Events

Pre-1600

• 1054 Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, somewhere north of the Firth of Forth. This is known as the Battle of Dunsinane.

• 1189 Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Stefan Nemanja, during the Third Crusade.

• 1202 Georgian–Seljuk wars: At the Battle of Basian the Kingdom of Georgia defeats the Sultanate of Rum.

• 1214 Battle of Bouvines: Philip II of France decisively defeats Imperial, English and Flemish armies, effectively ending John of England's Angevin Empire.

• 1299 According to Edward Gibbon, Osman I invades the territory of Nicomedia for the first time, usually considered to be the founding day of the Ottoman state.

• 1302 Battle of Bapheus: Decisive Ottoman victory over the Byzantines opening up Bithynia for Turkish conquest.

• 1549 The Jesuit priest Francis Xavier's ship reaches Japan.

1601–1900

• 1663 The English Parliament passes the second Navigation Act requiring that all goods bound for the American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports. After the Acts of Union 1707, Scotland would be included in the Act.

• 1689 Glorious Revolution: The Battle of Killiecrankie is a victory for the Jacobites.

• 1694 A Royal charter is granted to the Bank of England.

• 1714 The Great Northern War: The first significant victory of the Russian Navy in the naval battle of Gangut against the Swedish Navy near the Hanko Peninsula.

• 1775 Founding of the U.S. Army Medical Department: The Second Continental Congress passes legislation establishing "an hospital for an army consisting of 20,000 men."

• 1778 American Revolution: First Battle of Ushant: British and French fleets fight to a standoff.

• 1789 The first U.S. federal government agency, the Department of Foreign Affairs, is established (it will be later renamed Department of State).

• 1794 French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre is arrested after encouraging the execution of more than 17,000 "enemies of the Revolution".

• 1816 Seminole Wars: The Battle of Negro Fort ends when a hot shot cannonball fired by US Navy Gunboat No. 154 explodes the fort's Powder Magazine, killing approximately 275. It is considered the deadliest single cannon shot in US history.

• 1857 Indian Rebellion: Sixty-eight men hold out for eight days against a force of 2,500 to 3,000 mutinying sepoys and 8,000 irregular forces.

• 1865 Welsh settlers arrive at Chubut in Argentina.

• 1866 The first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable is successfully completed, stretching from Valentia Island, Ireland, to Heart's Content, Newfoundland.

• 1880 Second Anglo-Afghan War: Battle of Maiwand: Afghan forces led by Mohammad Ayub Khan defeat the British Army in battle near Maiwand, Afghanistan.

• 1890 Vincent van Gogh shoots himself and dies two days later.

• 1900 Kaiser Wilhelm II makes a speech comparing Germans to Huns; for years afterwards, "Hun" would be a disparaging name for Germans.

1901–present

• 1917 World War I: The Allies reach the Yser Canal at the Battle of Passchendaele.

• 1919 The Chicago Race Riot erupts after a racial incident occurred on a South Side beach, leading to 38 fatalities and 537 injuries over a five-day period.

• 1921 Researchers at the University of Toronto, led by biochemist Frederick Banting, prove that the hormone insulin regulates blood sugar.

• 1929 The Geneva Convention of 1929, dealing with treatment of prisoners-of-war, is signed by 53 nations.

• 1940 The animated short A Wild Hare is released, introducing the character of Bugs Bunny.

• 1942 World War II: Allied forces successfully halt the final Axis advance into Egypt.

• 1947 In Vatican City, Rome, canonization of Catherine Labouré, the saint whose apparitions of the Virgin Mary originated the worldwide distribution of the Miraculous Medal.

• 1949 Initial flight of the de Havilland Comet, the first jet-powered airliner.

• 1953 Korean War: Cessation of hostilities is achieved when the United States, China, and North Korea sign an armistice agreement. Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea, refuses to sign but pledges to observe the armistice.

• 1955 The Austrian State Treaty restores Austrian sovereignty.

• 1955 El Al Flight 402 is shot down by two fighter jets after straying into Bulgarian air space. All 58 people on board are killed.

• 1959 The Continental League is announced as baseball's "third major league" in the United States.

