1902 on arvau

Wikipedia / 1902

Events

January

January 1

The Nurses Registration Act 1901 comes into effect in New Zealand, making it the first country in the world to require state registration of nurses. On January 10, Ellen Dougherty becomes the world's first registered nurse.
Nathan Stubblefield demonstrates his wireless telephone device in the U.S. state of Kentucky.
January 8 A train collision in the New York Central Railroad's Park Avenue Tunnel kills 17 people, injures 38, and leads to increased demand for electric trains and the banning of steam locomotives in New York City.
January 23 Hakkōda Mountains incident: A snowstorm in the Hakkōda Mountains of northern Honshu, Japan, kills 199 during a military training exercise.
January 29 The Carnegie Institution is founded in Washington, D.C., to promote scientific research with a $10million gift from Andrew Carnegie.
January 30 The Anglo-Japanese Alliance is signed.

February

February 12 The 1st Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance takes place in Washington, D.C.
February 15 The Berlin U-Bahn underground is opened.
February 18 U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt prosecutes the Northern Securities Company for violation of the antitrust Sherman Act.
February 27 Australian officers Breaker Morant and Peter Handcock are executed for the murder of Boer prisoners of war near Louis Trichardt.

March

March 7 Second Boer War: Battle of Tweebosch South African Boers win their last battle over the British Army, with the capture of a British general and 200 of his men.
March 8 Jean Sibelius's Symphony No. 2 is premiered in Helsinki.

March 10

Clashes between police and Georgian workers led by Joseph Stalin leave 15 dead, 54 wounded, and 500 in prison.
A Circuit Court decision in the United States ends Thomas Edison's monopoly on 35 mm movie film technology.
March 15 The Pattani Sultanate is abolished by the Siamese authority after the last sultan of Pattani refused new administrative reforms by the Siamese.

April

April 2 The Electric Theatre, the first movie theater in the United States, opens in Los Angeles.
April 11 Tenor Enrico Caruso makes the first million-selling recording, for the Gramophone Company in Milan.
April 13 A new land speed record of is set in Nice, France, by Léon Serpollet driving a steam car.
April 19 The 7.5 Guatemala earthquake shakes Guatemala with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing between 800 and 2,000.

May

May 7 La Soufrière volcano on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent erupts, devastating the northern portion of the island and killing 2,000 people
May 8 Mount Pelée in Martinique erupts, destroying the town of Saint-Pierre and killing over 30,000.
May 12 Brazilian aeronaut Augusto Severo de Albuquerque Maranhão and Georges Saché, his French mechanic, are killed when Severo's airship Pax catches fire and explodes a little over 1,000 ft above Paris. Severo and Saché are both killed upon impact with the ground.
May 13 Alfonso XIII of Spain begins his reign.
May 20 Cuba gains independence from the United States.
May 22 The White Star Liner SS Ionic is launched by Harland and Wolff in Belfast.
May 29 The London School of Economics is opened by Lord Rosebery.
May 31 The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the Second Boer War, providing for the Transvaal Colony and Orange Free State to transition to self-governing British colonies.

June

June 13 Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, predecessor of global consumer goods brand 3M, begins trading as a mining venture at Two Harbors in the United States.
June 15 The New York Central Railroad inaugurates the 20th Century Limited passenger train between Chicago and New York City.
June 16 The Commonwealth Franchise Act in Australia grants women's suffrage in federal elections for resident British subjects (with certain ethnic minorities excepted), making Australia the first independent country to grant women the vote at a national level, and the first country to allow them to stand for Parliament.
June 26 Edward VII institutes the Order of Merit, an order bestowed personally by the British monarch on up to 24 distinguished Empire recipients.

July

July 2 Philippine–American War ends.
July 5 Erik Gustaf Boström returns as Prime Minister of Sweden.
July 8 The United States Bureau of Reclamation is established within the U.S. Geological Survey.
July 10 The Rolling Mill Mine disaster in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, kills 112 miners.
July 11 Lord Salisbury retires as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

July 14

Agustín Lizárraga discovers Machu Picchu, the "Lost City of the Incass".
St Mark's Campanile in Venice collapses.
July 21 Fluminense Football Club is founded in Rio de Janeiro.

August

August 1 100 miners die in a pit explosion in Wollongong, Australia.
August 9 Coronation of Edward VII as King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, Emperor of India at Westminster Abbey in London.

