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Wikipedia / 1621

Events

January–March

January 12 Şehzade Mehmed, the 15-year old half-brother of Ottoman Sultan Osman II, is put to death by hanging on Osman's orders. Before dying, Mehmed prays aloud that Osman's reign as Sultan be ruined.
January 18 The Dutch East India Company formally names its fortress at Jayakarta in Indonesia, calling it Batavia. Upon the independence of the Dutch East Indies as Indonesia in 1945, Batavia will be renamed Jakarta.
January 22 The Tianqi era begins in Ming Dynasty China, six months after Zhu Changluo becomes the Taichang Emperor.
January 24 Twelve days after the murder of Prince Mehmed on orders of Sultan Osman II, Constantinople is hit by bitter winter weather, leading to rioting by persons who believe that the punishment of Osman is the will of Allah.
January 28 Pope Paul V (Camillo Borghese) dies at the age of 70 after 15 years as Pontiff.
January 29 Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, declares the Elector of the Palatinate, Frederick V, to be a traitor to the Empire.
February 9 Papal Conclave of 1621: Pope Gregory XV succeeds Pope Paul V, as the 234th pope.
February 17 Myles Standish is appointed as the first commander of Plymouth Colony.
March 16 Samoset, a Mohegan, visits the settlers of Plymouth Colony and greets them: "Welcome, Englishmen! My name is Samoset."
March 22 The Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony sign a peace treaty with Massasoit of the Wampanoagss.
March 31 King Philip IV of Spain begins his 44-year rule.

April–June

April 1 The Plymouth, Massachusetts colonists create the first treaty with native Americans.
April 5 The Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth, on a return trip to England.
April 9 The Twelve Years' Truce between the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Empire expires, and both sides prepare to resume the Eighty Years' War.
May 2 The Panama earthquake affects the Isthmus of Panama, with an estimated magnitude of 6.9, and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII.
May 12 The city of Tornio in Lapland is founded by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, becoming the northernmost city in the world at the time.
May 24 The Protestant Union is formally dissolved.
June 3 The Dutch West India Company is founded.
June 21 Thirty Years' War: Twenty-seven Czech lords are executed on the Old Town Square in Prague, as a consequence of the Battle of White Mountain.
June 24 Huguenot rebellions: Saint-Jean-d'Angély is taken, after a 26-day siege by Royal forces.

July–September

July 25 Thirty Years' War Battle of Neu Titschein: Remnants of the Bohemian army temporarily hold off the Imperial advance in Silesia.
August 8 Huguenot rebellions: The French Protestant city of La Rochelle joins in the revolt by Benjamin, Duke of Soubise.
August 22 Huguenot rebellions: Louis XIII besieges the city of Montauban, but is forced to abandon the battle by November 9.
September 2 The Battle of Khotyn begins as a force of more than 120,000 Ottoman troops attacks the Moldavian city of Khotyn. Despite the Ottomans' numerical superiority, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth wins the battle and forces a surrender five weeks later.

October–December

October 9 The Treaty of Khotyn is signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, ending the First Polish-Ottoman War.
October 9 (September 29 O.S.) The Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony and Wampanoagss celebrate a harvest feast (three days), later regarded as the First Thanksgiving, noted for the temporary peace between the English and the local Indians. The celebration is believed by later historians to have coincided with Michaelmas, observed on September 29 by the Anglican Communion on the calendar used in England at the time.
November 11 The ship Fortune arrives at Plymouth Colony, with 35 more settlers.
December 31 Thirty Years' War: The Peace of Nikolsburg is signed between Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and Gabor Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania. Bethlen agrees to renounce his claims to Hungary. In return Bethlen receives several counties and lands along the eastern border of the Holy Roman Empire, and Moravia is granted religious freedom.
December The Dutch mathematician and astronomer, Willebrord Snel van Royen (1580–1626), reveals he has rediscovered the law of refraction, also known as Snellius' law.

Date unknown

The Venezuelan city of Petare is founded by Spanish conquistadors, as San Jose de Guanarito.
The Swedish city of Gothenburg is founded by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. The king also grants city rights to Luleå, Piteå and Torneå (Tornio). Riga falls under the rule of Sweden.
Tamblot rallies an unknown, large number of people in Bohol, Captaincy General of the Philippines to revolt against the Spanish Empire.
The Dutch East India Company sends 2,000 soldiers, under the command of Jan Pieterszoon Coen, to the Banda Islands, in order to force the local inhabitants to accept the Dutch trade monopoly on the lucrative nutmeg, grown almost exclusively on those islands. The soldiers proceed to massacre most of the 15,000 indigenous inhabitants.