• 1963 The Puijo observation tower is opened to the general public at Puijo Hill in Kuopio, Finland.

• 1964 Vietnam War: Five thousand more American military advisers are sent to South Vietnam bringing the total number of United States forces in Vietnam to 21,000.

• 1974 Watergate scandal: The House of Representatives Judiciary Committee votes 27 to 11 to recommend the first article of impeachment (for obstruction of justice) against President Richard Nixon.

• 1975 Mayor of Jaffna and former MP Alfred Duraiappah is shot dead.

• 1981 While landing at Chihuahua International Airport, Aeromexico Flight 230 overshoots the runway. Thirty-two of the 66 passengers and crew on board the DC-9 are killed.

• 1983 Black July: Eighteen Tamil political prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in Colombo are massacred by Sinhalese prisoners, the second such massacre in two days.

• 1989 While attempting to land at Tripoli International Airport in Libya, Korean Air Flight 803 crashes just short of the runway. Seventy-five of the 199 passengers and crew and four people on the ground are killed, in the second accident involving a DC-10 in less than two weeks, the first being United Airlines Flight 232.

• 1990 The Jamaat al Muslimeen attempt a coup d'état in Trinidad and Tobago.

• 1995 The Korean War Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C.

• 1996 In Atlanta, United States, a pipe bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park during the 1996 Summer Olympics.

• 1997 About 50 people are killed in the Si Zerrouk massacre in Algeria.

• 2002 Ukraine airshow disaster: A Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes during an air show at Lviv, Ukraine killing 77 and injuring more than 500 others, making it the deadliest air show disaster in history.

• 2015 Seven people are killed and many injured after gunmen attack an Indian police station in Punjab.

Births

Pre-1600

• 774 Kūkai, Japanese Buddhist monk, founder of Esoteric (Shingon) Buddhism (died 835)

• 1452 Ludovico Sforza, Italian son of Francesco I Sforza (died 1508)

• 1452 Lucrezia Crivelli, mistress of Ludovico Sforza (died 1508)

• 1502 Francesco Corteccia, Italian composer (died 1571)

• 1578 Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond (died 1639)

1601–1900

• 1612 Murad IV, Ottoman Sultan (died 1640)

• 1625 Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich (died 1672)

• 1733 Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (died 1779)

• 1740 Jeanne Baret, French explorer (died 1803)

• 1741 François-Hippolyte Barthélémon, French-English violinist and composer (died 1808)

• 1752 Samuel Smith, American general and politician (died 1839)

• 1768 Charlotte Corday, French assassin of Jean-Paul Marat (died 1793)

• 1768 Joseph Anton Koch, Austrian painter (died 1839)

• 1773 Jacob Aall, Norwegian economist and politician (died 1844)

• 1777 Thomas Campbell, Scottish-French poet and academic (died 1844)

• 1777 Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre, English general (died 1853)

• 1781 Mauro Giuliani, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1828)

• 1784 Denis Davydov, Russian general and poet (died 1839)

• 1801 George Biddell Airy, English mathematician and 7th Astronomer Royal (died 1892)

• 1812 Thomas L. Clingman, American general and politician (died 1897)

• 1818 Agostino Roscelli, Italian priest and saint (died 1902)

• 1824 Alexandre Dumas, fils, French novelist and playwright (died 1895)

• 1833 Thomas George Bonney, English geologist, mountaineer, and academic (died 1923)

• 1834 Miguel Grau Seminario, Peruvian admiral (died 1879)

• 1835 Giosuè Carducci, Italian poet and educator, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1907)

• 1848 Loránd Eötvös, Hungarian physicist and politician, Minister of Education of Hungary (died 1919)

• 1848 Friedrich Ernst Dorn, German physicist (died 1916)

• 1853 Vladimir Korolenko, Ukrainian journalist, author, and activist (died 1921)

• 1853 Elizabeth Plankinton, American philanthropist (died 1923)

• 1854 Takahashi Korekiyo, Japanese accountant and politician, 20th Prime Minister of Japan (died 1936)

• 1857 José Celso Barbosa, Puerto Rican physician, sociologist, and politician (died 1921)

