

• 1905 Faustina Kowalska, Polish nun and saint (died 1938)

• 1906 Jim Smith, English cricketer (died 1979)

• 1909 Ruby Keeler, Canadian-American actress, singer, and dancer (died 1993)

• 1909 Michael Rennie, English actor and producer (died 1971)

• 1910 George Cisar, American baseball player (died 2010)

• 1910 Dorothea Tanning, American painter, sculptor, and poet (died 2012)

• 1911 Võ Nguyên Giáp, Vietnamese general and politician, 3rd Minister of Defence for Vietnam (died 2013)

• 1912 Erich Honecker, German politician (died 1994)

• 1913 Don DeFore, American actor (died 1993)

• 1913 Walt Kelly, American illustrator and animator (died 1973)

• 1916 Van Johnson, American actor (died 2008)

• 1916 Frederick Chapman Robbins, American pediatrician and virologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2003)

• 1916 Saburō Sakai, Japanese lieutenant and pilot (died 2000)

• 1917 Mel Ferrer, American actor, director, and producer (died 2008)

• 1918 Leonard Bernstein, American pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1990)

• 1918 Richard Greene, English actor (died 1985)

• 1919 William P. Foster, American bandleader and educator (died 2010)

• 1919 George Wallace, American lawyer, and politician, 45th Governor of Alabama (died 1998)

• 1919 Jaap Rijks, Dutch Olympic medalist (died 2017)

• 1921 Monty Hall, Canadian television personality and game show host (died 2017)

• 1921 Bryce Mackasey, Canadian businessman and politician, 20th Canadian Minister of Labour (died 1999)

• 1921 Brian Moore, Northern Irish-Canadian author and screenwriter (died 1999)

• 1923 Álvaro Mutis, Colombian-Mexican author and poet (died 2013)

• 1923 Allyre Sirois, Canadian lawyer and judge (died 2012)

• 1924 Zsuzsa Körmöczy, Hungarian tennis player and coach (died 2006)

• 1925 Thea Astley, Australian journalist and author (died 2004)

• 1925 Hilmar Hoffmann, German film and culture academic (died 2018)

• 1925 Stepas Butautas, Lithuanian basketball player and coach (died 2001)

• 1927 Althea Gibson, American tennis player and golfer (died 2003)

• 1927 Des Renford, Australian swimmer (died 1999)

• 1928 John "Kayo" Dottley, American football player (died 2018)

• 1928 Darrell Johnson, American baseball player, coach, and manager (died 2004)

• 1928 Karl Korte, American composer and academic (died 2022)

• 1928 Herbert Kroemer, German-American physicist, engineer, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2024)

• 1930 Sean Connery, Scottish actor and producer (died 2020)

• 1930 György Enyedi, Hungarian economist and geographer (died 2012)

• 1930 Graham Jarvis, Canadian actor (died 2003)

• 1930 Crispin Tickell, English academic and diplomat, British Permanent Representative to the United Nations (died 2022)

• 1931 Regis Philbin, American actor and television host (died 2020)

• 1932 Anatoly Kartashov, Soviet aviator and cosmonaut (died 2005)

• 1933 Patrick F. McManus, American journalist and author (died 2018)

• 1933 Wayne Shorter, American saxophonist and composer (died 2023)

• 1933 Tom Skerritt, American actor

• 1934 Lise Bacon, Canadian judge and politician, Deputy Premier of Quebec (died 2025)

• 1934 Eddie Ilarde, Filipino journalist and politician (died 2020)

• 1935 Charles Wright, American poet

• 1936 Giridharilal Kedia, Indian businessman (died 2009)

• 1937 Jimmy Hannan, Australian television host and singer (died 2019)

• 1937 Virginia Euwer Wolff, American author

• 1938 David Canary, American actor (died 2015)

• 1938 Frederick Forsyth, English journalist and author (died 2025)