August 22

Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first American President to ride in an automobile, a Columbia Electric Victoria through Hartford, Connecticut.
A 7.7 earthquake shakes the border between China and Kyrgyzstan killing 10,000 people.
August 24 A statue of Joan of Arc is unveiled in Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier, the French town which she stormed in 1429.
August 30 Mount Pelée again erupts in Martinique, destroying the town of Le Morne-Rouge and causing 1,000 deaths.

September

September 1 The first science fiction film, the silent A Trip to the Moon (Le Voyage dans La Lune), is premièred at the Théâtre Robert-Houdin in Paris, France, by actor/producer Georges Méliès, and proves an immediate success.
September 19 Shiloh Baptist Church stampede: 115 people are killed in a crush at a black church in Birmingham, Alabama, following a mistaken alarm of fire after an address by Booker T. Washington.

October

October 14 Rimsky-Korsakov's opera Servillia premieres in St. Petersburg
October 16 The first Borstal (youth offenders' institution) opens in Borstal, Kent, U.K.
October 17 First Cadillac completed, sold and sent to Buffalo, New York
October 18 Venezuela: President Castro's army overcomes rebels in seven-day battle
October 21 A five-month strike by the United Mine Workers in the United States ends.
October 24 One of the largest volcanic eruptions of the 20th century occurs at Santa María in Guatemala; over 6,000 people die.

November

November 1 France attempts to neutralize Triple Alliance, signing agreement with Italy to remain neutral in Africa.

November 15

King Leopold II of Belgium survives an attempted assassination in Brussels by Italian anarchist Gennaro Rubino.
The Hanoi exhibition opens in French Indochina.
November 16 A newspaper cartoon depicting U.S. President "Teddy" Roosevelt refusing to shoot a bear cub inspires creation of the first teddy bear by Morris Michtom in New York City.
November 30 The second-in-command of Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch, Harvey Logan ("Kid Curry"), is captured after a shootout with lawmen in Knoxville, Tennessee. He is sentenced to a $5,000 fine and 20 years hard labor for robbery but escapes custody in 1903.

December

DecemberFebruary 1903 Venezuelan crisis: Britain, Germany and Italy sustain a naval blockade on Venezuela, in order to enforce collection of outstanding financial claims. This prompts the development of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
December 10 The first Aswan Dam on the Nile is completed.
December 17 The Commercial Telegraph Agency (TTA, Torgovo-Telegrafnue Agenstvo), predecessor of TASS, is officially established under the Ministry of Finance at Saint Petersburg in the Russian Empire.
December 21 Newfoundland - Guglielmo Marconi sends wireless messages across the Atlantic.
December 30 Discovery Expedition: British explorers Scott, Shackleton and Wilson reach the furthest southern point reached thus far by man, south of 82°S.

Date unknown

The capital of French Indochina is moved from Saigon (in Cochinchina) to Hanoi (Tonkin).
Construction of the Paul Doumer Bridge, linking both sections of Hanoi, is completed.
The first Korean Empire passports are issued to assist Korean immigration to Hawaii.
De'Longhi home appliance brand is founded in Treviso, Italy.
Daniels Linseed, predecessor of Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), a global livestock, commodities trading, food processing brand, is founded in Minnesota, United States.

Births

January

January 4 John A. McCone, American politician, 6th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 1991)
January 8 Georgy Malenkov, Soviet politician (d. 1988)

January 9

Sir Rudolf Bing, Austrian-born British opera manager (d. 1997)
Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish Roman Catholic priest and saint (d. 1975)

January 11

Maurice Duruflé, French composer (d. 1986)
Evelyn Dove, British singer and actress (d. 1987)

January 15

Nâzım Hikmet, Turkish poet and director (d. 1963)
King Saud of Saudi Arabia (d. 1969)
January 16 Eric Liddell, Scottish runner (d. 1945)

January 20

Kevin Barry, Irish republican (d. 1920)
Leon Ames, American actor (d. 1993)
January 22 Daniel Kinsey, American hurdler (d. 1970)
January 25 André Beaufre, French general (d. 1975)
January 26 Menno ter Braak, Dutch author, polemicist (d. 1940)

January 31

Tallulah Bankhead, American actress (d. 1968)
Alva Myrdal, Swedish politician, diplomat, and writer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1986)