• 1857 E. A. Wallis Budge, English Egyptologist, Orientalist, and philologist (died 1934)

• 1858 George Lyon, Canadian golfer and cricketer (died 1938)

• 1866 António José de Almeida, Portuguese physician and politician, 6th President of Portugal (died 1929)

• 1867 Enrique Granados, Spanish pianist and composer (died 1916)

• 1870 Hilaire Belloc, French-born British writer and historian (died 1953)

• 1872 Stanislav Binički, Serbian composer, conductor, and pedagogue. (died 1942)

• 1879 Francesco Gaeta, Italian poet (died 1927)

• 1877 Ernő Dohnányi, Hungarian pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1960)

• 1879 – Jack Laviolette, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and manager (died 1960)

• 1880 – Joe Tinker, American baseball player (died 1948)

• 1881 Hans Fischer, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1945)

• 1882 Geoffrey de Havilland, English pilot and engineer, founded the de Havilland Aircraft Company (died 1965)

• 1886 Ernst May, German architect and urban planner (died 1970)

• 1889 Vera Karalli, Russian ballerina, choreographer, and actress (died 1972)

• 1890 Benjamin Miessner, American radio engineer and inventor (died 1976)

• 1890 Armas Taipale, Finnish discus thrower and shot putter (died 1976)

• 1891 Jacob van der Hoeden, Dutch-Israeli veterinarian and academic (died 1968)

• 1891 – Ruby McKim, American quilter (died 1976)

• 1893 Ugo Agostoni, Italian cyclist (died 1941)

• 1894 Mientje Kling, Dutch actress (died 1966)

• 1896 Robert George, Scottish air marshal and politician, 24th Governor of South Australia (died 1967)

• 1896 Henri Longchambon, French lawyer and politician (died 1969)

• 1897 – Biz Mackey, American baseball player (died 1965)

• 1899 Percy Hornibrook, Australian cricketer (died 1976)

1901–present

• 1902 Yaroslav Halan, Ukrainian playwright and publicist (died 1949)

• 1903 Nikolay Cherkasov, Russian actor (died 1966)

• 1903 Michail Stasinopoulos, Greek jurist and politician, President of Greece (died 2002)

• 1903 Mārtiņš Zīverts, Latvian playwright (died 1990)

• 1904 Lyudmila Rudenko, Soviet chess player (died 1986)

• 1905 Leo Durocher, American baseball player and manager (died 1991)

• 1906 Jerzy Giedroyc, Polish author and activist (died 2000)

• 1906 Herbert Jasper, Canadian psychologist and neurologist (died 1999)

• 1907 Ross Alexander, American stage and film actor (died 1937)

• 1907 Carl McClellan Hill, American educator and academic administrator (died 1995)

• 1907 Irene Fischer, Austrian-American geodesist and mathematician (died 2009)

• 1908 Joseph Mitchell, American journalist and author (died 1996)

• 1910 Julien Gracq, French author and critic (died 2007)

• 1910 Lupita Tovar, Mexican-American actress (died 2016)

• 1911 Rayner Heppenstall, English author and poet (died 1981)

• 1912 Vernon Elliott, English bassoon player, composer, and conductor (died 1996)

• 1913 George L. Street III, American Navy captain, Medal of Honor recipient (died 2000)

• 1914 August Sang, Estonian poet and translator (died 1969)

• 1915 Mario Del Monaco, Italian tenor (died 1982)

• 1915 Josef Priller, German colonel and pilot (died 1961)

• 1916 Elizabeth Hardwick, American literary critic, novelist, and short story writer (died 2007)

• 1916 Skippy Williams, American saxophonist and arranger (died 1994)

• 1916 Keenan Wynn, American actor (died 1986)

• 1918 Leonard Rose, American cellist and educator (died 1984)

• 1920 Henry D. "Homer" Haynes, American comedian and musician (died 1971)

• 1921 Garry Davis, American pilot and activist, created the World Passport (died 2013)

• 1921 Émile Genest, Canadian-American actor (died 2003)

• 1922 Adolfo Celi, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1986)

• 1922 Norman Lear, American screenwriter and producer (died 2023)