• 1939 John Badham, English-American actor, director, and producer

• 1939 Marshall Brickman, Brazilian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2024)

• 1940 Wilhelm von Homburg, German boxer and actor (died 2004)

• 1941 Mario Corso, Italian footballer and coach (died 2020)

• 1941 Ludwig Müller, German footballer (died 2021)

• 1942 Nathan Deal, American lawyer, and politician, 82nd Governor of Georgia

• 1942 Pat Ingoldsby, Irish poet and television presenter (died 2025)

• 1942 Ivan Koloff, Canadian wrestler (died 2017)

• 1943 Pete Stemkowski, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1944 Conrad Black, Canadian historian and author

• 1944 Jacques Demers, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and politician

• 1944 Anthony Heald, American actor

• 1944 Andrew Longmore, British lawyer and judge

• 1945 Daniel Hulet, Belgian cartoonist (died 2011)

• 1945 Hannah Louise Shearer, American screenwriter and producer

• 1946 Rollie Fingers, American baseball player

• 1946 Charles Ghigna, American poet and author

• 1946 Charlie Sanders, American football player and sportscaster (died 2015)

• 1947 Michael Kaluta, American author and illustrator

• 1947 Keith Tippett, British jazz pianist and composer (died 2020)

• 1948 Ledward Kaapana, American singer and guitarist

• 1948 Nicholas A. Peppas, Greek chemist and biologist

• 1949 Martin Amis, British novelist (died 2023)

• 1949 Rijkman Groenink, Dutch banker and academic

• 1949 John Savage, American actor and producer

• 1949 Gene Simmons, Israeli-American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor

• 1950 Willy DeVille, American singer and songwriter (died 2009)

• 1950 Charles Fambrough, American bassist, composer, and producer (died 2011)

• 1951 Rob Halford, English heavy metal singer-songwriter

• 1951 Bill Handel, Brazilian-American lawyer and radio host

• 1952 Kurban Berdyev, Turkmen footballer and manager

• 1952 Geoff Downes, English keyboard player, songwriter, and producer

• 1952 Duleep Mendis, Sri Lankan cricketer and coach

• 1954 Elvis Costello, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

• 1954 Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness, Scottish lawyer and politician, First Minister of Scotland

• 1955 John McGeoch, Scottish guitarist (died 2004)

• 1955 Gerd Müller, German businessman and politician

• 1956 Matt Aitken, English songwriter and record producer

• 1956 Takeshi Okada, Japanese footballer, coach, and manager

• 1956 Henri Toivonen, Finnish race car driver (died 1986)

• 1957 Sikander Bakht, Pakistani cricketer and sportscaster

• 1957 Simon McBurney, English actor and director

• 1957 Frank Serratore, American ice hockey player and coach

• 1958 Tim Burton, American director, producer, and screenwriter

• 1958 Christian LeBlanc, American actor

• 1959 Ian Falconer, American author and illustrator (died 2023)

• 1959 Steve Levy, American lawyer and politician

• 1959 Bernardo Rezende, Brazilian volleyball coach and player

• 1959 Lane Smith, American author and illustrator

• 1959 Ruth Ann Swenson, American soprano and actress

• 1960 Ashley Crow, American actress

• 1960 David Mabuza, South African politician, 8th Deputy President of South Africa (died 2025)

• 1960 Georg Zellhofer, Austrian footballer and manager

• 1961 Billy Ray Cyrus, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor

• 1961 Dave Tippett, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

• 1961 Ally Walker, American actress

• 1961 Joanne Whalley, English actress

• 1962 Taslima Nasrin, Bangladeshi author

• 1962 Theresa Andrews, American swimmer

• 1962 Vivian Campbell, Northern Irish rock guitarist and songwriter

• 1962 Michael Zorc, German footballer

• 1963 Miro Cerar, Slovenian lawyer and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Slovenia

• 1963 Shock G, American rapper and producer (died 2021)

