Events

Pre-1600

• 829 Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.

• 939 Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and other Frankish dukes.

• 1187 Saladin won Jerusalem after the city surrendered to his forces following a prolonged siege.

• 1263 The Battle of Largs is fought between Norwegians and Scots.

• 1470 The Earl of Warwick's rebellion forces King Edward IV of England to flee to the Netherlands, restoring Henry VI to the throne.

• 1552 Russo-Kazan Wars: Russian troops enter Kazan.

1601–1900

• 1766 - The Nottingham Cheese Riot breaks out at the Goose Fair in Nottingham, UK, in response to the excessive cost of cheese.

• 1780 American Revolutionary War: John André, a British Army officer, is hanged as a spy by the Continental Army.

• 1789 The United States Bill of Rights is sent to the various States for ratification.

• 1835 Texas Revolution: Mexican troops attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.

• 1864 American Civil War: Confederates defeat a Union attack on Saltville, Virginia. A massacre of wounded Union prisoners ensues.

• 1870 By plebiscite, the citizens of the Papal States accept annexation by the Kingdom of Italy.

1901–present

• 1919 Seven days after suffering a "physical collapse" following a speech in Pueblo, Colorado, U.S. president Woodrow Wilson has a catastrophic stroke at the White House, leaving him physically and mentally incapacitated for the remainder of his presidency.

• 1920 Ukrainian War of Independence: Mikhail Frunze orders the Red Army to immediately cease hostilities with the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine.

• 1928 The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as Opus Dei, is founded.

• 1937 Rafael Trujillo orders the execution of Haitians living in the border region of the Dominican Republic.

• 1942 World War II: Ocean Liner accidentally rams and sinks , killing over 300 crewmen aboard Curacoa.

• 1944 World War II: German troops end the Warsaw Uprising.

• 1958 Guinea declares its independence from France.

• 1967 Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American justice of the United States Supreme Court.

• 1968 Mexican President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz orders soldiers to suppress a demonstration of unarmed students, ten days before the start of the 1968 Summer Olympics.

• 1970 An aircraft carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters crashes in Colorado, killing 31 people.

• 1971 South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu is re-elected in a one-man election.

• 1971 British European Airways Flight 706 crashes near Aarsele, Belgium, killing 63.

• 1980 Michael Myers becomes the first member of either chamber of Congress to be expelled since the Civil War.

• 1990 Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301 is hijacked and lands at Guangzhou, where it crashes into two other airliners on the ground, killing 132.

• 1992 Military police storm the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil during a prison riot. The resulting massacre leaves 111 prisoners dead.

• 1996 Aeroperú Flight 603 crashes into the ocean near Peru, killing all 70 people on board.

• 1996 The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton.

• 2002 The Beltway sniper attacks begin in Washington, D.C., extending over three weeks and killing 10 people.

• 2004 The first parkrun, then known as the Bushy Park Time Trial, takes place in Bushy Park, London, UK.

• 2006 Five Amish girls are murdered in a shooting at a school in Pennsylvania, United States.

• 2007 President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea goes to North Korea for an Inter-Korean summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il.

• 2016 Ethiopian protests break out during a festival in the Oromia region, killing dozens of people.

• 2018 The Washington Post journalist Jamal Khashoggi is assassinated in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, Turkey.

• 2019 A privately owned Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress conducting a living history exhibition flight crashes shortly after takeoff from Windsor Locks, Connecticut, killing seven.

• 2025 – 2 people are killed and at least 4 others injured in an attack on a synagogue in Manchester, UK, during Yom Kippur.