• 1923 Mas Oyama, South Korean-Japanese martial artist (died 1994)

• 1923 – Ray Boone, American baseball player (died 2004)

• 1924 Vincent Canby, American historian and critic (died 2000)

• 1924 Otar Taktakishvili, Georgian composer and conductor (died 1989)

• 1927 Guy Carawan, American singer and musicologist (died 2015)

• 1927 Pierre Granier-Deferre, French director and screenwriter (died 2007)

• 1927 Will Jordan, American comedian and actor (died 2018)

• 1927 C. Rajadurai, Sri Lankan journalist and politician, 1st Mayor of Batticaloa (died 2025)

• 1927 John Seigenthaler, American journalist and academic (died 2014)

• 1928 Joseph Kittinger, American colonel and pilot (died 2022)

• 1929 Jean Baudrillard, French sociologist and philosopher (died 2007)

• 1929 Harvey Fuqua, American singer-songwriter and producer (died 2010)

• 1929 Jack Higgins, English author and academic (died 2022)

• 1929 Marc Wilkinson, French-Australian composer and conductor (died 2022)

• 1930 Joy Whitby, English director, producer, and screenwriter

• 1930 Shirley Williams, English academic and politician, Secretary of State for Education (died 2021)

• 1931 Khieu Samphan, Cambodian academic and politician, 28th Prime Minister of Cambodia

• 1931 Jerry Van Dyke, American actor (died 2018)

• 1932 Forest Able, American basketball player (died 2026)

• 1932 Diane Webber, American model, dancer and actress (died 2008)

• 1933 Nick Reynolds, American singer and bongo player (died 2008)

• 1933 Ted Whitten, Australian football player and journalist (died 1995)

• 1935 Hillar Kärner, Estonian chess player (died 2017)

• 1935 Billy McCullough, Northern Irish footballer (died 2026)

• 1936 J. Robert Hooper, American businessman and politician (died 2008)

• 1937 Anna Dawson, English actress and singer (died 2026)

• 1937 Don Galloway, American actor (died 2009)

• 1937 Robert Holmes à Court, South African-Australian businessman and lawyer (died 1990)

• 1938 Pierre Christin, French comics creator and writer (died 2024)

• 1938 Gary Gygax, American game designer, co-created Dungeons & Dragons (died 2008)

• 1939 William Eggleston, American photographer and academic

• 1939 Michael Longley, Northern Irish poet and academic (died 2025)

• 1939 Paulo Silvino, Brazilian comedian, composer and actor (died 2017)

• 1940 Pina Bausch, German dancer and choreographer (died 2009)

• 1941 Christian Boesch, Austrian opera singer

• 1941 Johannes Fritsch, German viola player and composer (died 2010)

• 1942 Édith Butler, Canadian singer-songwriter

• 1942 Bobbie Gentry, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1942 John Pleshette, American actor, director, and screenwriter

• 1942 Dennis Ralston, American tennis player (died 2020)

• 1943 Jeremy Greenstock, English diplomat, British Ambassador to the United Nations

• 1944 Jean-Marie Leblanc, French cyclist and journalist

• 1944 Barbara Thomson, English saxophonist and composer (died 2022)

• 1944 Vito D'Amato, Italian footballer (died 2025)

• 1946 Peter Reading, English poet and author (died 2011)

• 1947 Kazuyoshi Miura, Japanese businessman (died 2008)

• 1947 Giora Spiegel, Israeli footballer and coach

• 1947 Betty Thomas, American actress, director, and producer

• 1947 – Mack Calvin, American basketball player

• 1948 Peggy Fleming, American figure skater and sportscaster

• 1948 James Munby, English lawyer and judge

• 1948 Henny Vrienten, Dutch singer-songwriter and bass player (died 2022)

• 1949 Maury Chaykin, American-Canadian actor (died 2010)

• 1949 André Dupont, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

• 1949 Rory MacDonald, Scottish singer-songwriter and bass player

• 1949 Maureen McGovern, American singer and actress

• 1949 Robert Rankin, English author and illustrator

• 1950 Simon Jones, English actor

• 1951 Roseanna Cunningham, Scottish lawyer and politician, Minister for Community Safety and Legal Affairs