• 1963 Tiina Intelmann, Estonian lawyer and diplomat

• 1964 Azmin Ali, Malaysian mathematician and politician

• 1964 Maxim Kontsevich, Russian-American mathematician and academic

• 1964 Blair Underwood, American actor

• 1965 Cornelius Bennett, American football player

• 1965 Tim Cain, American video game designer

• 1965 Sanjeev Sharma, Indian cricketer and coach

• 1965 Mia Zapata, American singer (died 1993)

• 1966 Albert Belle, American baseball player

• 1966 Michael Cohen, former personal attorney to Donald Trump

• 1966 Robert Maschio, American actor

• 1966 Derek Sherinian, American keyboard player, songwriter, and producer

• 1966 Terminator X, American hip-hop DJ

• 1967 Tom Hollander, English actor

• 1967 Jeff Tweedy, American singer-songwriter, musician, and producer

• 1967 Jon Husted, American politician

• 1968 David Alan Basche, American actor

• 1968 Stuart Murdoch, Scottish singer-songwriter

• 1968 Spider One, American singer-songwriter and producer

• 1968 Rachael Ray, American chef, author, and television host

• 1968 Takeshi Ueda, Japanese singer-songwriter and bass player

• 1969 Olga Konkova, Norwegian-Russian pianist and composer

• 1969 Cameron Mathison, Canadian actor and television personality

• 1969 Catriona Matthew, Scottish golfer

• 1969 Vivek Razdan, Indian cricketer, coach, and sportscaster

• 1970 Doug Glanville, American baseball player and sportscaster

• 1970 Debbie Graham, American tennis player

• 1970 Robert Horry, American basketball player and sportscaster

• 1970 Adrian Lam, Papua New Guinean-Australian rugby league player and coach

• 1970 Sille Lundquist, Danish model and fashion model (died 2018)

• 1970 Jo Dee Messina, American singer-songwriter

• 1970 Claudia Schiffer, German model and fashion designer

• 1971 Jason Death, Australian rugby league player

• 1971 Nathan Page, Australian actor

• 1972 Marvin Harrison, American football player

• 1973 Fatih Akın, German director, producer, and screenwriter

• 1974 Eric Millegan, American actor

• 1974 Pablo Ozuna, Dominican baseball player

• 1975 Brad Drew, Australian rugby league player

• 1975 Petria Thomas, Australian swimmer and coach

• 1976 Damon Jones, American basketball player and coach

• 1976 Javed Qadeer, Pakistani cricketer and coach

• 1976 Alexander Skarsgård, Swedish actor

• 1977 Masumi Asano, Japanese voice actress and producer

• 1977 Andy McDonald, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1977 Jonathan Togo, American actor

• 1978 Kel Mitchell, American actor, producer, and screenwriter

• 1978 Robert Mohr, German rugby player

• 1979 Marlon Harewood, English footballer

• 1979 Philipp Mißfelder, German historian and politician (died 2015)

• 1979 Deanna Nolan, American basketball player

• 1981 Rachel Bilson, American actress

• 1981 Jan-Berrie Burger, Namibian cricketer

• 1981 Camille Pin, French tennis player

• 1982 Jung Jung-suk, South Korean footballer (died 2011)

• 1982 Nick Schultz, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1983 James Rossiter, English race car driver

• 1984 Florian Mohr, German footballer

• 1984 Anya Monzikova, Russian-American model and actress

• 1986 Rodney Ferguson, American footballer

• 1987 Stacey Farber, Canadian actress

• 1987 Velimir Jovanović, Serbian footballer

• 1987 Blake Lively, American model and actress

• 1987 Amy Macdonald, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1987 Justin Upton, American baseball player