February

February 4

Charles Lindbergh, American aviator (d. 1974)
Hartley Shawcross, British barrister and politician (d. 2003)
February 8 Demchugdongrub, Mongolian politician (d. 1966)

February 9

Blanche Calloway, American jazz singer (d. 1978)
Léon M'ba, 1st President of Gabon (d. 1967)
February 10 Walter Houser Brattain, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
February 11 Arne Jacobsen, Danish architect, designer (d. 1971)
February 12 William Collier Jr., American actor (d. 1987)
February 14 – Thelma Ritter, American actress (d. 1969)

February 19

Kay Boyle, American writer (d. 1992)
John W. Bubbles, American dancer and actor (d. 1986)
February 20 Ansel Adams, American photographer (d. 1984)
February 22 Herma Szabo, Austrian figure skater (d. 1986)

February 27

Gene Sarazen, American golfer (d. 1999)
John Steinbeck, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)

March

March 7 Heinz Rühmann, German actor (d. 1994)
March 9 Will Geer, American actor (d. 1978)
March 13 Mohammed Abdel Wahab, Egyptian singer (d. 1991)
March 17 Bobby Jones, American golfer (d. 1971)
March 19 Fuad Chehab, 8th President of Lebanon (d. 1973)
March 21 Son House, American musician (d. 1988)
March 24 Thomas E. Dewey, American politician (d. 1971)
March 27 Betty Balfour, English screen actress (d. 1977)
March 28 Dame Flora Robson, English actress (d. 1984)

March 29

Marcel Aymé, French writer (d. 1967)
William Walton, English composer (d. 1983)
March 30 Brooke Astor, American socialite, philanthropist (d. 2007)

April

April 2 Jan Tschichold, German typographer (d. 1974)

April 4

Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin, French author (d. 1969)
Stanley G. Weinbaum, American science-fiction author (d. 1935)

April 8

Andrew Irvine, British mountaineer (d. 1924)
Josef Krips, Austrian conductor, violinist (d. 1974)
April 12 Louis Beel, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1977)
April 14 Yakov Smushkevich, Soviet Air Force general (d. 1941)
April 18 Giuseppe Pella, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1981)
April 20 – Sir Donald Wolfit, English actor (d. 1968)
April 23 Halldór Laxness, Icelandic writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
April 30 Theodore Schultz, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)

May

May 2 Brian Aherne, English actor (d. 1986)
May 3 Alfred Kastler, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize (d. 1984)
May 6 Max Ophüls, German film director (d. 1957)
May 8 André Michel Lwoff, French microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)

May 10

Anatole Litvak, Ukrainian-born film director (d. 1974)
David O. Selznick, American film producer (d. 1965)
May 15 Richard J. Daley, American politician, 48th Mayor of Chicago (d. 1976)
May 18 Meredith Willson, American composer (d. 1984)

May 21

Marcel Breuer, Hungarian-born American architect (d. 1981)
Leonidas Zervas, Greek organic chemist (d. 1980)
May 22 Al Simmons, American baseball player (d. 1956)

June

June 1 – C. Wade McClusky, United States Navy admiral (d. 1976)
June 8 James Stillman Rockefeller, American Olympic rower and banker (d. 2004)
June 9 Skip James, American Delta blues singer, songwriter, and musician (d. 1969)
June 16 Barbara McClintock, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1992)
June 17 F. F. E. Yeo-Thomas, English World War II hero (d. 1964)
June 22 Henri Deglane, French wrestler (d. 1975)
June 25 Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu, Japanese prince (d. 1953)
June 26 Hugues Cuénod, Swiss tenor (d. 2010)
June 28 Richard Rodgers, American composer (d. 1979)

July

July 1 William Wyler, German-born American film director (d. 1981)

July 4

Meyer Lansky, Russian-born American mobster (d. 1983)
George Murphy, American dancer, actor and politician (d. 1992)
July 8 Gwendolyn B. Bennett, American writer (d. 1981)

July 10

Kurt Alder, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
Nicolás Guillén, Cuban poet, journalist, political activist and writer (d. 1989)
July 16 Alexander Luria, Russian neuropsychologist (d. 1977)
July 18 Chill Wills, American actor, singer (d. 1978)

July 28

Albert Namatjira, Australian painter (d. 1959)
Karl Popper, Austrian-born British philosopher (d. 1994)
July 31 Gubby Allen, Australian-born English cricketer, cricket administrator (d. 1989)