• 1951 Bob Diamond, American-English banker and businessman

• 1951 Rolf Thung, Dutch tennis player

• 1952 Marvin Barnes, American basketball player (died 2014)

• 1952 Roxanne Hart, American actress

• 1953 Chung Dong-young, South Korean journalist and politician, 31st South Korean Minister of Unification

• 1953 Yahoo Serious, Australian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

• 1954 Philippe Alliot, French race car driver and sportscaster

• 1954 G. S. Bali, Indian lawyer and politician (died 2021)

• 1954 Mark Stanway, English keyboard player

• 1954 Ricardo Uceda, Peruvian journalist and author

• 1955 Cat Bauer, American journalist, author, and playwright

• 1955 Allan Border, Australian cricketer and coach

• 1955 John Howell, English journalist and politician

• 1955 Bobby Rondinelli, American drummer

• 1956 Carol Leifer, American actress, comedian, screenwriter, and producer

• 1957 Bill Engvall, American comedian, actor, and producer

• 1958 Christopher Dean, English figure skater and choreographer

• 1958 Kimmo Hakola, Finnish composer

• 1959 Joe DeSa, American baseball player (died 1986)

• 1959 Hugh Green, American football player

• 1959 – Neil King Jr., American journalist and author (died 2024)

• 1959 Yiannos Papantoniou, French-Greek economist and politician, Greek Minister of National Defence

• 1960 Jo Durie, English tennis player and sportscaster

• 1960 Conway Savage, Australian singer-songwriter and keyboard player (died 2018)

• 1960 Emily Thornberry, English lawyer and politician

• 1961 Ed Orgeron, American football coach

• 1962 Neil Brooks, Australian swimmer

• 1962 Karl Mueller, American bass player (died 2005)

• 1963 Donnie Yen, Chinese-Hong Kong actor, director, producer, and martial artist

• 1963 Karrin Allyson, American jazz singer

• 1964 Rex Brown, American bass player and songwriter

• 1965 José Luis Chilavert, Paraguayan footballer

• 1966 Steve Tilson, English footballer and manager

• 1967 Rahul Bose, Indian journalist, actor, director, and screenwriter

• 1967 Juliana Hatfield, American singer-songwriter and musician

• 1967 Hans Mathisen, Norwegian guitarist and composer

• 1967 Neil Smith, English cricketer

• 1967 Craig Wolanin, American ice hockey player

• 1968 Maria Grazia Cucinotta, Italian actress and producer

• 1968 Tom Goodwin, American baseball player and coach

• 1968 Sabina Jeschke, Swedish-German engineer and academic

• 1968 Julian McMahon, Australian actor and producer (died 2025)

• 1968 Ricardo Rosset, Brazilian race car driver

• 1969 Triple H, American wrestler and actor

• 1969 Jonty Rhodes, South African cricketer and coach

• 1969 – Jason Woolley, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1970 Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Danish actor and producer

• 1970 David Davies, English-Welsh politician

• 1971 Matthew Johns, Australian rugby league player, sportscaster and television host

• 1971 Anna Menconi, Italian Paralympic archer

• 1972 Clint Robinson, Australian kayaker

• 1972 Maya Rudolph, American actress and comedian

• 1972 Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, Malaysian surgeon and astronaut

• 1973 Cassandra Clare, American journalist and author

• 1973 Erik Nys, Belgian long jumper

• 1973 Gorden Tallis, Australian rugby league player and coach

• 1973 – Abe Cunningham, American drummer

• 1974 Eason Chan, Hong Kong singer, actor, and producer

• 1974 Pete Yorn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1975 Serkan Çeliköz, Turkish keyboard player and songwriter

• 1975 Shea Hillenbrand, American baseball player

• 1975 Fred Mascherino, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1975 Alessandro Pistone, Italian footballer

• 1975 Alex Rodriguez, American baseball player

• 1976 Singrid Campion, French businesswoman and singer

• 1976 Demis Hassabis, English computer scientist and academic

• 1976 Scott Mason, Australian cricketer (died 2005)