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Births

January–March

January 16 Magnus Celsius, Swedish astronomer and mathematician (d. 1679)
January 27 Thomas Willis, English doctor who played an important part in the history of anatomy (d. 1675)
January 30 George II Rákóczi, Hungarian nobleman (d. 1660)
February 2 Johannes Schefferus, Alsatian-born humanist (d. 1679)
February 4 Frederick, Burgrave of Dohna, Dutch officer, and governor of Orange (d. 1688)
February 14 Sibylla Schwarz, German poet (d. 1638)
February 20 Erzsébet Thurzó, Hungarian noblewoman (d. 1642)
February 21 Rebecca Nurse, Massachusetts colonist, executed as a witch (d. 1692)
February Lamoral II Claudius Franz, Count of Thurn and Taxis, Postmaster General of the Holy Roman Empire (1646–1676) (d. 1676)
March 1 John Alleyn, Cornish barrister (d. 1663)
March 2 Louis Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Ebeleben (1642–1681) (d. 1681)
March 9 Egbert van der Poel, Dutch painter (d. 1664)
March 16 Georg Neumark, German poet and composer of hymns (d. 1681)
March 24 John VI, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1621–1667) (d. 1667)
March 26 (bapt.) Jacob van der Ulft, Dutch painter (d. 1689)
March 27 Margrave Charles Magnus of Baden-Durlach (d. 1658)
March 28 Heinrich Schwemmer, German music teacher and composer (d. 1696)
March 31 Andrew Marvell, English metaphysical poet and politician (d. 1678)

April–June

April 1 Guru Tegh Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru (d. 1675)
April 7 Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1640–1642) (d. 1642)

April 17

Henry Vaughan, Welsh author (d. 1695)
Thomas Vaughan, Welsh philosopher (d. 1666)

April 23

Georg Arnold, Austrian musician (d. 1676)
William Penn, English admiral and politician (d. 1670)
April 25 Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, Anglo-Irish soldier, statesman and dramatist (d. 1679)
May 25 David Beck, Dutch portrait painter (d. 1656)

June 2

Rutger von Ascheberg, Courland-born soldier in Swedish service (d. 1693)
Jørgen Bjelke, Norwegian officer and nobleman (d. 1696)
Isaac van Ostade, Dutch painter (d. 1649)
June 6 Petar Zrinski, Croatian viceroy (executed 1671)
June 16 Edward Proger, Member of Parliament for Brecknockshire (d. 1713)
June 29 Willem van der Zaan, Dutch admiral (d. 1669)

July–September

July 1 Cornelis de Man, Dutch painter (d. 1706)

July 8

Jean de La Fontaine, French writer (d. 1695)
Leonora Christina Ulfeldt, Danish countess and author (d. 1698)

July 13

Last baby beaver born on Exmoor until July 13, 2021

July 22

Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician (d. 1683)
Thomas Hanford, New England settler, Puritan minister (d. 1693)
Kinoshita Jun'an, Japanese philosopher and Confucian scholar (d. 1699)
July 24 Jan Andrzej Morsztyn, Polish poet (d. 1693)
August 12 Albert d'Orville, Jesuit priest and missionary, cartographer (d. 1662)

August 13

Sir John Pakington, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1680)
Israel Silvestre, French topographical etcher (d. 1691)
August 19 Gerbrand van den Eeckhout, Dutch painter (d. 1674)
August 22 Adriaen van Gaesbeeck, Dutch painter of genre subjects and portraits (d. 1650)
August 28 Sir Richard Howe, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1703)
September 8 Louis, Grand Condé, French general (d. 1686)
September 9 Henry X, Count of Reuss-Lobenstein, Rector of the University of Leipzig (d. 1671)

October–December

October 3

Claude Maltret, French Jesuit (d. 1674)
Friedrich Werner, German musician (d. 1660)
October 8 Maximilian Henry of Bavaria, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1688)
October 18 Michael Angelo Immenraet, Flemish painter (d. 1683)
October 20 Şehzade Ömer, Ottoman prince (d. 1622)

October 21

Nicholas Barré, French Minim friar, priest and founder (d. 1686)
Richard Standish, English politician (d. 1662)
October 23 Lord John Stewart, Scottish aristocrat, Royalist commander in the English Civil War (d. 1644)
October 24 Serafina of God, founder of seven Carmelite monasteries of nuns in southern Italy (d. 1699)
October 29 The London Pageant of 1621 celebrates the inauguration of Edward Barkham (Lord Mayor).
November 11 Israel Tonge, English churchman and anti-Catholic conspirator (d. 1680)

November 15

Cornelis Geelvinck, Dutch mayor (d. 1689)
Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough, English diplomat (d. 1697)
December 3 Bohuslav Balbín, Czech writer and Jesuit (d. 1688)
December 10 Christian Albert, Burgrave and Count of Dohna, German nobleman and general in the army of Brandenburg (d. 1677)
December 12 Gerard Pietersz Hulft, Dutch general (d. 1656)

December 23

Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham, English politician (d. 1682)
Edmund Berry Godfrey, English magistrate whose mysterious death caused anti-Catholic uproar in England (d. 1678)