Births

Pre-1600

• 1452 Richard III of England (died 1485)

• 1470 Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal, Daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (died 1498)

• 1527 William Drury, English politician (died 1579)

• 1538 Charles Borromeo, Italian cardinal and saint (died 1584)

1601–1900

• 1718 Elizabeth Montagu, English author and critic (died 1800)

• 1768 William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, English general and politician (died 1854)

• 1798 Charles Albert, King of Sardinia (1831–49) (died 1849)

• 1800 Nat Turner, American slave and uprising leader (died 1831)

• 1815 James Agnew, Irish-Australian politician, Premier of Tasmania (died 1901)

• 1821 Alexander P. Stewart, American general (died 1908)

• 1828 Charles Floquet, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (died 1896)

• 1832 Edward Burnett Tylor, English anthropologist (died 1917)

• 1847 Paul von Hindenburg, German field marshal and politician, 2nd President of Germany (died 1934)

• 1851 Ferdinand Foch, French field marshal (died 1929)

• 1852 William Ramsay, Scottish chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1916)

• 1854 Patrick Geddes, Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, and philanthropist (died 1932)

• 1866 Swami Abhedananda, Indian mystic and philosopher (died 1939)

• 1869 Mahatma Gandhi, Indian freedom fighter, activist and philosopher (died 1948)

• 1871 Cordell Hull, American politician, United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1955)

• 1871 Martha Brookes Hutcheson, American landscaper and author (died 1959)

• 1873 Stephen Warfield Gambrill, American lawyer and politician (died 1924)

• 1873 Pelham Warner, English cricketer and manager (died 1963)

• 1875 Pattie Ruffner Jacobs, American suffragist (died 1935)

• 1879 Wallace Stevens, American poet (died 1955)

• 1882 Boris Shaposhnikov, Russian colonel (died 1945)

• 1883 Karl von Terzaghi, Austrian geologist and engineer (died 1963)

• 1890 Groucho Marx, American comedian and actor (died 1977)

• 1893 Leroy Shield, American composer and conductor (died 1962)

• 1895 Ruth Cheney Streeter, American colonel (died 1990)

• 1900 Leela Roy Nag, Indian freedom fighter, social reformer and politician (died 1970)

1901–present

• 1902 Leopold Figl, Austrian politician, Chancellor of Austria (died 1965)

• 1904 Graham Greene, English novelist, playwright, and critic (died 1991)

• 1904 Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indian and politician, Prime Minister of India (died 1966)

• 1905 Franjo Šeper, Croatian cardinal (died 1981)

• 1906 Thomas Hollway, Australian politician, Premier of Victoria (died 1971)

• 1907 Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Bolivian politician, President of Bolivia (died 2001)

• 1907 Alexander R. Todd, Scottish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1997)

• 1909 Alex Raymond, American cartoonist, creator of Flash Gordon (died 1956)

• 1912 Frank Malina, American engineer and painter (died 1981)

• 1914 Jack Parsons, American chemist, occultist, and engineer (died 1952)

• 1914 Bernarr Rainbow, English organist, conductor, and historian (died 1998)

• 1915 Chuck Williams, American author and businessman, founded Williams Sonoma (died 2015)

• 1917 Christian de Duve, Belgian cytologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013)

• 1917 Charles Drake, American actor (died 1994)

• 1919 John W. Duarte, English guitarist and composer (died 2004)

• 1921 Edmund Crispin, English writer and composer (died 1978)

• 1921 Albert Scott Crossfield, American pilot and engineer (died 2006)

• 1921 Robert Runcie, English archbishop (died 2000)

• 1925 Wren Blair, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (died 2013)

• 1926 Jan Morris, Welsh historian and author (died 2020)

• 1928 George McFarland, American actor (died 1993)

• 1928 Wolfhart Pannenberg, Polish-German theologian and academic (died 2014)

• 1929 Peter Bronfman, Canadian businessman (died 1996)

• 1929 Moses Gunn, American actor (died 1993)

• 1930 Dave Barrett, Canadian social worker and politician, 26th Premier of British Columbia (died 2018)

• 1932 Maury Wills, American baseball player and manager (died 2022)

• 1933 John Gurdon, English biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2025)

• 1933 Dave Somerville, Canadian singer (died 2015)

• 1934 Richard Scott, Baron Scott of Foscote, English lawyer and judge

• 1934 Earl Wilson, American baseball player (died 2005)

• 1935 Omar Sívori, Italian-Argentine footballer and manager (died 2005)