• 1976 – Mwadi Mabika, Congolese-American basketball player

• 1977 Foo Swee Chin, Singaporean illustrator

• 1977 Björn Dreyer, German footballer

• 1977 Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Irish actor

• 1978 Diarmuid O'Sullivan, Irish hurler and manager

• 1979 Marielle Franco, Brazilian politician, feminist, and human rights activist (died 2018)

• 1979 Jorge Arce, Mexican boxer

• 1979 Sidney Govou, French footballer

• 1979 Shannon Moore, American wrestler and singer

• 1980 Allan Davis, Australian cyclist

• 1980 Wesley Gonzales, Filipino basketball player

• 1980 Dolph Ziggler, American wrestler and comedian

• 1981 Susan King Borchardt, American basketball player

• 1981 Collins Obuya, Kenyan cricketer

• 1981 Dash Snow, American painter and photographer (died 2009)

• 1981 Christopher Weselek, German rugby player

• 1982 Neil Harbisson, English-Catalan painter, composer, and activist

• 1983 Lorik Cana, Albanian footballer

• 1983 Martijn Maaskant, Dutch cyclist

• 1983 Goran Pandev, Macedonian footballer

• 1983 Soccor Velho, Indian footballer (died 2013)

• 1983 – Heidi Gardner, American actress and comedian

• 1984 Antoine Bethea, American football player

• 1984 Cecilie Myrseth, Norwegian politician

• 1984 Tsuyoshi Nishioka, Japanese baseball player

• 1984 Max Scherzer, American baseball player

• 1984 Taylor Schilling, American actress

• 1984 Kenny Wormald, American actor, dancer, and choreographer

• 1985 Husain Abdullah, American football player

• 1985 Matteo Pratichetti, Italian rugby player

• 1985 Ajmal Shahzad, English cricketer

• 1986 DeMarre Carroll, American basketball player

• 1986 Ryan Flaherty, American baseball player

• 1986 Ryan Griffen, Australian footballer

• 1987 Jacoby Ford, American football player

• 1987 Marek Hamšík, Slovak footballer

• 1987 Jordan Hill, American basketball player

• 1987 Sarah Parsons, American ice hockey player

• 1988 Adam Biddle, Australian footballer

• 1988 Yoervis Medina, Venezuelan baseball player

• 1988 Ryan Tannehill, American football player

• 1989 Maya Ali, Pakistani actress

• 1990 Paolo Hurtado, Peruvian footballer

• 1990 Cheyenne Kimball, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1990 Stephen Li-Chung Kuo, Taiwanese-American figure skater

• 1990 Kriti Sanon, Indian actress

• 1991 Wandy Peralta, Dominican baseball player

• 1992 Tory Lanez, Canadian singer and rapper

• 1993 Max Power, English footballer

• 1993 Jordan Spieth, American golfer

• 1994 – Winnie Harlow, Canadian model

• 1995 – Mercedes Russell, American basketball player

• 1995 – Drew Rasmussen, American baseball player

• 2001 Miguel Gutiérrez, Spanish footballer

• 2003 Elvina Kalieva, American tennis player

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 903 Abdallah II of Ifriqiya, Aghlabid emir

• 959 Chai Rong, emperor of Later Zhou

• 1144 Salomea of Berg, High Duchess consort of Poland

• 1061 Nicholas II, pope of the Catholic Church

• 1101 Conrad II, king of Italy (born 1074)

• 1101 Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester (born c. 1047)

• 1158 Geoffrey VI, Count of Anjou (born 1134)

• 1276 James I of Aragon (born 1208)

• 1365 Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (born 1339)

• 1382 Joanna I of Naples (born 1326)

• 1469 William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (born 1423)

1601–1900

• 1656 Salomo Glassius, German theologian and critic (born 1593)

• 1675 Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, French general (born 1611)

• 1689 John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee, Scottish general (born c. 1648)

• 1759 Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician and philosopher (born 1698)

• 1770 Robert Dinwiddie, Scottish merchant and politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia (born 1693)

• 1841 Mikhail Lermontov, Russian poet and painter (born 1814)