• 1987 Adam Warren, American baseball player

• 1987 James Wesolowski, Australian footballer

• 1988 Angela Park, Brazilian-American golfer

• 1988 Giga Chikadze, Georgian mixed martial artist and kickboxer

• 1989 Hiram Mier, Mexican footballer

• 1989 Jaakko Ohtonen, Finnish actor

• 1990 Max Muncy, American baseball player

• 1992 Miyabi Natsuyaki, Japanese singer and actress

• 1992 Ricardo Rodriguez, Swiss footballer

• 1994 Edmunds Augstkalns, Latvian ice hockey player

• 1994 Caris LeVert, American basketball player

• 1995 Ong Seong-wu, South Korean singer and actor

• 1995 Dowoon, South Korean musician

• 1998 China Anne McClain, American actress and singer

• 2000 Nicki Nicole, Argentine rapper and singer-songwriter

• 2003 Rebeka Jančová, Slovak alpine ski racer

• 2004 Evann Girault, French-Nigerien sabre fencer

• 2006 Kimi Antonelli, Italian race car driver

Deaths

Pre-1600

• AD 79 Pliny the Elder, Roman commander and philosopher (born 23)

• 274 Yang Yan, Jin Dynasty empress (born 238)

• 306 Saint Maginus, Christian hermit and martyr from Tarragona

• 383 Gratian, Roman emperor (born 359)

• 471 Gennadius I, patriarch of Constantinople

• 766 Constantine Podopagouros, Byzantine official

• 766 Strategios Podopagouros, Byzantine general

• 985 Dietrich of Haldensleben, German margrave

• 1091 Sisnando Davides, military leader

• 1192 Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy (born 1142)

• 1258 George Mouzalon, regent of the Empire of Nicaea

• 1270 Louis IX of France (born 1214)

• 1270 Alphonso of Brienne (born c. 1225)

• 1271 Joan, Countess of Toulouse (born 1220)

• 1282 Thomas de Cantilupe, English bishop and saint (born 1218)

• 1322 Beatrice of Silesia, queen consort of Germany (born c. 1292)

• 1327 Demasq Kaja, Chobanid

• 1330 Sir James Douglas, Scottish guerrilla leader (born 1286)

• 1339 Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham (born 1260)

• 1368 Andrea Orcagna, Italian painter, sculptor, and architect

• 1482 Margaret of Anjou wife of Henry VI and Queen Consort of England and disputed Queen Consort of France (born 1429)

• 1485 William Catesby, supporter of Richard III (born 1450)

• 1554 Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, English soldier and politician, Lord High Treasurer (born 1473)

• 1592 William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (born 1532)

• 1600 Hosokawa Gracia, Japanese aristocrat and Catholic convert (born 1563)

1601–1900

• 1603 Ahmad al-Mansur, Sultan of the Saadi dynasty (born 1549)

• 1631 Nicholas Hyde, Lord Chief Justice of England (bornc. 1572)

• 1632 Thomas Dekker, English author and playwright (born 1572)

• 1688 Henry Morgan, Welsh admiral and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica (born 1635)

• 1699 Christian V of Denmark (born 1646)

• 1711 Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of Jersey, English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (born 1656)

• 1742 Carlos Seixas, Portuguese organist and composer (born 1704)

• 1774 Niccolò Jommelli, Italian composer and educator (born 1714)

• 1776 David Hume, Scottish economist, historian, and philosopher (born 1711)

• 1794 Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau, Belgian-Austrian diplomat (born 1727)

• 1797 Thomas Chittenden, Governor of the Vermont Republic, and first Governor of the State of Vermont (born 1730)

• 1815 Stephen Badlam, American artisan and military officer (born 1751)

• 1819 James Watt, Scottish engineer and instrument maker (born 1736)

• 1822 William Herschel, German-English astronomer and composer (born 1738)

• 1867 Michael Faraday, English physicist and chemist (born 1791)

• 1882 Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, Estonian physician and author (born 1803)

• 1886 Zinovios Valvis, Greek lawyer and politician, 35th Prime Minister of Greece (born 1800)

• 1892 William Champ, English-Australian politician, 1st Premier of Tasmania (born 1808)