• 1936 Dick Barnett, American basketball player (died 2025)

• 1936 Connie Dierking, American basketball player (died 2013)

• 1936 – Gwen Marston, American quilter and writer (died 2019)

• 1937 Johnnie Cochran, American lawyer (died 2005)

• 1938 Nick Gravenites, American singer-songwriter (died 2024)

• 1938 Waheed Murad, Pakistani actor, producer, and screenwriter (died 1983)

• 1938 Rex Reed, American film critic (died 2026)

• 1939 Budhi Kunderan, Indian cricketer (died 2006)

• 1941 Diana Hendry, English poet and author

• 1941 Ron Meagher, American rock bass player

• 1942 Steve Sabol, American director and producer, co-founded NFL Films (died 2012)

• 1943 Anna Ford, English journalist

• 1943 Henri Szeps, Australian actor (died 2025)

• 1944 Vernor Vinge, American author (died 2024)

• 1945 Martin Hellman, American cryptographer and academic

• 1945 Don McLean, American singer-songwriter

• 1946 Sonthi Boonyaratglin, Thai general and politician

• 1947 Ward Churchill, American author and activist (died 2026)

• 1948 Trevor Brooking, English footballer and manager

• 1948 Avery Brooks, American actor

• 1948 Donna Karan, American fashion designer, founded DKNY

• 1948 Siim Kallas, Estonian politician, Prime Minister of Estonia (died 2026)

• 1948 Persis Khambatta, Indian model and actress, (died 1998)

• 1949 Richard Hell, American singer-songwriter and bass player

• 1949 Annie Leibovitz, American photographer

• 1950 Mike Rutherford, English guitarist

• 1951 Sting, English singer-songwriter and actor

• 1952 Janusz Olejniczak, Polish classical pianist and actor (died 2024)

• 1952 Robin Riker, American actress

• 1953 Vanessa Bell Armstrong, American singer

• 1953 Tom Boswell, American basketball player

• 1954 Lorraine Bracco, American actress

• 1955 Philip Oakey, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer

• 1956 Freddie Jackson, American soul singer

• 1957 John Cook, American golfer

• 1957 Wade Dooley, English rugby player

• 1958 Robbie Nevil, American singer-songwriter

• 1960 Glenn Anderson, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1960 Django Bates, English musician and composer

• 1960 Joe Sacco, Maltese-American journalist and cartoonist

• 1960 Dereck Whittenburg, American basketball player and coach

• 1962 Mark Rypien, Canadian-American football player

• 1963 Keith Bradshaw, Australian cricketer

• 1963 Maria Ressa, Filipino-American journalist

• 1964 Dirk Brinkmann, German field hockey player

• 1965 Darren Cahill, Australian tennis player

• 1965 Tom Moody, Australian cricketer

• 1965 Ferhan and Ferzan Önder, Turkish-Austrian pianists

• 1966 Yokozuna, American wrestler (died 2000)

• 1967 Frankie Fredericks, Namibian sprinter

• 1967 Alex Karp, American businessman

• 1967 Thomas Muster, Austrian tennis player

• 1967 Gillian Welch, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1968 Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player and sportscaster (died 2017)

• 1968 Joey Slotnick, American actor

• 1968 Glen Wesley, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1968 Kelly Willis, American country music singer-songwriter

• 1969 Badly Drawn Boy, English musician

• 1970 Eddie Guardado, American baseball player

• 1970 Patricia O'Callaghan, Canadian soprano

• 1970 Kelly Ripa, American actress and talk show host

• 1970 Maribel Verdú, Spanish actress

• 1971 Tiffany Darwish, American singer-songwriter

• 1971 Jim Root, American guitarist and songwriter

• 1971 Chris Savino, American comic book artist, writer, animator and creator of The Loud House