• 1844 John Dalton, English physicist, meteorologist, and chemist (born 1776)

• 1863 William Lowndes Yancey, American journalist and politician (born 1813)

• 1865 Jean-Joseph Dassy, French painter and lithographer (born 1791)

• 1875 Aleksander Kunileid, Estonian composer and educator (born 1845)

• 1876 Albertus van Raalte, Dutch-born American minister and author (born 1811)

• 1883 Montgomery Blair, American lieutenant and politician, 20th United States Postmaster General (born 1813)

1901–present

• 1916 Charles Fryatt, English captain (born 1872)

• 1916 William Jonas, English footballer (born 1890)

• 1917 Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1841)

• 1921 Myrddin Fardd, Welsh writer and antiquarian scholar (born 1836)

• 1924 Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (born 1866)

• 1931 Auguste Forel, Swiss neuroanatomist and psychiatrist (born 1848)

• 1938 Tom Crean, Irish seaman and explorer (born 1877)

• 1941 Alfred Henry O'Keeffe, New Zealand painter and educator (born 1858)

• 1942 Karl Pärsimägi, Estonian painter (born 1902)

• 1942 Hermann Brauneck, German physician and SA general (born 1894)

• 1946 Gertrude Stein, American novelist, poet, and playwright (born 1874)

• 1948 Woolf Barnato, English race car driver and businessman (born 1898)

• 1948 Joe Tinker, American baseball player and manager (born 1880)

• 1951 Paul Kogerman, Estonian chemist and politician, 22nd Estonian Minister of Education (born 1891)

• 1958 Claire Lee Chennault, American general and pilot (born 1893)

• 1960 Julie Vinter Hansen, Danish-Swiss astronomer and academic (born 1890)

• 1962 Richard Aldington, English poet and author (born 1892)

• 1962 James H. Kindelberger, American pilot and businessman (born 1895)

• 1963 Hooks Dauss, American baseball player (born 1889)

• 1963 Garrett Morgan, American inventor (born 1877)

• 1964 Winifred Lenihan, American actress, writer, and director (born 1898)

• 1965 Daniel-Rops, French historian and author (born 1901)

• 1967 Tone Peruško, Croatian educator and social worker (born 1905)

• 1968 Babe Adams, American baseball player and manager (born 1882)

• 1970 António de Oliveira Salazar, Portuguese economist and politician, 100th Prime Minister of Portugal (born 1889)

• 1971 Charlie Tully, Irish footballer and manager (born 1924)

• 1975 Alfred Duraiappah, Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer and politician (born 1926)

• 1975 Kristian Welhaven, Norwegian police officer (born 1883)

• 1978 Bob Heffron, New Zealand-Australian miner and politician, 30th Premier of New South Wales (born 1890)

• 1978 Willem van Otterloo, Dutch cellist, composer, and conductor (born 1907)

• 1980 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Iranian Shah (born 1919)

• 1980 Rushdy Abaza, Egyptian actor (born 1926)

• 1981 William Wyler, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1902)

• 1981 Elizabeth Rona, Hungarian American nuclear chemist (born 1890)

• 1984 James Mason, English actor (born 1909)

• 1985 Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player and coach (born 1889)

• 1987 Travis Jackson, American baseball player, coach, and manager (born 1903)

• 1988 Frank Zamboni, American inventor and businessman, founded the Zamboni Company (born 1901)

• 1990 Bobby Day, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (born 1928)

• 1990 René Toribio, Guadeloupean politician (born 1912)

• 1991 John Friedrich, German-Australian engineer and conman (born 1950)

• 1992 Max Dupain, Australian photographer and educator (born 1911)

• 1992 Tzeni Karezi, Greek actress and screenwriter

• 1993 Reggie Lewis, American basketball player (born 1965)

• 1994 Kevin Carter, South African photographer and journalist (born 1960)

• 1995 Melih Esenbel, Turkish politician and diplomat, 20th Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1915)

• 1995 Rick Ferrell, American baseball player and coach (born 1905)

• 1995 Miklós Rózsa, Hungarian-American composer and conductor (born 1907)

• 1998 Binnie Barnes, English-American actress (born 1903)