• 1900 Friedrich Nietzsche, German philologist, philosopher, and critic (born 1844)

1901–present

• 1904 Henri Fantin-Latour, French painter and lithographer (born 1836)

• 1908 Henri Becquerel, French physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1852)

• 1916 Mary Tappan Wright, American novelist and short story writer (born 1851)

• 1921 Nikolay Gumilyov, Russian poet and critic (born 1886)

• 1924 Mariano Álvarez, Filipino general and politician (born 1842)

• 1924 Velma Caldwell Melville, American editor, and writer of prose and poetry (born 1858)

• 1925 Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, Austrian field marshal (born 1852)

• 1930 Frankie Campbell, American boxer (born 1904)

• 1931 Dorothea Fairbridge, South African author and co-founder of Guild of Loyal Women (born 1862)

• 1936 Juliette Adam, French author (born 1836)

• 1938 Aleksandr Kuprin, Russian pilot, explorer, and author (born 1870)

• 1939 Babe Siebert, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1904)

• 1940 Prince Jean, Duke of Guise (born 1874)

• 1942 Prince George, Duke of Kent (born 1902)

• 1945 John Birch, American soldier and missionary (born 1918)

• 1956 Alfred Kinsey, American biologist and academic (born 1894)

• 1965 Moonlight Graham, American baseball player and physician (born 1879)

• 1966 Lao She, Chinese novelist and dramatist (born 1899)

• 1967 Stanley Bruce, Australian lawyer and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Australia (born 1883)

• 1967 Oscar Cabalén, Argentine race car driver (born 1928)

• 1967 Paul Muni, Ukrainian-born American actor (born 1895)

• 1967 George Lincoln Rockwell, American commander, politician, and activist, founded the American Nazi Party (born 1918)

• 1968 Stan McCabe, Australian cricketer and coach (born 1910)

• 1969 Robert Cosgrove, Australian politician, 30th Premier of Tasmania (born 1884)

• 1970 Tachū Naitō, Japanese architect and engineer, designed the Tokyo Tower (born 1886)

• 1971 Ted Lewis, American singer and clarinet player (born 1890)

• 1973 Dezső Pattantyús-Ábrahám, Hungarian lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of Hungary (born 1875)

• 1976 Eyvind Johnson, Swedish novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1900)

• 1977 Károly Kós, Hungarian architect, ethnologist, and politician (born 1883)

• 1979 Stan Kenton, American pianist, composer, and bandleader (born 1911)

• 1980 Gower Champion, American dancer and choreographer (born 1919)

• 1981 Nassos Kedrakas, Greek actor and cinematographer (born 1915)

• 1982 Anna German, Polish singer (born 1936)

• 1984 Truman Capote, American novelist, playwright, and screenwriter (born 1924)

• 1984 Viktor Chukarin, Ukrainian gymnast and coach (born 1921)

• 1984 Waite Hoyt, American baseball player and sportscaster (born 1899)

• 1988 Price Daniel, American politician, 38th Governor of Texas (born 1910)

• 1988 Art Rooney, American businessman, founded the Pittsburgh Steelers (born 1901)

• 1990 Morley Callaghan, Canadian author and playwright (born 1903)

• 1995 Doug Stegmeyer, American bass player and producer (born 1951)

• 1998 Lewis F. Powell, Jr., American lawyer and Supreme Court justice (born 1907)

• 1999 Rob Fisher, English keyboard player and songwriter (born 1956)

• 2000 Carl Barks, American author and illustrator (born 1901)

• 2000 Frederick C. Bock, American soldier and pilot (born 1918)

• 2000 Jack Nitzsche, American pianist, composer, and producer (born 1937)

• 2000 Allen Woody, American bass player and songwriter (born 1955)

• 2001 Aaliyah, American singer and actress (born 1979)

• 2001 Carl Brewer, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1938)