• 1972 Aaron McKie, American basketball player

• 1973 Melissa Harris-Perry, American journalist, author, and educator

• 1973 Lene Nystrøm, Norwegian singer, songwriter, and musician

• 1973 Efren Ramirez, American actor

• 1973 Scott Schoeneweis, American baseball player

• 1974 Bjarke Ingels, Danish architect

• 1974 Sam Roberts, Canadian singer-songwriter and musician

• 1974 Paul Teutul Jr., American motorcycle designer, co-founded Orange County Choppers

• 1976 Mark Chilton, English cricketer

• 1977 Didier Défago, Swiss skier

• 1978 Ayumi Hamasaki, Japanese singer, songwriter, actress

• 1981 Luke Wilkshire, Australian footballer

• 1982 Tyson Chandler, American basketball player

• 1982 Esra Gümüş, Turkish volleyball player

• 1984 Marion Bartoli, French tennis player

• 1985 Çağlar Birinci, Turkish footballer

• 1986 Camilla Belle, American actress

• 1987 Joe Ingles, Australian basketball player

• 1987 Phil Kessel, American ice hockey player

• 1987 Ricky Stenhouse Jr., American race car driver

• 1988 Brittany Howard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

• 1989 Frederik Andersen, Danish ice hockey player

• 1989 Josh Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1989 Aaron Hicks, American baseball player

• 1989 George Nash, English rower

• 1990 Samantha Barks, Manx actress and singer

• 1991 Roberto Firmino, Brazilian footballer

• 1992 Alisson Becker, Brazilian footballer

• 1992 Shane Larkin, American-Turkish basketball player

• 1992 Nicol Ruprecht, Austrian rhythmic gymnast

• 1993 Lance McCullers Jr., American baseball player

• 1995 Tepai Moeroa, Cook Islands rugby league player

• 1996 Tom Trbojevic, Australian rugby league player

• 2000 Quadeca, American singer-songwriter and YouTuber

• 2002 Jacob Sartorius, American social media personality and singer

• 2005 Sam Konstas, Australian cricketer

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 534 Athalaric, king of the Ostrogoths in Italy

• 829 Michael II, Byzantine emperor

• 939 Eberhard of Franconia

• 939 Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine

• 1264 Pope Urban IV (born c. 1200)

• 1559 Jacquet of Mantua, French-Italian composer (born 1483)

1601–1900

• 1626 Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar, Spanish academic and diplomat (born 1567)

• 1629 Antonio Cifra, Italian composer (born 1584)

• 1629 Pierre de Bérulle, French cardinal and theologian (born 1575)

• 1674 George Frederick of Nassau-Siegen, officer in the Dutch Army (born 1606)

• 1678 Wu Sangui, Qing Chinese general (born 1612)

• 1708 Anne Jules de Noailles, French general (born 1650)

• 1709 Ivan Mazepa, Ukrainian diplomat (born 1639)

• 1724 François-Timoléon de Choisy, French historian and author (born 1644)

• 1746 Josiah Burchett, English admiral and politician (born 1666)

• 1764 William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1720)

• 1780 John André, English soldier (born 1750)

• 1782 Charles Lee, English-born American general (born 1732)

• 1786 Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel, English admiral and politician (born 1725)

• 1803 Samuel Adams, American politician, Governor of Massachusetts (born 1722)

• 1804 Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, French engineer (born 1725)

• 1847 Vasil Aprilov, Bulgarian educator, merchant and writer (born 1789)

• 1850 Sarah Biffen, English painter (born 1784)

• 1853 François Arago, French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and politician (born 1786)

1901–present

• 1920 Max Bruch, German composer and conductor (born 1838)

• 1927 Svante Arrhenius, Swedish physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1859)

• 1938 Alexandru Averescu, Romanian military leader and politician, 24th Prime Minister of Romania (born 1859)

• 1943 John Evans, English-Australian politician, 21st Premier of Tasmania (born 1855)

• 1953 John Marin, American painter (born 1870)

• 1953 Émilie Busquant, French anarcho-syndicalist, sewed the first Flag of Algeria (born 1901)

• 1955 William R. Orthwein, American swimmer and water polo player (born 1881)