• 1999 Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, Russian mathematician, physicist, and mountaineer (born 1912)

• 1999 Harry Edison, American trumpet player (born 1915)

• 2000 Gordon Solie, American sportscaster (born 1929)

• 2001 Rhonda Sing, Canadian wrestler (born 1961)

• 2001 Leon Wilkeson, American bass player and songwriter (born 1952)

• 2003 Vance Hartke, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician (born 1919)

• 2003 Bob Hope, English-American actor, comedian, television personality, and businessman (born 1903)

• 2005 Al Held, American painter and academic (born 1928)

• 2005 Marten Toonder, Dutch author and illustrator (born 1912)

• 2006 Maryann Mahaffey, American academic and politician (born 1925)

• 2007 James Oyebola, Nigerian-English boxer (born 1961)

• 2008 Youssef Chahine, Egyptian director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1926)

• 2008 Horst Stein, German-born Swiss conductor (born 1928)

• 2008 Isaac Saba Raffoul, Mexican businessman (born 1923)

• 2010 Maury Chaykin, American-Canadian actor (born 1949)

• 2010 Jack Tatum, American football player (born 1948)

• 2012 Norman Alden, American actor (born 1924)

• 2012 R. G. Armstrong, American actor and playwright (born 1917)

• 2012 Darryl Cotton, Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (born 1949)

• 2012 Geoffrey Hughes, English actor (born 1944)

• 2012 Tony Martin, American actor and singer (born 1913)

• 2012 Jack Taylor, English footballer and referee (born 1930)

• 2013 Fernando Alonso, Cuban dancer, co-founded the Cuban National Ballet (born 1914)

• 2013 Lindy Boggs, American politician and diplomat, 5th United States Ambassador to the Holy See (born 1916)

• 2013 Bud Day, American colonel and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1925)

• 2013 Kidd Kraddick, American radio host (born 1959)

• 2013 Ilya Segalovich, Russian businessman, co-founded Yandex (born 1964)

• 2014 Richard Bolt, New Zealand air marshal and pilot (born 1923)

• 2014 George Freese, American baseball player and coach (born 1926)

• 2014 Wallace Jones, American basketball player and coach (born 1926)

• 2014 Francesco Marchisano, Italian cardinal (born 1929)

• 2014 Paul Schell, American lawyer and politician, 50th Mayor of Seattle (born 1937)

• 2015 Rickey Grundy, American singer-songwriter (born 1959)

• 2015 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Indian engineer, academic, and politician, 11th President of India (born 1931)

• 2015 Samuel Pisar, Polish-born American lawyer and author (born 1929)

• 2015 Anthony Shaw, English general (born 1930)

• 2016 Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer (born 1928)

• 2016 James Alan McPherson, American short story writer and essayist (born 1943)

• 2016 Jerry Doyle, American actor and talk show host (born 1956)

• 2016 Piet de Jong, Dutch politician and naval officer, Minister of Defence, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (born 1915)

• 2017 Sam Shepard, American playwright, actor, author, screenwriter, and director (born 1943)

• 2018 Marco Aurelio Denegri, Peruvian literature critic, television host and sexologist

• 2022 Tony Dow, American actor, film producer, director, and sculptor (born 1945)

• 2024 Edna O'Brien, Irish novelist, playwright, poet and short story writer (born 1930)

• 2024 – Pavel Kushnir, Russian pianist, writer, activist and political prisoner (born 1984)

Holidays and observances

Christian feast day:

• Anthusa of Mantinea

• Aurelius and Natalia and companions of the Martyrs of Córdoba.

• Blessed Maria Maddalena Martinengo

• Maurus, Pantalemon, and Sergius

• Pantaleon

Seven Sleepers of Ephesus (Roman Martyrology)

• National Sleepy Head Day (Finland)

• July 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

• Day of Victory in the Great Fatherland Liberation War (North Korea)

• Iglesia ni Cristo Day (the Philippines)

• José Celso Barbosa Day (Puerto Rico)

• Medical Workers Day (Ukraine)

• Martyrs and Wounded Soldiers Day (Vietnam)

References

External links