• 2001 Üzeyir Garih, Turkish engineer and businessman, co-founded Alarko Holding (born 1929)

• 2001 Ken Tyrrell, English race car driver and businessman, founded Tyrrell Racing (born 1924)

• 2002 Dorothy Hewett, Australian author and poet (born 1923)

• 2003 Tom Feelings, American author and illustrator (born 1933)

• 2005 Peter Glotz, Czech-German academic and politician (born 1939)

• 2006 Noor Hassanali, Trinidadian-Tobagonian lawyer and politician, 2nd President of Trinidad and Tobago (born 1918)

• 2007 Benjamin Aaron, American lawyer and scholar (born 1915)

• 2007 Ray Jones, English footballer (born 1988)

• 2008 Ahmad Faraz, Pakistani poet (born 1931)

• 2008 Kevin Duckworth, American basketball player (born 1964)

• 2009 Ted Kennedy, American politician (born 1932)

• 2009 Mandé Sidibé, Malian economist and politician, Prime Minister of Mali (born 1940)

• 2011 Lazar Mojsov, Macedonian politician (born 1920)

• 2012 Florencio Amarilla, Paraguayan footballer, coach, and actor (born 1935)

• 2012 Neil Armstrong, American pilot, engineer, and astronaut (born 1930)

• 2012 Roberto González Barrera, Mexican banker and businessman (born 1930)

• 2012 Donald Gorrie, Scottish politician (born 1933)

• 2013 Ciril Bergles, Slovene poet and translator (born 1934)

• 2013 António Borges, Portuguese economist and banker (born 1949)

• 2013 William Froug, American screenwriter and producer (born 1922)

• 2013 Liu Fuzhi, Chinese academic and politician, 3rd Minister of Justice for China (born 1917)

• 2013 Raghunath Panigrahi, Indian singer-songwriter (born 1932)

• 2013 Gylmar dos Santos Neves, Brazilian footballer (born 1930)

• 2014 William Greaves, American director and producer (born 1926)

• 2014 Marcel Masse, Canadian educator and politician, 29th Canadian Minister of National Defence (born 1936)

• 2014 Nico M. M. Nibbering, Dutch chemist and academic (born 1938)

• 2014 Uziah Thompson, Jamaican-American drummer and producer (born 1936)

• 2014 Enrique Zileri, Peruvian journalist and publisher (born 1931)

• 2015 José María Benegas, Spanish lawyer and politician (born 1948)

• 2015 Francis Sejersted, Norwegian historian and academic (born 1936)

• 2016 Marvin Kaplan, American actor (born 1927)

• 2017 Rich Piana, American bodybuilder (born 1971)

• 2018 John McCain, American politician (born 1936)

• 2019 Ferdinand Piëch, Austrian business magnate and engineer (born 1937)

• 2022 Mable John, American blues vocalist (born 1930)

• 2024 Salim Al-Huss, Lebanese statesman, 34th Prime Minister of Lebanon (born 1929)

• 2026 Tim Curry, English actor and singer (born 1946)

• 2026 Dolly Parton, American singer-songwriter, actress, philanthropist and businesswoman (born 1946)

Holidays and observances

Christian feast day:

• Æbbe of Coldingham

• Aredius

• Genesius of Arles

• Genesius of Rome

• Ginés de la Jara (or Genesius of Cartagena)

• Gregory of Utrecht

• Joseph Calasanz

• Louis IX of France

• Blessed Ludovicus Baba

• Blessed Ludovicus Sasada

• Blessed Luis Sotelo

• Blessed María del Tránsito Cabanillas

• Emily de Vialar

• Menas of Constantinople

• Blessed Miguel de Carvalho

• Patricia of Naples

• Blessed Pedro Vásquez

• Thomas de Cantilupe (or of Hereford)

• August 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

• Day of Songun (North Korea)

• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Uruguay from Brazil in 1825.

• Soldier's Day (Brazil)

References

External links