• 1968 Marcel Duchamp, French painter and sculptor (born 1887)

• 1971 Jessie Arms Botke, American painter (born 1883)

• 1973 Paul Hartman, American actor and dancer (born 1904)

• 1973 Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (born 1897)

• 1974 Vasily Shukshin, Russian actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1929)

• 1975 K. Kamaraj, Indian lawyer and politician (born 1903)

• 1981 Harry Golden, American journalist and author (born 1902)

• 1981 Hazel Scott, Trinidadian-American activist, actress, and musician (born 1920)

• 1985 Rock Hudson, American actor (born 1925)

• 1987 Madeleine Carroll, English actress (born 1906)

• 1987 Peter Medawar, Brazilian-English biologist and zoologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1915)

• 1988 Alec Issigonis, English car designer, designed the Mini (born 1906)

• 1988 Hamengkubuwono IX, Indonesian politician, 2nd vice president of Indonesia (born 1912)

• 1991 Hazen Argue, Canadian politician (born 1921)

• 1991 Demetrios I of Constantinople (born 1914)

• 1996 Robert Bourassa, Canadian lawyer and politician, Premier of Quebec (born 1933)

• 1996 Andrey Lukanov, Bulgarian politician, 40th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (born 1938)

• 1998 Gene Autry, American actor, singer, and guitarist (born 1907)

• 1999 Heinz G. Konsalik, German journalist and author (born 1921)

• 2000 David Tonkin, Australian politician, Premier of South Australia (born 1929)

• 2001 Franz Biebl, German composer and academic (born 1906)

• 2002 Heinz von Foerster, Austrian-American physicist and philosopher (born 1911)

• 2003 John Thomas Dunlop, American scholar and politician, United States Secretary of Labor (born 1914)

• 2005 Nipsey Russell, American comedian and actor (born 1918)

• 2005 August Wilson, American author and playwright (born 1945)

• 2006 Helen Chenoweth-Hage, American politician (born 1938)

• 2006 Paul Halmos, Hungarian-American mathematician (born 1916)

• 2007 Tex Coulter, American football player (born 1924)

• 2007 George Grizzard, American actor (born 1928)

• 2007 Dan Keating, Irish Republican Army volunteer (born 1902)

• 2010 Kwa Geok Choo, Singaporean lawyer and scholar (born 1920)

• 2012 Nguyễn Chí Thiện, Vietnamese-American poet and activist (born 1939)

• 2012 Charles Roach, Trinidadian-Canadian lawyer and activist (born 1933)

• 2012 J. Philippe Rushton, English-Canadian psychologist, theorist, academic (born 1943)

• 2013 Abraham Nemeth, American mathematician and academic (born 1918)

• 2014 Robert Flower, Australian footballer (born 1955)

• 2015 Brian Friel, Irish author, playwright, and director (born 1929)

• 2015 Coleridge Goode, Jamaican-English bassist and composer (born 1914)

• 2015 Johnny Paton, Scottish footballer and coach (born 1923)

• 2016 Neville Marriner, British conductor (born 1924)

• 2017 Tom Petty, American musician (born 1950)

• 2018 Jamal Khashoggi, Saudi journalist (born 1958)

• 2020 Anne-Marie Hutchinson, British lawyer (born 1957)

• 2021 Jack Biondolillo, American bowler (born 1940)

• 2022 Sacheen Littlefeather, American actress, model and activist for Native American civil rights (born 1946)

• 2023 Francis Lee, English footballer (born 1944)

• 2024 Susie Berning, American professional golfer (born 1941)

• 2024 Marissa Haque, Indonesian politician (born 1962)

Holidays and observances

• Batik Day (Indonesia)

Christian feast day:

• Denha I of Tikrit (Syriac Orthodox Church)

• Memorial of the Holy Guardian Angels

• Leodegar

• October 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Gandhi's birthday-related observances:

• Gandhi Jayanti (India)

• International Day of Non-Violence

• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Guinea from France in 1958

• National Grandparents Day (Italy)

• International Day of Non-Violence

References

External links